2. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Unit Descriptor
2
This unit defines the competence required to operate a personal
computer, including starting the PC, logging in, using and
understanding desktop icons and their links to
underlying programs, navigating a directory structure,
saving work, printing, closing down the PC and word
processing .
3. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Learning outcome
At the end of this module the trainees will able to:
LO1: Start the computer
LO2:Access basic system information
LO3: Navigate and Manipulate desktop environment
LO4 Organize basic directory/ folder structure and files
LO5: Organize files for user and/or organization requirements
LO6: Print information
LO7: Operate application software
4. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
LO1: START THE COMPUTER
4
Check peripheral device connections for correct position.
Check input voltage for the device based on the OHS
standards.
Switched on power at both the power and computer.
5. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Check peripheral device connections for
correct position.
5
What is Peripheral Device?
A computer peripheral is a device that is connected to a
computer but is not part of the core computer architecture.
The core elements of a computer are the central processing unit,
power supply, motherboard and the computer case that contains
those three components. Technically speaking, everything else is
considered a peripheral device.
6. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Why we need Computer Peripherals?
6
You connect the device to the computer to expand the
functionality of the system.
For example, consider a printer. Once the printer is
connected to a computer, you can print out documents.
Another way to look at peripheral devices is that they are
dependent on the computer system.
7. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
7
For example, most printers can't do much on their own, and they
only become functional.
Example: A peripheral device connects to a computer system to
add functionality.
Examples are a mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer and scanner.
Learn about the different types of peripheral devices and how
they allow you to do more with your computer.
8. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
8
There are 3 types in Computer Peripherals.
1. Input device: An input device is a piece of equipment that enables
data to be entered into a computer system(Example Mouse,
Keyboard, Joystick ,Microphone ,Digital Camera, Scanner
etc..)
2. Output device: which provides output to the user from the computer
(monitors, printers, etc.)
3. Storage device: which stores data processed by the computer
(External hard drives, flash drives, etc.)
Types of Computer Peripherals
9. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
9
Peripheral devices can be external or internal.
For example, a printer is an external device that you
connect using a cable, while an optical disc drive is
typically located inside the computer case.
Internal peripheral devices are also referred to as
integrated peripherals. When most people refer to
peripherals, they typically mean external ones.
11. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
What is Computer?
11
A Computer is a programmable electronic device/machine
that accepts data as input, stores and processes it, and then
gives the information as output.
A computer system is the combination of hardware and
software.
1. Hardware and
2. Software
12. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Computer Software
12
Computer hardware is directed by a set of instructions. Without these
instructions, computers can do nothing.
These set of instructions are called software (also called programs).
We use programming languages to write these instructions.
Examples of programming languages include C, C++, Visual Basic,
Java, etc.
Software are categorized into two:
System Software
Application Software
13. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Computer Hardware
13
Computer hardware is the physical part of the computer
system that can be seen and felt.
The hardware part of a computer system is composed of a
number of interacted physical parts.
E.g. keyboard, mouse, system unit, monitor and
power switch
14. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Hardware Parts of Computer
System Unit
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Power Switch
14
15. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
System Unit
It processes, stores, and
communicates information.
components of System unit
CPU
Primary Memory
RAM & ROM
Secondary Memory
Internal Hard Disk
Mother Board
CD-Drive
Ports & etc…
15
16. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Monitor
This is what we call the Display Unit or
Screen.
This visually communicates with the
user.
Almost all information communicated
from the computer to the user is
through the monitor
16
17. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Power Switch
Both the system unit and the
monitor have a power switch
that turns them on and off.
Most power switches have this
symbol.
17
18. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Keyboard
It is an important tool that allows a user to communicate with
the computer.
We use keyboard in order to type text into the computer.
It is composed of “keys” that send a signal to the computer that
the computer recognizes and uses to carry out processes and
programs.
18
20. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Backspace Key
20
Numeric Key
Function
Key
To delete the character
(or space) to the left of the
cursor
21. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Delete Key
21
Numeric Key
Function
Key
To delete the character
(or space) to the right of
the cursor
22. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Escape (Esc) Key
22
Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to cancel the
current operation or
Used to exit a program
23. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Tab Key
23
Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to move from one
position on the screen to
another
Used to create indentation
for paragraphs
24. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Caps Lock Key
24
Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to type letters in
UPPERCASE when caps lock
button is ON
•To deactivate caps lock, press
the caps lock key again.
25. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Shift Key
25
Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used in combination with a second
key.
By holding down the shift key, it is
•Used to capitalize letters
•Used to type the characters and
symbols above the numbers on
the number keys.
26. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Space Bar Key
26
Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to create a space (one
character wide) between
characters or words
27. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Enter Key
27
Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to activate anything
that you have selected
But in text processing, used
to moves the cursor down to
the next line
28. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Arrow Keys
28
Numeric Key
Function
Key
Pressing one of these keys will
cause some type of screen
movement in the direction of
the arrow on the key
29. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
End Key
29
Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to find and see the LAST
page of a document
30. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Home Key
30
Numeric Key
Function
Key
Used to find and see the
FIRST page of a document
31. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Numeric Keys
31
Numeric Keys
Function Keys
Used to type numeric data
32. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Function Keys
32
Numeric Keys
Function Keys
Used for some specific purpose
Example:
•F1-Help
•F2-Rename/Setup
•F4-Find (in word)
•F12-Save as (in Ms Office)
33. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Control (Ctrl) Key
33
Numeric Keys
Function Keys
Usually used with another key
Example: Ctrl + S, Ctrl +C,
Ctrl +V, Ctrl + O, etc
34. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
Alternate (Alt) Key
34
Numeric Keys
Function Keys
Used in combination with
other keys
Example:Alt +Tab, Ctrl +
Alt + Delete, etc
35. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201735
Similar to the keyboard, the mouse is used to communicate with the
computer.
The mouse is like a remote control to aTV
It is a tool that drives the computer that can be used “away from the
computer;” though the mouse is considered your direct connection
into the computer world.
Mouse
36. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Fit the palm of your hand
around the mouse, with
your index finger resting on
the left (the primary) mouse
button &
your middle finger resting on
the right (the secondary)
mouse button.
Let the heel of your hand rest on
the desk or table.
36
Cont…
Using the Mouse
37. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
As you move the mouse, the mouse pointer (the cursor on the
screen) will move in the same direction as your hand.
37
The
Arrow or
cursor or
Pointer
is the visual cue that points, moves,
and selects things on monitor
Mouse Cursors
38. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
MouseTechniques
1. Click
To click, you press down one of the mouse buttons.
As you click it, it makes a “clicking” noise.
2. Left Clicking
This is the primary “click” that you will use.
This is clicking on the left mouse button.
When someone says,“click here,” that usually means to left click.
38
39. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201739
3. Right Clicking
This is used to change options or perform specific functions.
( using the displayed short-cut menu or Menu)
4. Point
Use the mouse to move the mouse pointer so that it hovers over the top
of an icon or word on the screen.
Cont…
40. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
5. Drag and Drop
Move the mouse pointer over the top of an item (such as an icon) on
your screen and then (while holding your hand still) gently press and
release the left button on the mouse.
This technique is often used to make a selection.
6. Double-click
While hovering the mouse pointer over an item on the screen, quickly
press the left mouse button two times.
By double clicking, you are usually prompting the computer to take an
action on the item you selected
40
Cont…
41. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
7. Select Item or Icon
Press and hold down a mouse button (usually the left button).
As you hold down the button, move the mouse in any
direction.
Click and drag is a method used when “highlighting” or
“selecting” text.
To do this to text, click at the beginning of the text that you
want to select, hold down the left mouse button, and move
your mouse to the end of where you want to highlight.
41
Cont…
42. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Turning the Computer ON and OFF
Turning the Computer ON
On a desktop computer, there
will be a power button to turn
ON the computer.
Similarly, there will be a power
button on the monitor to turn
ON the monitor.
These buttons are usually on the
front of the computer and the
monitor.
42
43. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Follow the procedures below to turning the computer ON:
Push the power button on the computer (system unit)
You will see some lights near the power button come on, these are
the lights to show you that the computer is running.
Push the power button on the monitor (if it is not ON)
A green light will show on the monitor
43
Cont…
44. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Turning the Computer OFF
Follow the procedures below to shutdown the computer that allows
the computer to properly store files.
Click on the start button at the bottom left of the screen.
From the start menu choose Shut down.
In the dialog box that opens, select Shut down (if it isn't already pre-
selected).
Click on the OK button.
Wait until the monitor turns black and the computer is no longer
making a humming noise.
Lastly, turn off the computer monitor by pressing the power button on
the monitor.
44
Cont…
45. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Introduction MicrosoftWindows
45
MicrosoftWindows
It is the operating system that is installed on most computers.
Desktop
It is the first screen you see on the monitor when the computer
starts up
It is sometimes referred to as The Desktop Environment.
The desktop environment is made up of several parts including:
Desktop Icons(Computer , Network and Recycle Bin etc…..)
TheTask Bar
The Start Button
NotificationArea(SystemTry)
46. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201746
Shows the disk drives and hardware connected to this
computer
Accessed the computer and the device are that are on the
network
Contain File and Folder that you have deleted
Cont…
47. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201747
C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Notification area or SystemTry
Show Desktop
Cont…
48. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201748
C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Notification area or SystemTry
Show Desktop
Cont…
The area at the very bottom of the
computer screen
To help you keep things organized
Taskbar
49. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201749
C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Notification area or SystemTry
Show Desktop
Cont…
Start Button
Located on the lower left hand
corner of your screen (on the
taskbar)
Used to access all of the programs
on the computer so you can “start”
them.
50. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201750
C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Notification area or SystemTry
Show Desktop
Cont…
Quick Lunch
Used to Quickly access different
programs.
51. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201751
C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Notification area or SystemTry
Show Desktop
Cont…
Notification area or SystemTry
Found at the right end of the taskbar.
It can give you quick access to changing
your computer's volume, display
properties, or mouse settings.
It also displays the current time and date.
52. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201752
C C
Start Button
Quick Lunch
Taskbar
Notification area or SystemTry
Show Desktop
Cont…
Show Desktop
Used to Minimized all open files
and folder
53. 53
Working inWindows
53
A Window is a rectangle on your screen that organizes how
you
view and work in specific programs or
view files on your computer.
Elements of a window:
Title Bar
Menu Bar
Status Bar
Scroll Bar
Minimize Button
Maximize Button
Close Button
62. Operation Sheet #1
1. Start computer
2. Shutdown Computer
3. Click On computer icon
4. Open DocumentWindow
5. Minimize DocumentWindow
6. Maximized DocumentWindow
7. Close DocumentWindow
8. Drag recycle bin icon and Drop Icon
9. Select all icon on the Desktop
10. Drag Selected Icon and Drop
11. Pointing On Start Button
12. Open Paint ProgramThen DrawTriangle, Rectangle and Ellipse shade
13. Open Paint ProgramThen Draw Ethiopian Flag and Oromia Flag
14. Finally Show your work for your trainer
62
64. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
LO2: ACCESS BASIC SYSTEM INFORMATION
64
Insert User name and password as prompted and noted
access, privacy, security and related conditions of use displayed
on introductory screens
Navigate Operating system to access system information to
identify system configuration and application versions in
operation
Use On-line help functions as required
65. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Access privacy, security of user name and password
65
What is a Security?
On a network, protection of a computer system and its data from
harm or loss, implemented especially so that only authorized users can
gain access to shared files.
What is a User?
A person who uses a computer. If the computer is connected to a network,
a user can access the programs and files on the computer, as well as
programs and files located on the network (depending on account
restrictions determined by the network administrator).
66. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
66
What is a user account?
A user account is a collection of information that tells Windows
which files and folders you can access, what changes you can
make to the computer, and your personal preferences, such as
your desktop background or screen saver.
User accounts let you share a computer with several people, while
having your own files and settings. Each person accesses his or
her user account with a user name and password.
67. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont….
67
There are three types of accounts. Each type gives users a
different level of control over the computer:
1. Standard accounts are for everyday computing.
2. Administrator accounts provide the most control
over a computer, and should only be used when
necessary.
3. Guest accounts are intended primarily for people who
need temporary use of a computer.
68. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont….
68
How to create user account
To open user accounts, click Start, and then click Manage
Create a new user account
To rename a user account
To delete a user account
To change the password for a user
To disable or activate a user account
To modify a user account
How to create user account
To open user accounts, click Start, and then click Control Panel.
Double-click user account
69. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Operating system
69
What is an Operating System?
Is a computer program that manages the hardware and software
resources of a computer.
It Co-ordinates the activity between the user and the computer.
Through OS you can tell the computer to run a program, to
type your letter, and to store and retrieve the data you work
with the computer.
70. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
The OS performs basic tasks such as:
70
Controlling and allocating Memory.
Prioritizing system requests.
Controlling input and output devices.
Make Easy NetworkingAnd Managing Files.
It also may provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
for higher level functions.
71. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Types of Operating Systems
71
1. SingleTasking OS(CLI)
2. Multi-Tasking OS(GUI)
72. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont….
72
1. SingleTasking OS
Only one program can be run on the computer at a
time.
Example: MS-DOS
TO START MS DOS,
Click Start button Click Run Type cmd Click OK.
Click Start button All Programs Accessories
Click Command Prompt.
73. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
MS DOS Commands
73
The following are MS Dos Commands.
I. Internal Commands:
Dir …………………….Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a
directory
Ver………….………….Displays the version of the operating system.
Cls ……………………..Clears the screen
Date ……………………Displays or sets the date
Time ……………………Displays or sets the system time.
Ren ………………..……Renames a file or folders.
CD …………………..….Specifies that you want to change to the parent
directory
RD …………….…………Removes (deletes) a directory
MD………………...…… Makes (Creates) a directory
Copy………………..…... Copies one or more files to another location
Type ………………...…..Displays the contents of a text file or files
74. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont….
74
II. External Commands:
Xcopy …………………Copies files and directory trees
Edit…………………….Opens MS DOS editor.
fdisk ………………….Partition Hard disk for use with Windows
98.
format……………….. Formats a disk for use withWindows.
Diskcopy …………….Copies the contents of one floppy disk to
another
Doskey ………………Edits command lines, recalls Windows
2000 commands, and creates macros
CHKDSK …………… Checks a disk and displays a status report
Scandisk…………….Same as CHKDSK.
Comp …………………Compares the contents of two files of
sets of files..
75. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont….
75
2. Multi-Tasking OS
Designed to run more that one program at a time.
Example: MS-Windows (Win 95,Win 98,Win NT, Win 2000,
WinXP,W7.W8,W10).
Multi-User OS
Used in large companies to connect a number of computers
(workstations), to a Server so that Server's CPU is shared by all
of the workstations.
76. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
System Information
76
System Information collects and displays system
configuration information for local and remote
computers.
This includes information about
1. Hardware configurations
2. Computer components, and
3. Software, including signed drivers and unsigned drivers.
77. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
77
When support technicians troubleshoot your system
configuration, they require specific information about your
computer. You can use System Information to quickly find the
information that these technicians need to resolve a system
problem.
System Information saves data files in a native (.nfo) format.
You can also open .cab and .xml files in System
Information.
79. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
LO3: Navigate and Manipulate desktop environment
79
Create and customize desktop icons
Select, open and close to access application programs
desktop icons
Manipulate and desktop return to original conditions
application windows
80. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Introduction
80
Navigate and manipulate desktop environment deals with
creation of desktop icons, using icons to access application
windows and manipulating application windows
81. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
1. Desktop icons
81
Icons: icons are little pictures that represent objects,
such as files or actions such as menu commands the user
can initiate an action by double-clicking on the icon
Program icon: A graphic symbol representing an
application or document .double click on the icon to start
the application associated with it
82. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
2. Manipulation of application windows
82
Application Window: contains a running application.
Application windows have menu bars and may also contain
one or more document window
Document window: contains a document used by an
application. Generally, document windows appear within
application windows and are often referred to child
windows
83. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Windows Component
83
Title bar
Displayed along the top of all most all program, folder and
display box windows.
Maximize, Minimize, Restore and Close Buttons
To close a windows using keyboard
PressAlt+F4
85. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
85
To minimize all program windows simultaneously
-Right click on empty part of theTask bar
- select show the desktop
To reverse the effect of minimize all windows
-Right click on empty part ofTaskbar
-select Undo show Open windows
Scroll bar: Allows movement of text and graphics within windows
86. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201786
Window Borders: the area framing the window.
Control icon: All windows have control icons
Dialog box: Allow you to enter text in to the dialog box
Text box:Allow you to enter text in to the dialog box
List box: Select from the list of option
Scroll buttons: Drag up or down to move the window
display
Cont…
87. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201787
Scroll bar: used to move up or down through the contents of
a window
Dropdown list: A list of option from which items can be
selected
Check box and Radio button
Check box allows the selection of one or more items
Radio button allows only one a single selection
Cont…
88. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Desktop icons(Practical Section)
88
To add a desktop icon
To rename a desktop icon
To arrange your desktop icons
To customize a background color
To put a shortcut icon on the desktop
To turn off the desktop icon grid
89. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Rename Icon
89
Method 1
Right click on icon
Then click on rename
Then type name
Method 2
Select icon
Then press from keyboard F2
Then type name
90. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Manipulation of application windows
90
Window components
Opening aWindow
Resize an OpenWindow
Moving aWindow
Displaying All OpenWindows
Arrange all open windows
Minimizing aWindow
Maximizing aWindow
Restoring aWindow
Closing aWindow
91. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
LO4:- Organize basic director/folder
structure and files
91
Create and name directories and subdirectories
Identify attributes of directories.
Move subdirectories between directories
Rename directories as required.
Accesses directories and subdirectories via different
paths
92. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Introduction
92
This Presentation briefly defines director, folder and their
attributes and how to move directories and also brief sub or
child directories/folder
Folder
A container for programs and files in graphical user interfaces,
symbolized on the screen by a graphical image (icon) of a file
folder.
A folder is a means of organizing programs and documents
on a disk and can hold both files and additional folders.
Folder is a directory in windows environments
93. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Cont…
93
The Root Directory is the top of the directory hierarchy
for a drive.
Directories and subdirectories form a structure called
Directory tree. Suppose you want to keep letters and minutes
of the different units of Addis Ababa University (AAU)
separately you can then create subdirectories in the following
format
97. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 201797
All directories except the root directory are
subdirectories; however they are commonly called directories.
To understand the relationship between two or more
directories, the term parent & child directories are used.
For example, the root directory is the parent director of the
subdirectories FACULITY,finance and ADMINST.
FINANCE is the parent directory of PAYROLL, and
PURCHASE on the other hand PAYROLL and PURCHASE are
called child directories of FINANCE.
Cont…
98. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
LO5:- Organize files for user and/or
organization requirements
98
Use system browser to search drives for specific files
Accesses most commonly used types of files in the directories.
Select, open and rename groups of files as required
Move files between directories.
Copy files to disks.
Restore deleted files as necessary.
Erase and format disks as necessary.
99. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Use system browser to search drivers
99
Search for a file or folder/To search the Internet
100. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
Accessing commonly used files
100
To show your most recently used documents on the
Start menu
101. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
LO6: Print information
101
Add Printers if required and ensured to have
correct printer settings(layout, paper size,
paper tray, cartridge type, number of copies,
orientation)
Change Default printer if appropriate.
Print Information from an installed printer
102. Prepared By:Abenezer A. Nov, 2017
LO7:- Operate application software
102
Create Documents and customize basic settings
to meet page layout conventions.
Format Document and create tables.
Add Images and use mail merge
Select Basic print settings and print documents.