bamboo in modern architecture

1. BAMBOO IN MODERN
ARCHITECTURE

2. NEED OF STUDY
Currently building technology and sustainable design are considered as fundamental to the growing
field of contemporary architecture. Practicing architects have a challenging responsibility to design
buildings that are environmentally sustainable with the change in the global concern regarding the use
of energy and resources .This new responsibility has prompted a sensible shift in trend from a biased
preference of eye-catching institutionalized building form stomore organic, humble, yet energy
efficient vernacular forms. Additionally, the local forms of construction capitalize on the users’
knowledge of how buildings can be effectively designed to promote Modern architecture using
bamboo as a building material.

3. • Aim
• This research ventures to serve the purpose of awareness to common people
the new construction strategies and methods of bamboo construction and how
technologies has improved the ancient traditional methods.
• OBJECTIVES
• Understanding modern techniques in bamboo structure
• Understanding why a material in bamboo is incorporate with modern architecture

4. • METHODOLOGY
• RESEARCH PROBLEM This paper intends to study the scope of
as a construction material in present architecture, which may account to a
scope in coming future where there is a shortage in materials.
• BACKGROUNG STYUDY Understanding bamboo construction in
modern architecture.
• CASE STUDY To investigate and study the modern techniques and
methodologies used in bamboo architecture and there existing condition.

5. • ANALYSIS To analyse the collected information and the analysis of the
technical efficiency and skill.
• IDENTIFICATION Identifying the adaptable techniques to the present
and future constructions.
• CONCLUSION Understanding the relevance in present scenario
LYSIS

6. SCOPE
• Most of the bamboo community knows the construction technology and
preservation techniques. If financial help is provided they can build reasonably safe
buildings for themselves with little training on latest technology interventions
• Rationing of bamboos can be implemented in areas of short supply and high prices.
Bamboo depots should be established by the government in convenient locations
so that people can buy bamboos easily can get bamboo easily.

7. • Bamboo should be included in the housing schemes by the state governments as a
major construction material, thereby upgrading the status of bamboo houses.
Economical treatment of bamboo for construction should be popularized. Some
prototype bamboo houses suitable for local conditions and climate can be
constructed to popularize it among the people.
• If there is a hike in number of bamboo buildings there should be increase in
bamboo cultivation in wasteland owned by government so the cost of bamboo
reduces

8. • LIMITATIONS
• Fire Rating: Susceptibility to fire is another limiting factor in the use of whole
bambooculms in buildings. Engineered bamboo is a solution to this problem, but it
is unaffordable to the majority of clients
• Jointing Systems: Owing to the round shape, jointing is very difficult and
cumbersome in bamboo. The reduction of diameter along the length is another
limiting factor. Various types of engineered and tested jointing systems with
appropriate materials need to be developed for effective structural load
and transfer.

9. • Conical form of bamboo: Bamboo reduces in diameter and weight along its length.
With an approximately hollow circular transverse section with varying density in
both directions, bamboo is a unique and difficult material to design with. Use of
engineered bamboo, bamboo composites and prefabrication- Though whole
bamboo has been and can be used in construction for many types of buildings, for
bamboo to be established in the building sector as a mainstream material, we need
to use it as composite construction with other materials and an large scale usage of
engineered and prefabricated bamboo based components.
• Splitting Behaviour of bamboo: Most common failure is splitting in longitudinal
direction. These failures are usually due to tension, compression and flexure loads in
bolted connections and also from drying. It is a technical and practical necessity and
needs to be fully addressed.

10. • Hygroscopic nature of bamboo: The main deterrent for bamboo to be used as
reinforcement in place of steel is its water absorbing capacity. The swelling and then
shrinking of bamboo in concrete results in micro and macro cracks.
• Small spans of bamboo buildings: For a medium size building, a span of 3-4 meters
is generally considered suitable and economical even for steel reinforcement.
• Building industry in India is still an unorganized sector and hence even conventional
buildings are very poorly implemented.

11. LITERATURE CASESTUDY 1
• GREEN SCHOOL BALI
Green School (Bali) - private and international pre-
kindergarten to high school. Location- along the Ayung
River nearUbud, Bali, Indonesia. An educational village
community amongst the jungle and rice fields of bali, to
spread their sustainable unselfish message through an
alternative education system to locals and foreigners
INTRODUCTION

13. CONCEPT OF STUDY
Design strategies throughout the assembly of the components that make up the
entire campus. the design of the ‘heart of green school’ finds itself anchored
three lineally located nodes from which all other programmatically elements
in a spiralling organization. At each anchor point, interweaving bamboo light
columns span the full height of the structure ending in a wooden ring framing a
skylight with intricately decorated vertical bar of a window. A fluid helical thatch
stems from each main vertical support corkscrewing to allow light to reach every
space, with deep overhangs to protect the open air interior. Three main staircases
serve three floors with multi-functional areas and varying levels of privacy to
accommodate the various activities.

14. SITE AND CONTEXT
Several rice fields, gardens, a fish pond and compost toilets allow the institution
itself to become a teacher of sustainability for the village. International and
artists who visit often times organize activities in which the structure and spaces
decorated, and in asense designed by the students; a harp was even installed on
several of the wood columns converting them into musical instruments for anyone
to play, making the entire construct an integrative experience directly resonating
with its educational principles.

15. SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
Bamboo plays a very special role at the Green School since everything is made of
bamboo. The Heart of School, or the main building which houses the admin
the library and several classrooms, is comprised of three bamboo vortexes which
seem to melt together in perfect harmony. The Green School is built upon steep
terrains, so the architecture is a part of, not apart from the context. The overall
to urges a sense of exploration and cohabitation with nature

16. LITERATURE CASESTUDY 2
EARTHEN SCHOOL
INTRODUCTION
The construction of the school‘s extension has been coordinated to match the
capabilities of local craftsmen so that they are able to build within the local context.
During implementation, the participating craftsmen are trained as specialists in the
improved building system. In the long-term, TSM plans to expand its activities in
area of vocational training, and to become a contact partner in the region for this
purpose.

18. DESIGN CONCEPT
The new school building consists of the required eight classrooms and the
service areas. The classrooms are located in two separate earthen structures. A
bamboo bearing structure is located between them and in front of them, which
supports the staircase, service areas, and the free study room. The classes in the
ground floor feature large window niches with a seating bench directed towards
the south. The balcony in the first floor features benches made of bamboo to
provide additional seating surfaces. The veranda on the north side is relatively
and orients itself visually towards the arcade featured by the existing structures.

21. DESIGN PROCESS
New construction of a school featuring eight classrooms consisting of earth and
bamboo in Jar Maulwi, Pakistan
– Two floors: heavy earth cube on ground floor and light bamboo
Design on top floor
–Earthquake and flood-resistant design
– Continued development of local building traditions, e.g. ‚cobwork‘
– Increased permanency via a moisture-resistant foundation,
Horizontal barrier and protection against termites
– Cooperation with local architects
– Implementation with local craftsmen who have been trained in the
Altered techniques
– Implementation in two construction phases

22. DATA COLLECTION
RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION
COMPOSITE BAMBOO STRUCTURE BUILDING
• Bamboo is a kind of material with high strength and good mechanic properties.
In order to increase its utilizing efficiency and take full advantage of its
properties, researchers in Ningbo University introduce bamboo-steel composite
members and structure system, which compound Bamboo with cold-formed
steel, and make some correlative researches. Steel-Bamboo composite
is compounded of man-made bamboo plate and cold-formed thin-wall steel
adhesive or Adhesive-metal connector. The two components make up the
modern composite bamboo structure System through the reliable connection.
The combination of steel and bamboo makes the two Components work
together within the loading procedure. This structure system can greatly
• The utilizing efficiency of the materials and otherwise the combination makes it
easy to obtain Different section types, which can make full use of materials’
strength property like Hollow-shape, box and I-shape and avoid the cold-
steel yielding too earlier than the bamboo So as to complement of the
advantages of steel and bamboo.

23. STEEL-BAMBOO COMPOSITE MEMBERS
Steel - bamboo composite floors
Put profiled steel sheet between two bamboo woods and bond them with
adhesive or further Screwed to strengthen the integrity of the composite slabs. To
achieve better mechanical Properties with lower rate of section steel, here is
another way: put cold-formed thin -wall steel Between two bamboo woods at
certain intervals and bond the steel and bamboo woods with Adhesive, or both
adhesive and screws. Bamboo strips should be affixed to both sides of the steel in
order to improve the lateral stability of thin-walled steel. Studies have shown that
these two forms of composite slabs are both characterized with high bearing
capacity and high stiffness to meet the requirements of the building floor

24. Sandwich profiled steel sheet between two bamboo woods and bond them with
adhesive (Figure 2) to constitute a profiled steel sheet - bamboo plywood
composite wall; also thin-walled C-shaped steel can be used instead of profiled
steel sheet, but still they should be connected by Adhesive or adhesive-screws and
bamboo strips should be affixed to both sides of the steel to Improve the lateral
stability.
Steel - bamboo composite beam
Take two cold-formed thin-walled C steel as the skeleton and place the two back to
back. They are pasted in the two sides of bamboo plywood and the upper and
lower surface of composite Member are glued by bamboo plywood, thus
constituting the I-shaped section of steel-bamboo Composite beams

25. Steel - bamboo composite column be composed with rectangular cold-formed steel as
its skeleton surrounded by bamboo based Panel (Figure 4). Thin-walled steel wall can
be as thin as 1 ~ 2mm. So compared with the light steel, the amount of steel can be
greatly reduced, for the bending and flexural performance of thin-walled Steel can be
guaranteed due to the constraints of the bamboo.

26. TYPES OF BAMBOO USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

28. ROOFING
The roof of a building is possibly its most important component - this is what
defines a construction as a shelter. As such, it is required to offer protection against
extremes of weather including rain, sun and wind, and to provide clear, usable
space beneath its canopy. Above all, it must be strong enough to resist the
considerable forces generated by wind and roof coverings. In this respect bamboo
is ideal as a roofing material - it is strong, resilient and light-weight. The bamboo
structure of a roof can comprise “cut’ components - purlins, rafters and laths or
battens, or triangulated (trussed) assemblies. Bamboo, in a variety of forms, is also
used as a roof covering and for ceilings.
Roof structure Traditional roof construction
The simplest form of roof comprises a bamboo ridge purlin and eaves beams,
supported on the perimeter posts. Halved culms are then laid convex side down,
edge to edge, spanning from the ridge to the eaves. A second layer, convex side up,
is then laid to cover the joints. The maximum overall span using this method is
about 3 metres.

29. A variation on this is the use of whole culms, suitably spaced to accept
battens for tiles or thatch (see Roof covering). To extend the span, a
central post can be used. Beyond this, the options are almost infinite. A
selection of cross sections. Efficient jointing of components is a key
consideration

30. Trusses
Trusses offer a number of advantages over traditional forms of construction,
including more economic and efficient use of materials, the ability to span larger
distances, the use of shorter components (counteracting effects of bow, crook
taper) and the use of prefabrication. Much research and development has been
carried out in this area. This work has highlighted the relative weakness of the
and also of the bamboo in compression perpendicular to its length. In addition,
much of the deflection of a loaded truss has been found to be due to
at the joints.

31. • As with cut roofs, truss configurations are many and various. The King-post and
Fink are the simplest, readily spanning 4m using traditional jointing. Culm
diameters typically range from 40-l 00mm. Janssen (1995) has achieved an 8m
span using improved jointing

33. • The pitch of the truss should be at least 30° in areas of high rainfall .Truss
spacing’s are consistent with the use of bamboo purlins (2-3m). Needless to say,
for both cut and trussed types of roof, the applied loads must be considered and,
for trusses in particular, the design justified by test. In-plane stability is another
Primary consideration; this is usually provided by diagonal bracing members.
Roof covering Bamboo roof coverings can form an integral part of the structure,
as in the case of overlapping halved culms. More often, they are non-structural in
function. Examples include: Bamboo tiles Bamboo shingles Bamboo mats
corrugated bamboo roofing sheets plastered bamboo

34. CEILINGS
The provision of a ceiling can help to reduce heat radiation into the occupied space and
also induce a cooling airstream through the roof space. However, these advantages are
often offset by the need to disperse smoke from cooking fires, the reduction in headroom
and reduced air circulation within the occupied space. Whether or not a ceiling is installed
is therefore dependent upon local needs and customs. Ceilings can be made from small,
closely spaced culms, split or flattened bamboo, bamboo boards or bamboo mats in a
manner similar to that for floors (see Floors). Woven mat ceilings are sometimes applied as
sarking to the topside of the rafters or purlins, separated from the roof covering by
battens.

35. CONCLUSION
• Since time immemorial, bamboo has played an important role in the
development of mankind. It is used for a wide range of day-to-day purposes,
both as a woody material and as food. It has been the backbone of much of
world’s rural life and will remain so as the population increases.
• The properties as top grade building material and increased availability of
bamboo in our country makes it possible to use, bamboo in the field of
construction extensively. Its high valued utilization not only promotes the
economic development, but also saves forest resources to protect our
environment as a wood substitute.
• As an economic building material, bamboo’s rate of productivity and cycle of
annual harvest outstrips any other naturally growing resource, if today you
three or four structural bamboo plants, then in four or five years later you will
have mature clumps, and in eight years you will have enough mature material
build a comfortable, low cost house.

36. • Bamboo is a material that could shape the future of construction. As
bamboo is an eco-friendly building material the rate of pollution is very
low compared to other building materials in our present scenario. At the
present rate of using current building materials such as stone, laterite,
steel. … We would face a huge scarcity in the near future. As the
harvesting period is rather low and if needed we could increase the
production of the bamboo, thus reducing the scarcity of materials in
constriction.
• After the time period of the building made by bamboo we could recycle
the bamboo to make other useful products and also the bamboo is a bio
degradable material. At the present time the technology influencing the
construction field is vast, if there comes a time were the present building
materials becomes scarcer and scarcer we could use these technologies
to upgrade the bamboos building material quality.