Jayanu

1. TECHNICAL SEMINAR – 18CVS84 PRESENTATION
ON
“VERNACULAR ARCHITECURE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING”
Presented by:
Mr. JAYANTH M (1DB18CV011)
Under the Guidance of
Ms. MANJULARANI P
(ASSITANT PROFFESSOR)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Kumbalagodu, Mysore road, Bengaluru-74
1
Visvesvaraya Technological University
“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi 590018
2022-2023

2. Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
3. OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC
4. CONCLUSION
5. REFERENCES
2
2022-2023

3. 3
INTRODUCTION
2022-2023
It is a term used to categorize methods of construction which use locally available
resources and tradition to address local needs .
The term Vernacular is derived from Latin word ‘Vernaculus’ which means domestic,
native, indigenous .
In general , Vernacular architecture refers to the buildings which are using local
technology, craftsmanship and locally available building materials.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over time to reflect the environmental , cultural
and historical context in which it exists.

4. 4
2022-2023

5. 5
Literature survey
2022-2023

6. 6
Sl
no.
Title of the paper Publication Authors of
paper
Inference
1 Reviving
Vernacular by
implementing the
modern
technologies and
green building
strategies
2022 Ilma Nafees ,
Dania Irshad ,
Sameena
Parveen
• In this paper through discussions,
case study and analysis, they
concluded solutions which will help
in sustainable development of rural
areas by means of locally available
materials and native construction
techniques .
• They used jalis and courtyard for
better natural light and ventilation
for the areas like Rajasthan.
Environmental friendly materials
were traditionally used for
structures. The structures are
conducive and thermally
comfortable in the extreme weather
conditions and circular (oval) design
protects the structure from strong
winds and earthquakes.
2022-2023

7. 7
Sl
no.
Title of the paper Publication Authors of
paper
Inference
2 Application of
Contemporary
Architecture in the
Transfer Hub
High Land
Borobudur
Building
Civil
Engineering
and
Architecture
9(7): 2353-
2361, 2021
Andiyan
Andiyan,
Tita Cardiah
• In this paper Transfer Hub building
serves as a backbone for the
Borobudur Highland infrastructure.
Its modern architectural style adds
value in terms of vistas and modes of
transportation in the region.
Structuring the mass of the building
is necessary to prevent a monolithic
or single mass in a single parcel,
which may result in a gigantic figure
and block the view of another
building towards a specific item.
2022-2023

8. 8
Sl
no.
Title of the paper Publication Authors of
paper
Inference
3 An Overview Of
Vernacular
Architecture In
India
THINK INDIA
JOURNAL
ISSN:0971-
1260 Vol-22-
Issue-2019
Ar. Tania Bera • As the building industry consumes
major part of energy produced in the
world and contributes majorly to
world’s greenhouse gas emissions
that leads threat towards
sustainability to the human-being.
Sustainable development can be
achieved by architects, engineers,
town planners by working together
to produce green buildings.
• Energy efficiency and sustainability
are very well blended in Indian
traditional architecture since past.
Thus Indian vernacular architecture
is the world’s one of the most
beautiful styles of architecture.
2022-2023

9. 9
Sl
no.
Title of the paper Publication Authors of
paper
Inference
3 Vernacular
Architecture
Vernacular
Seismic
Culture
Chapter-
10.1201/b1
8856-4
2015
Gilberto Duarte
Carlos , Mariana
Correia
2022-2023

10. 10
Overview of Vernacular Architecture
• The use of local materials and the participation of the people leads to a holistic design
approach.
• The builders of these structures are unschooled in formal architectural design and their
work reflects the rich diversity of India's climate. Locally available building materials
and the India's climate.
• It has been estimated that worldwide close to 90 % of all building is vernacular ,
meaning that it is for daily use for ordinary local people and built by local craftsman.
• Vernacular architecture depicts the environmental , cultural and historical features of a
particular region and particular time period.

11. 11
Depending on the structural system , Vernacular buildings are divided into 3
categories :-
1) Kuchcha
A kuchcha is a building made of natural materials such as mud, grass, bamboo, thatch and
sticks . It does not provide much strength or durability to structure and requires continuous
and heavy maintenance .
2) Pukka
A pukka is a structure made from materials resistant to wear , such as forms of stone or brick,
clay tiles , metal or other durable materials , sometimes using mortar to bind , that does not
need to be constantly maintained or replaced . However, such structures are expensive to
construct as the materials are costly and more labor is required . A pukka may be elaborately
decorated in contrast to a kuchcha .

12. 12
3) Semi pukka
It is a combination of both kuchcha and pukka style. The Semi pukka has evolved as villagers
have acquired the resources to add elements constructed of the durable materials
characteristics of pukka. Architecture as always organically as the need and resources of
people changes.

13. 13
Influences on the vernacular
Vernacular architecture is influenced by a great range of different aspects of human
behaviour and environment, leading to differing building forms for almost every different
context. Even neighboring villages may have subtly different approaches to the
construction and use of their dwellings , even if they at first appear the same.
Regional variation :-
• Building material depends on location .
• In hilly areas rocky rubble, ashlar, mud mortar to form walls.
• Houses on hills usually have two stories with the livestock living on the ground floor.
• The roof is pitched to deal with the monsoon season and house may sit on raised plinths
or bamboo poles to cope with floods.
• On flat lands the houses are generally made of mud or sun baked bricks and then
plastered inside out.

14. 14

15. 15
Construction materials
• The availability of local building materials has a great contribution in the development of
vernacular construction .
• Generally the following local resources are commonly used for construction :
 Mud is used for vernacular construction in rural areas where it is easily available.
 Adobe stores thermal mass and has optimal heating transfer features for heating in the
summer and cooling in winter.
 Wood is used extensively in Kashmir , Kerala and many other regions of the country since
past.
 Treated bamboo is used for construction of house in the form of bamboo mat walling
between bamboo columns plastered with cement on both sides.
 In the hilly regions , stone is the main construction material as it is locally available in
different shapes , sizes , colors and textures, highly durable , easy recyclables requires low
maintenance .

16. 16
 In modern buildings, stones are coming in the form of façade treatment, decorative patterns
carved in stones are also used as an aesthetic feature in modern construction .
 Compressed cement stabilized earth blocks are used for the walls in Bhunga houses of
Kutch region , Gujarat . Here , walls are made with Adobe mud blocks placed between the
fly ash brick columns.
Planning concept
• The form of a building plan is correlated with the cultural , historical background and
planning traditions of a particular region .
• The concept may be discussed in
 Macro level : focuses on planning and architectural detailing.
 Micro level : describes art and architectural detailing.

17. 17
• Vastu – purusa manadala is followed generally in case of residential building plan .
• Generally , three main types of shapes that has been found in plans of traditional buildings
 Circular plan
 Rectangular plan
 Linear plan

18. 18
Vernacular elements
Following elements are prominent in vernacular architecture :
• Water
• Day light
• Natural vegetation
• Local building material
• Local technology
 Most of the historical buildings were constructed based on the vernacular principles
ensuring day lighting , natural ventilation.
 Use of water bodies in the form of canals , pool or fountains etc. is found in open spaces .
This technology helps to modify the harsh climatic impacts in hot and dry climate.
 Jalis
 were used in many religious buildings such as mosques and royal palaces to allow day
light and air movement.

19. 19
Vernacular architecture in India
 Vernacular architecture is responsive to the climate , culture and socio- economic
conditions of a specific region.
 Hence , India is a country with diversified climatic and socio – cultural conditions.
 Each region has its own identity with climate responsive building design in the form of
vernacular architecture.
In Hot and dry climate zone
 The zone lies in the north – western part of India , namely Jaisalmer , Jodhpur and Thar
desert.
 This region is flat , sandy and rocky ; and sparsely vegetated with cacti thorny bushes .
Due to low humidity the climate is dry here.
 During summers , winds blowing are very hot and sand storms are also common in this
zone.