Meaning, Definition, adapted physical education, types activities

1. ADAPTED
PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
Dr. S.Akila,
B.Sc.,B.P.Ed.,M.P.Ed, M.Sc(Yoga), M.Sc(Psy), B.Ed(MR).,
PGDFM, PGDYE,PGDCD, PGDSO, C.NIS(BB).,
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education,
Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641046.

2. DEFINITION
Adapted physical education
is a diverse program of
developmental activities,
exercises, games, rhythms
and sports designed
to meet the unique
physical education
needs of individuals

3.  1838 – Perkins school for visually handicapped in
Boston - compulsory recreation – gymnastics
exercise and swimming.
 1900 – Medical oriented gymnastics and drill -
Preventive-developmental and corrective in nature
 1930’s – Shift to sports centered physical education,
games, sports, rhythmic activities calisthenics
 1950’s – Diversity in program
 1952 – AAPHERD-a diversified program of
developmental activities, sports and rhythms suited
to the interests, capacities and limitation of students
with disabilities.
History of Adapted Physical
Education

4. CONT….
 1962’s – more humanistic - Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
launched a project on Recreation and Fitness for the
mentally retarded individuals
 1968 – Establishment of Special Olympics - National
Institute of Mental Health, U.S. Public Health
services – Physical activity for the well being of
those with emotional problems
 1924 – First international silent games competitions
 1976 – United States Association for Blind athletes
 1950 - Wheel chair competitions
 1960 – designed as Paralympics
 1980 – Olympics for the disabled

5. INDIVIDUALS WITH
UNIQUE NEEDS
 Intellectually Challenged
 Hearing impaired
 Visually impaired
 Speech impaired
 Orthopedically handicapped
 Behavioral disorder
 Persons with multiple disabilities

6. Agencies promoting
sports for the Disabled
Special Olympics -MR
Paralympics – VI,OH,MR
Deaflympics – HI

7. Intellectual Disability
refers to significantly
sub average (IQ<70)
general intellectual
functioning existing
concurrently with deficits in
adaptive behavior and
manifested during the
developmental period.

8. Categories
MENTALLY CHALLENGED=IQ<70
 Mild (IQ=50-69)
 Moderate (IQ=35-49)
 Severe (IQ=20-34)
 Profound (IQ<20)

9. Characteristics
 Low cognitive level
 Low physical and motor
characteristics
 Disproportionate body, Overweight

10. ACTIVITIES
 Individual rather than team activities
 Activities involving music
 Activities requiring little emphasis on
strategy, rules or memorizing
 Gross motor movement rather than fine
motor
 Special Olympics – the mission of special
Olympics is to provide year round sports
and competition in a variety of Olympic
type sport for all children and adults with
mental retardation

11. Learning disability
Specific learning disability means a
disorder in one or more of the basic
psychological process involved in
understanding or in using language, spoken or
written which may manifest itself in an
imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read,
write, spell or do mathematical calculation
Problem within
- the child
- the curriculum
- inability in teaching

12. Motor behavior
 Above average in motor
performance – 12% normal
 Deficit in tasks requiring balance,
perceptual motor development, hand
control and speed
 Suggested practice :
 Repeated routine
 Slow movement exercise
 Environment not distracting
 Use visual and verbal clues
 Adapt less competitive team games
 More cooperative games

13. Behavioral disorder
 Emotionally disturbed
 Socially maladjusted
 Behavior disordered
 Characteristics:
hyperactive-distractive
aggressive - withdrawn

14. Physical education and Sports
 Deficiency in physical and motor
proficiency
 Below average perceptual motor ability
 10 minutes jogging- reduce
disrupted behavior
 Ball play – better response
 Relaxation techniques – listening music,
yoga, meditation…
 Simple rule games
 fewer skill games
 non body contact games

15. Visual impairment
 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
o postural deviation
o unusual head position
o low physical fitness
o lack of opportunity
 METHODS AND ACTIVITIES :
 Auditory cues – buzzer, tin, bell
 e.g.. Throwing a ball direction
placement accuracy
 Activities not heavily dependent on
visual input
 Folk dance-rope jumping-tug of war-
bowling – jogging with partner

16. Visual impairment
Categories
Totally blind
Legally blind
Partially sighted (Low
vision)

17.  Kinesthetic cues
 A scale model with movable joints
 Conveying relative body position
 Using different surfaces –playing area- mat
–rope
 Enhance visual cues()
• bright, contrast &
multi colored ball.
 Auditory cues:
 Sound balls, anklets, bells
 Modified rules:
 wire lane markers in lane
 allowing touching crossbar
 no jump in balance beam
 music direction
 tapping during turn in swimming

18. Hearing impairment
TYPES:
 Deaf- total loss
 Hard of hearing- less severity & able
to hear with hearing aid
BY NATURE:
 Gradual hearing impairment
 Sudden hearing impairment

19. Categories
 Mild- moderate = 20-35dB
 Moderate hearing loss= 55-70dB
 Severe hearing loss =70-90dB
 Severe- profound =90dB
(normal = 10-20dB)

20. Orthopedic impairment
 Cerebral palsy-damage to the motor
control area of the brain
 Amputations – loss of an entire limb
or segment
 Muscular dystrophy – difficult in
walking

21. Categories
 Amputee
 Polio
 Dwarfism
 Wheel chair athletes

22. Physical Activities
 Muscular strength and endurance activities
 Breathing exercises
 Aquatic exercises
 Dance movement
 Wheel chair activities
 Upper limb movements for wheel chair
Postural exercises
 Tests – flexion,extension,abduction
adduction

23. Cerebral palsy
 Brain disorder
 With MR
 Without MR
 Prone to Multiple disabilities

24. Classification
 Diplegeic – any two limbs
 Hemiplegic-two on same side
 Paraplegic-lower limbs
 Quadriplegic-all 4 limbs affected

25. Development aspects of Adapted
Physical Education
 Physical Fitness :”The ability to carry
out daily tasks with vigor and
alertness, without undue fatique and
with ample energy to enjoy leisure
time pursuits and to meet unusual
situations and unforeseen
emergencies”
 Components : Strength,
speed,endurance, flexibility, body
composition,agility

26. Physical activities
 Weightloss : swimming,walking.bicycling
jogging whole body activity
 Active - Assistive –mat activities –
isokinetic – cumulative running
 Motor development sequence:
 simple to complex
 isolated to coordinated
 head to foot
 gross movement to precise movement

27. Body mechanics and Posture
 Strengthen the muscles used to pull
 Stretch and lengthen the muscles
 Exercise twice a day
 Exercises:
• upper back-
 Swimming stroke
 various arm lifts
 hanging
 bending exercise
• lower back –
 Sit-up - pelvic tilt
 Bicycling – leg lifts
 knee tuck

28. Elementary games and Activities
 Modifying games of low organisation :
tag games-cooperative games –
musical hoop- nonelimination games
 Remedial exercises : relaxation – the
imagery – yoga – deep breathing
 Flexibility exercises:
 head rotation-arm circles- trunk
rotation – leg lifts – elephant walk –
walking on heels and toes – toe
circles

29. Muscular Strength and endurance
exercises
 Medicine ball throw
 Modified push up
 Crab walk
 Tug of war
 Heel raise
 Bent knee sit ups

30. Cardiorespiratory endurance
 Inverted cycling
 Bench stepping
 Rope skipping
 On the spot jogging
 Jumping jack
 Tag games
 Aerobic dance

31. Breathing exercises
 Forward bend – breathe out
 raise – inhale
 Chest expander – supine position
 Baloon keep up
 Pingpong soccer
 Lights out

32.  Yoga for the special needs

33. Special Olympics

34. Abilympics
 Vocational skill competitions
 Not sports
 Sir Harry Fang
 1972 japan association of
employment for the disabled
 First abilympics held at tokyo
 Aim – improve vocational abilities and
reach highest potential
 Showcasing abilities and not
disabilities

35. India blind sports association
 April 1986 – initiation of blind relief
association of Delhi
 Non profit body
 Recognized by Indian Olympic
association
 Affiliated to the International blind
sports federation
 Affiliated to Paralympic committee of
India

36. All India Chess federation for
the BLIND - AICFB
 Founded in 1997
 Affiliated to international Braille chess
association
 Head quarters Mumbai
 World chess championships –12 times
 Asian chess champ- org – Dec2003

37. Paralympic association - IPC
 Multi sport event – range of
disabilities
 OH, VI, MR
 Impaired passive range of movement
 Impaired muscle power
 Limb deficiency
 Leg length difference
 Short stature
 Hypertonia, Ataxia, athetosis
 Vision impairment and ID

38.  VI – partial vision, legally blind,
totally blind
 Winter and summer Paralympic
 Immediately after Olympic games
 British world war 2 veterans – 1948
 Largest international sports
 Classification

39. Creative arts for the visually
impaired
 Elisabeth Saizhauer axel founder and
executive director- Art education for
the blind (AEB)in 1987
 Mission is to make art, history and
visual culture.
 Museum visit

40. THANK YOU