The future scientists symposium 2017 nigeria

The Future Scientists Symposium 2017
May 29 – 31, 2017
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo
State, Nigeria
Book of Abstracts
Nnanake-Abasi O. OFFIONG
Centre for Energy & Environmental Sustainability Research, University of Uyo, Uyo,
Nigeria
Abiodun Atoyebi AJIBOLA
Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Idara N. OBOTOWO
Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Sampson D. UMOH
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
Chukwuebuka ThankGod ONYEMA
Department of Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Joseph E. UWADIALE
Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Nigeria
Joshua A. OBALEYE
Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Folahan A. ADEKOLA
Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Edu J. INAM
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Funmi ADEKUNLE
Associate Professor, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
Oluwayemi Olanike Esther ONAWUMI
Professor, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
Editorial Board Members:
Scientific Advisory Team:

The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
i
Preface
The intention to host Future Scientists Symposium 2017 as a student focused activity in
Nigeria was proposed and graciously approved by the American Chemical Society
through its Office of Undergraduate Programs. It was designed as a follow-up to the
Africa Young Talents of Chemical Sciences Program held in Abuja in 2015 and organized
as a collaborative activity by four chemical societies: American Chemical Society (ACS),
the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), the Federation of African Societies of Chemistry
(FASC) and the Chemical Society of Nigeria (CSN). The aim was primarily to advance
research skills of younger scientists within the chemical science discipline. This will
help us achieve sustainability in our national chemistry enterprise.
In cooperation with notable experts and several universities in Nigeria, the symposium
held on the theme titled Research for Sustainable Development in Nigeria and was
hosted by the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo
State, Nigeria between May 29 and 31, 2017.
The abstracts from the topics discussed during the symposium were collated into this
book. Accepted abstracts that were not presented are watermarked RETRACTED. The
publication also contains speeches, addresses and presentation abstracts of the
Keynote, Plenary and Guest Speakers. We sincerely hope that this symposium creates a
robust platform for learning, exchange of knowledge, skills demonstration, networking,
mentorship and collaboration amongst participants.
It is worthy to mention that abstracts collated in this publication were carefully
reviewed and selected by a team of editors. However, the views expressed are entirely
those of the authors and not necessarily the position of the ACS or its affiliated members
in Nigeria. Also, the publication of abstracts containing names of products does not
imply its promotion.
The Editorial Team wishes you a rewarding reading.
Editorial Team

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Table of Contents
S/N Title & Authors Page
Plenary 1 Research in Chemical Sciences in Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward
Olusegun A. Odunola
1
Plenary 2 Research Ethics, Plagiarism and Innovative Computer Applications for Brazen Chemistry
Research
O. Atolani
2
Plenary 3 Global Chemists’ Code of Ethics: Challenges and Solution
Joshua Ayoola OBALEYE
3
PHY001 Theoretical design of phenothiazine-based sensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells
Idara N. Obotowo, Ime B. Obot, Okon U. Abakedi
4
ENV002 Attenuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil
Using Sewage Sludge-derived Biochar Amended with Humic Acid
Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong, Edu Inam, Nsikak Abraham, Opeyemi Fatunla
5
ENV003 Adsorption of AV 19 onto banana peel impregnated nanoscale manganese
Solomon E. SHAIBU, Efiong Nsinem Eyo and Victor F. Ekpo
6
ENV004 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination arising from primitive e-waste recycling
in Aba Metropolis, Nigeria
Chisom M. Obasi, Nkechi H. Okoye, Uche E. Ekpunobi, Rosemary U. Arinze
7
ENV005 Characterization and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of methylene blue on
activated bone char
John B. Edet, Edu J. Inam, Ubong J. Etim, Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong
8
IND006 Phytochemical, anti-nutritional and toxicity assessment of Moringa oleifera seeds, stem
bark and leaves using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) assay
Obi C. Bright and Oluwaniyi O. Omolara
9
INORG007 Coordinative interaction of chitosan-azo dyes towards selected first row transition
metals
Onome Ejeromedoghene, Sheriff Adewuyi
10
PHY008 Kinetics of ethanol effect on iron content of ashed cow liver
Magu, Thomas Odey; Sunday, Esther Aniedi; Louis, M. Hilter andUgi, U. Benedict
11
PHYT009 Synergistic effect of phytochemical extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and lantana
camara .L leaves in the formulation of muscle pain restorative ointment
Obiora Joy.O., Onu John C. and Ezeike Amarachi K.
12
POLY010 Production of Soap from Raffia Palm Fruit Seeds (Raphia hookeri) and Calabash Gourds
Ashes (Crescentia cujete)
Esther A. Sunday, A. U. Israel, Magu T. Odey
13
PHY011 Stability investigations on Cu(II) and Mn(II) compounds of 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-
1,2,4-triazine-4,4′-disulfonic acid using quantum chemical methods
Abidoye, Damilola Ezekiel, Jeje Oyeyinka Felicia and SEMIRE, Banjo
14
ORG012 Evaluation of nutritional composition and bioactive components of matured corn silk
(Zea Mays hair)
Habu Christopher, Zakari Ladan, O.A. Babatunde
15
ANYL013 Statistical analysis, parameters' effects and optimization of colour removal from real
textile wastewater using modified sawdust of Parkia biglobosa
Abdulsalam K., Giwa A.,Oladipo M., Arinkoola A.
16
PHY014 Scavenging rhodamine B dye using moringa seed pods
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Bukola Morenike LASISI, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN
17
PHY015 Thermochemistry in interstellar formation processes: the ESA relationship
Idaresit E. Mbakara and Emmanuel E. Etim
18
ORG016 Chemical constituents and biological activities of the leaves and stem essential oils of
Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk) grown in Nigeria
Nureni O. Olawore, Akeem A. Aliyu, Adegbite Omolola, Lateef Agbaje, Ololade Z.
Sunday
19

iii
ANYL017 Levels of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids in okra and tomato
samples from Alau Dam, Borno State, Nigeria
ChellubeZ. Muhammed, Abdul Nuhu, Shondo N. Josiah and Onwualu A. Peter
20
ENG018 University research and local economic development: a case study of AUST and its host
community
Afolayan D. Oluwasegun, Onwualu A. Peter
21
ANYL019 Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using titanium dioxide modified with
nitrogen
Stephen Doctor, M.T. Yilleng
22
ENG020 Determination of the removal efficiency of activated carbon produced from milk bush
shell (Thevetia Peruviana) using 2-level factorial design
Ogunniyi, Samuel; Omole, Ayodeji Emmanuel; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju; Afolabi,
Tinuade Jolade; Olayiwola, Akeem O.; Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola
23
ENG021 Factorial optimization of methylene blue removal efficiency on dimethylamine-modified
brewery spent grain activated carbon
Olatunji, Yinka Emmanuel; Ademola, Ayodeji Joshua; Oyebanji, Benjamin Oladeji;
Alade, Abass Olanrewaju; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade and Amuda, Omotayo Sharafdeen;
Okunade, Inioluwa Deborah
24
ENG022 Methylene blue dye removal efficiency onto organic base activated adsorbent (milk bush
kernel shell)
Raheem, Nafisat Motunrayo; Adeshina, Toheeb; Adeyi, Victoria Abosede; Alade,
Abass Olanrewaju and Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade
25
INORG023 Reactions and mechanism of tartrazine and molybdate ion in hydrochloric acid
Patricia Ese Umoru and A.O. Aliyu
26
PHY024 Effect of π-linkers on photo-electronic properties of benzodithiophene (BDT) –
thienopyrroledione (TPD) donor-acceptor dyes for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
using TD-DFT and DFT methods
Adediran Adejumo and Banjo Semire
27
ENG025 Optimization of adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using activated
carbon produced from mango kernel shell using barium chloride
Okeowo, Idris Olanrewaju; Balogun, Ezekiel Olalekan; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju,
Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade and Farombi, Abolaji Grace
28
ENG026 Optimization of adsorption capacity of activated African star apple (Chrysophyllum
Albidium) shell carbon using 2-level factorial design
Adeshina, Temidayo Olumide; Asimiyu, Abdulsalam Olawuni; Alade, Abass
Olanrewaju; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade and Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola
29
ENV027 Heavy metals and microbial analysis of water samples used for domestic purposes in
Oluyole Estate, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria
Adegboyega A.M, Fagbemiro V.I and Olalude C.B
30
ENV028 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profiles in farmland soils around the vicinity of
tobacco processing local industry, Oke-aran, Igboho, Nigeria
John O. AJIBADE, Taofik A. ADEDOSU, Haleema O. ADEDOSU and Olamilekan I.
MUFUTAU
31
ANYL029 Proximate analysis of the edible part of African walnut and physico-chemical analysis of
the oil extracted from the nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum)
Adekanmbi, T. O. and Abiona, O. O.
32
INORG030 Tetraaza macrocyclic ligands: synthesis, elucidation, antibacterial and antifungal
studies
E.C. Ohaekenyem, V.I Onwukeme, F.B. Okoye, J.T. Okonkwo, U.E Ekpunobi
33
PHY031 Rhodamine B dye sequestration using Gmelina arborea leaves
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Esther Oluwadamilola ALABI
34
ORG032 Phytochemical and anti-microbial analysis of the leaves of Cola Gigantea (Sterculiaceae)
Chukwuebuka T. Onyema, Emmanuel C. Ohaekenyem and Vincent I.E. Ajiwe
35
PHY033 Adsorption kinetic studies for the removal of Rhodamine B dye using mango pod
(Mangifera indica) as adsorbent
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Opeyemi Sulaimon AWONIYI, Oyindamola Teniola
AJAYI
36

iv
ORG034 Qualitative and quantitative characterization of Acalypha godseffiana leaf
Uwakmfon A. Effiong and Imaobong E. Daniel
37
PHY035 Inhibition efficiency tendencies of Jatropha Tanjorensis leaf extracts on the corrosion of
aluminium in acidic medium
Nsikan E. Ituen, Mfon A. James
38
ORG036 Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the leaves and seeds essential oils
of Syzygium guineense (Wild) grown in Nigeria
Rukayat A. Odewande, Nureni O. Olawore, Akeem A. Aliyu, Taofik A. Adedosu and
Lateef Agbaje
39
ORG037 Antimalarial effects on the comparative studies of chemical constituents identified in the
stem, root and fruit peel essential oils of Citrus paradisi grown in Nigeria
Nureni O. Olawore, Vinesh J. Maharaj, Oluwasayo E. Ogunjinmi, Taofik A. Adedosu,
and Akeem A. Aliyu
40
ANYL038 Determination of amino acid content in fresh Crinum jagus bulb as a measure of its anti-
neurogardiogenic syncope potential
Abiona, Dupe Lydia, Onawumi Oluwayemi Olanike, Oladoye Sunday Olusegun
41
ORG039 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of oil from two varieties of
tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers
Aliyu A. Warra, Leye J. Babatola, Bashir D. Ibrahim and Adedara O. Adejoju
42
PHY040 Liquid phase adsorption of Rhodamine-B dye using locust bean pod
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Funmilayo SARUMI, Olasunkanmi Seun LAMEED
43
BCH041 Antihyperlipidemic activity of Amaranthus Hybridus leaves on rats fed with high fat diet
Oladiji A.Temidayo and Asiyanbola E. Olawale
44
ORG042 Investigation of the chemical constituents of the leaves and stem volatile oils of Cananga
odorata (L.) grown in Nigeria
Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore, Saidat B. Musediq, Rodiyat O. Amoo and
Oluwaseun O. Akinsipe
45
INORG043 Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of some mixed diclofenac
potassium and paracetamol metal complexes
Aliyu A. Abdulbasit, Joshua A. Obaleye, Olowude Seyi, Olalekan W. Salawu and Bello
K. Eneye
46
ANYL044 Determination of pesticide residues in edible crops and soil from University of
Agriculture, Makurdi Farm
Peter O. Onuwa, Ishaq S. Eneji, Adams U. Itodo and Rufus Sha’Ato
47
ENV045 Study of combustion characteristics of ethanol-petrol mixture as fuel for a four-stroke
single cylinder S.I. engine
Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle, Godfrey K. Akpomie, Ikeokwu C. Ogbu, Ikedichi O. Ekpe
48
ANYL046 Comparative assessment of water quality from hand dug wells and stream around
Otukpa Metropolis of Ogbadigbo Local Government of Benue State-Nigeria
Iorungwa P. D., Iorungwa M. S. and Onoja M. O.
49
ENV047 Batch process degradation of phenol using immobilized activated sludge bacterial cells
Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle, Eldon R. Rene, Lens N.L. Piet
50
MED048 Chemical constituents of Combretum platypetalum leaves and their medicinal
implications
Umoh S. D., Anyam J. V., Essien E. E., Kaase T. P., Oyekachi G. S., Offiong N., Gav B. L. ,
and Igoli J. O.
51
PHYT049 Studies on the phytochemical constituents of persea americana leaf
Mutiu O. Amuda and Theresa. I. Edewor
52
ENG050 Optimization of process variables by the application of D-Optimal Design (DOD) for
congo red removal using activated carbon prepared from flamboyant pod back
Latinwo, G.K., Oke O. R., Arinkoola A.O., Alade, A.O. and Muhammed N.I.
53
PHYT051 Nutritional value and antioxidant properties of most widely consumed cultivated
mushrooms in South East Nigeria
Ukaogo O.P., Siddhant, Nnorom I.C, Ogbonna N.C and Onyema C. T
54
ENV052 Characterization of biodiesel from composite waste oil, methanol: ethanol (1:1) mixture
with empty oil palm bunch residue and plantain peel residue extracts
Taiwo, A. G., Babarinde, N. A. A. and Ibikunle, A. A.
55

v
PHY053 Insights into the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye using rice husks
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN, Jeremiah Abiodun OJO 56
ENG054 Adsorption of metylene blue from aqueous solution using acetylated expanded
polystyrene
Taiwo, Oluwayemisi Christianah, Alade, Abass Olanrewaju and Ogunleye, Oladipupo
Olaosebikan
57
MED055 In-vitro antimicrobial properties of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts
Moses I. J., Gav B. L., Ijeoma A. O., Umoh S. D. and Tor P. N.
58
ENG056 Biosorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using micro-wave induced
chemical modified Tithonia Diversyfolia (sunflower) xylem
Ojo, Oyeniyi Sunday, Alade, Abass Olarenwaju, Salam, Kazeem Kolapo, and Jameel,
Ahmad Tariq
59
INORG057 Spectrophotometric determination of the stoichiometry, stability constants and Gibbs
free energy of the complexes of N, N’-bis (Indole-3-ylmethylene) hydrazine with some
selected metal(II) ions
Morenike I. Dada, Muslim Abdullateef, Adedayo J. Apara, Samuel B. Akanji, Ayotunde
D. Ajakaye, Oluwafunmilayo F. Adekunle and Olusegun A. Odunola
60
ENG058 Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using phosphoric acid modified
kaolinite clay
Ibrahim, Saheed Aremu; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju; and Salawudeen, Taofeek
Olalekan and Amuda, Omotayo Sarafadeen
61
ENG059 Biosorption studies of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater using chicken feather
biocomposite
Adeyi, V.A., Agarry S.E., Jimoh, M.O., Salawudeen, T.O., Alade, A.O.
62
ANYL060 Physico-chemical Assessment of some bottled and sachet water in Ogbomoso Metropolis,
Oyo State, Nigeria
Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUMI, Opeyemi Ojo FATUNBI, Adesewa Kemi ADELAKUN,
Suliat Omolola RUFAI, Olusegun Joshua ADEYEMI
63
IND061 Achieving industrialization goals through effective chemical process development
Victor E. Okon, Emmanuel J. Etim
64
PHY062 Kinetic modelling and adsorption properties of Moringa oleifera leaf used for removing
Rhodamine B dye
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Leonard Titilope AZU, Olatubosun Kazeem IBRAHIM
65
ENG063 Optimization of Rhodamine-B biosorption from waste-water unto Tithomia diversyfolia
xylem using central composite design
Okunade Inioluwa Deborah, Afolabi Tinuade Jolade, Alade Abass Olanrewaju,
Osuolale Funmilayo Nihinlola, Olatunji Yinka Emmanuel
66
ORG064 Phytochemical constituents and fatty acid profile of ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of
Luffa cylindrica seed
Ezekiel G. ADEYENI, Ezekiel T. AYODELE and Taofik A. ADEDOSU
67
INORG065 Urea and thiourea metal complexes: solvent free synthesis and its antimicrobial activity
Lawal, Amudat, Nnabuike, G. Ginikachukwu, Obaleye J. Ayoola, Lawal, Misitura
68
ORG066 Evaluation of petroleum source-rock potential of Fika Formation Tuma-1 Well Chad
Basin Nigeria
Badmus, S.O., Tiamiyu, A. A. , Olasunkanmi, A.O., Ogungbesan, G.O.and Adedosu, T.A.
69
ANYL067 Purification of used vegetable oil using maize cob
Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUNMI, Sandra Osemudiamen OHENHENLEN, Olubunmi
ADERIBEGBE, Maryam SONAIKE
70
ORG068 Analyses of the leaf oil of Euginea malaccensis and Syzygium samaragense grown in
Nigeria
Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore*, Fatima O. Adeniji and Zinat A. Adewole
71
INORG069 Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of mixed metal complexes of
isoniazid and thiamine HCl
Misitura Lawal, Joshua A. Obaleye, Ginika G. Nnabuike, Mercy O. Bamigboye and
Abigeal O. Arowosaiye
72

vi
PHY070 Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics modeling of adsorption of rhodamine B onto
bentonite supported zerovalent iron nanocomposite (B-nZVI)
Adewumi O. DADA, Adesewa D. ILESANMI, Folahan A. ADEKOLA, Olugbenga S.
BELLO, Adejumoke A. INYINBOR, Oluwasesan M. BELLO
73
ANYL071 Assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kidney Island
and Oginigba River water bodies, Rivers State –Nigeria
Joseph Edose Uwadiale, Samuel E. Kakulu, Mary Saleh Dauda
74
ORG072 Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of the stem and leaves of
Moringa oleifera
Nureni O. Olawore, Sunday Z. Ololade, Zacchaeus O. Olatunde and Johnson O. Oyelese
75
IND073 Assessment of the levels of pesticide residues and heavy metals present in topsoil samples
from Wazobia market, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Ojeyemi Matthew OLABEMIWO, Samuel Oluwakayode AJAYI, Babawale Emmanuel
ABIOLA
76
INORG074 A review of supra-molecular structure of Mn (II) complexes with O/N donor ligands of
triazine and 6,6′-dicarboxylicacid-2,2′-bipyridine: adsorptive, non-linear optical and
magnetic properties
Ibrahim A. Omotayo, Odunola O. Ayobami, Onawumi O. O. Esther, Okon-Akan, O.
Abiodun, Youfu Zhou, Feilong Jiang, Maochun Hong
77
INORG075 Assessment of Cu (II) complexes of anti-bacterial drug of citric-amodiaquine acid:
synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and its applications
Amudat A. Lawal, Seyi Olowude, Joshua A. Obaleye, Abiodun A. Ajibola and Aliyu A.
Abdulbasit
78
ANYL076 Determination of phosphate in soil using UV/Visible spectrophotometer: Molybdenum
blue method
Funmilayo Enitan ADELOWO, Abdulazeez Oyeniyi SABEREDOWO
79
PHY077 Efficacy of Occium Gratissimum (OG) in adsorption of indigo carmine dye: kinetics,
isotherm and thermodynamics modelling
Adewumi O. DADA, Oghenerukevwe G. UMUKORO,Dayo F. OLATONA
80

1
Research in Chemical Sciences in Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward
Olusegun A. Odunola
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Chemical research in Nigeria occurs mostly in the University, and some governmental
parastatals and they are mainly tied to career advancements. The applied component of our
research receives more attention by Nigerian chemists probably due to rigour involved in
fundamental research and limited access to consumables, analytical services and
instrumentation.
Chemical research is increasingly becoming multidisciplinary with strong interaction
between chemistry, biological sciences, and mathematics, engineering, computer and material
sciences. Innovation has mostly emerged from these boundaries in recent time and the future
belongs to those who are creative, smart and are knowledgeable in these other disciplines in
addition to their training in chemistry. Chemists will be expected to participate in serious
problems facing humanity; climate change, new energy sources, producing new materials as
well as addressing pressing health needs. The areas of research that will make chemical
sciences relevant to the future is also discussed.
Research in Nigeria generally suffers from chronic challenges of unfavourable research
environment, lack of access to research funds, support, fellowships and grants for
postgraduate education. The challenges to chemical research within the global environment is
discussed within the contextual reference to its practise in Nigeria.
The roles of Government and our Universities to ensure the survival and competitiveness of
chemical research in the country within the global community for the benefit of our society is
also discussed.
Key words: chemistry, research, policy, innovation, multidisciplinary

2
Research Ethics, Plagiarism and Innovative Computer Applications for
Brazen Chemistry Research
O. Atolani, PhD
Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Brazen, distinct or outstanding research especially in Chemistry can only be attained by
innovative minds that are equipped with the right tools, training and applications. The days of
traditional research without corresponding impact are fast fading and instantly being
outclassed by modern innovative young minds. It is pertinent to mention that Chemists of the
current age who will play crucial role in the advancement of science and technology must be
highly innovative and inspirational. Therefore, a new generation of generation of researchers
who are propelled at positively impacting on the society through their research needs constant
support and motivation towards the accomplishment of the role.
Consequently, ethics in scientific research exhibition and data publications cannot be
overemphasized. It is imperative to mention that there is a geometrical increase in the rate of
unethical research practices which manifest in various forms such as plagiarism, false
presentation of data, deliberate misinformation, data manipulations and fabrications thereby
leading to increased retractions and erratum. In Chemistry and related disciplines, the
publication of flawed and bogus work is usually deceptive, distressing and destructive with
significant draw-back on the progress in the field not to mention the career of young ones that
are quickly truncated at commencement.
Young talented researchers need a creative/innovative mind in order to accomplish great
goals in chosen field. This ‘innovation’ refers a substantial positive change compared to
incremental changes. It is the application of better alternative to meeting demands. It involves
the creation of more effective processes, ideas, technology that help the accomplishment of a
task by adopting a new and unparalleled route. Innovation is the driver of all technology-
driven societies. Innovative scientific applications are vital tools that must be learnt and
adopted periodically by researcher who crave excellence and distinction.
Research is not static; hence, young Chemists must be dynamic. Excellence in research can
greatly be enhanced by the application of modern computer software that requires only a
‘little effort’ to decipher. Better software produces better research outputs. Many research
breakthroughs are not necessarily the ones performed in the hoity-toity laboratories equipped
with all forms of advanced tools, but such uniquely presented in comprehensibly, discrete and
elegant manner. The relevance of modern softwares and applications in the final
dissemination of research output is highly essential to the effective and brazen
communication of science to the global community.
This initiative and sensitisation is implied to foster exchange of ideas within the various focal
areas of Chemistry and related disciplines, nurture outstanding and aspiring young
researchers and professionals towards improving their respective output viz-a-viz
contributing to the development, improvement, stability and advancement of the nation,
region and the entire universe through the application of innovative design.
In conclusion, it is vital to reiterate that for any young and dynamic Chemist to make and any
notable translational research impact that is beyond the routine and revenant, such must have
his/her core values entrenched in research innovation, excellence, integrity, focus, discipline
and ability to skilfully manoeuvre on modern applications.

3
Global Chemists’ Code of Ethics: Challenges and Solution
Joshua Ayoola OBALEYE
Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin,
Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Email: jobaleye@yahoo.com; jobaleye@unilorin.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Ethical issues are critical issues that require serious attention. Research activities are for the
development of our universe. Any nation that refuses to take research very serious will
definitely end in calamity. Dual role is now a key word in our research effort. In other for the
growth of our universe to be meaningful, there is need to resolve the serious ethical issues
surrounding both the positive and negative aspects of these roles. This is a great challenge
that requires urgent solution from experts especially in the field of Chemistry. A long lasting
solution to these challenges is required. Based on these challenges in April 2016 a workshop
that involved over eighteen countries of the world was organized in Kuala Lumpur.
The outcome of this workshop which is expected to form the Global Chemists’ Code of
Ethics will be shared and discussed in order to encourage its widespread adoption and
sustainable implementation. It is important for Professionals and policy makers to work
together encouraging ethical research practices. The adoption of the globally recognized
standards for the safety and security of chemicals cannot be overemphasized.

4
Theoretical design of phenothiazine-based sensitisers for dye-sensitised
solar cells
Idara N. Obotowo1*
, Ime B. Obot2
, Okon U. Abakedi1
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
2
Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, King Fahd University of Petroleum and
Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author: idaraobotowo86@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The challenges facing the design and testing of dye sensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells
(DSSCs) are the expensive and time-consuming synthesis procedures which have hindered
the rapid increase of their efficiencies and computational simulations have proven to be
efficient in addressing this challenge. Three novel organic donor-π-acceptor dyes (D3-1, D3-
2, D3-3) were designed and studied using computational methodologies based on density
functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) in order to
investigate their potential for photovoltaic applications in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs).
The electron acceptor (anchoring) group was 2-cyanoacrylic acid for all dyes, the electron
donor moiety was phenothiazine with methoxy groups as substituents and thiophene units
were used as π-spacer. The computations of the geometries and electronic structures for the
proposed dyes were performed using B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level of theory in gas phase. The
absorption spectra was examined using TD-CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level of theory in gas
phase. The results obtained reveal that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and
highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of these dyes can ensure positive
effect on the process of electron injection and dye regeneration. DFT and TD-DFT
calculations reveal that the molecular properties of the dyes including spectral response, light
harvesting efficiency (LHE), free energy of electron injection (ΔGinject
), are remarkably
improved compared to the reference D3 dye. The calculated results reveal that all three dyes
can be used as potential sensitisers with dye D3-1 showing the best electronic and optical
properties and good photovoltaic properties.
Keywords: DFT, phenothiazine, sensitisers, dye-sensitised solar cells
Schematic energy diagram of the new dyes D3-1, D3-2 and D3-3 designed from D3, TiO2
and electrolyte (I-/I3). The EHOMO, ELUMO and energy gap (Egap) of the dyes are in gas
phase
Research area: Physical/Theoretical/Computational Chemistry

5
Attenuation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crude oil
contaminated soil using sewage sludge-derived biochar amended with
humic acid
Nnanake-Abasi Offiong1,2*
, Edu Inam1,2
, Nsikak Abraham2,3
, Opeyemi Fatunla2,3
1
2
Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (CEESR), University of Uyo,
Uyo, Nigeria
3
Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: nnanakeoffiong@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Release of petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment by spills or leaks constitute major
concerns and sometimes require regulatory compliance monitoring. There are needs for cost
effective and efficient methods for remediation of such contaminated environments. The
present study evaluated the potentials of sewage sludge-derived biochar amended with humic
sediment and commercial humic acid for attenuation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) in crude oil contaminated soil. The results revealed that biochar amended with more
humic sediment demonstrated greater capacity to reduce the concentration of PAHs in
contaminated soil. The least efficiency was observed in a composite containing mostly humic
acid and biochar while the best efficiency was recorded for the amendment containing humic
acid, humic sediment and biochar and had removal efficiencies between 12 % for
fluoranthene and 100 % for naphthalene. Further investigation is required to fully optimize
the amendments for better remediation.
Keywords: PAHs, crude oil contaminated soil, remediation, biochar, humic acid
Profile of PAHs in simulated soils remediated by different formulation of biochar and humus
substances in comparison with control sample
Research area: Environmental Chemistry

6
Adsorption of AV 19 onto banana peel impregnated nanoscale manganese
Solomon E. SHAIBU*
, Efiong Nsinem Eyo, Victor F. Ekpo
Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
⃰ Corresponding author
E-mail: shaibusolomon@uniuyo.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
In this study, banana peel powder impregnated with nanoscale manganese (BMn) was
prepared by the aqueous phase borohydride reduction method and characterized using
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and
PIXE analysis. The synthesized BMn was subsequently applied for the sorption of acid violet
19 (AV 19) dye representing a triarylmethane class of dyes from aqueous solution. The
adsorption of AV 19 dye was investigated under various experimental conditions such as pH,
contact time, initial concentration of AV 19 dye and adsorbent dosage. The results showed
that the synthesized BMn was an effective adsorbent with a high AV 19 dye adsorption
capacity of 263.5 mg/g. At concentration of 140 mg/L MB dye, 0.02 g of BMn resulted in
78.3 % removal at 165 rpm for a contact time of 120 min at a solution pH of 7.6. The
equilibrium data were best represented by Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second
order kinetic model better explained the kinetic data.
Keywords: Nanoscale manganese (nMn), bamboo, AV 19 dye, adsorption, isotherm, kinetics
Area of Research: Environmental Chemistry

7
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination arising from primitive e-
waste recycling in Aba Metropolis, Nigeria
Chisom M. Obasi*
, Nkechi H. Okoye, Uche E. Ekpunobi, Rosemary U. Arinze
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5027,
Awka, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: obasichisom11@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The E-waste recycling sector in Nigeria has been poorly studied with regard to environmental
contamination of the soil, particularly for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released
from thermal treatment of plastic coated e-waste. Ten surface soil samples were randomly
collected from E-waste work areas in Aba, Nigeria. Concentrations of 16 USEPA priority
parent PAHs in the samples were determined using gas chromatography coupled with flame
ionization detector (GC-FID). Chemical fingerprinting analysis were carried out to determine
the possible source(s) of detected PAHs. The average concentration of PAHs across the five
sites ranged from 21.2 to 1016 g/kg dry weight. Compositional dominance of 4 to 6 ring
PAHs (> 70%) were observed across all the five sample sites. This type of distribution profile
suggest that the major contribution of PAHs to soils is combustion sources with minor
contributions from spilled petroleum products. Similar distribution profile and significant
correlation (r > 0.80, p < 0.01) were found among individual PAHs from site AS I, AS II and
AS II, suggesting similar source of PAHs. Similar trend was also observed between site AS
IV and V (r > 0.70 p < 0.01). Based on the principal component analyses (PCA) of PAHs,
three possible sources of PAHs were identified including: combustion of plastic coated e-
waste, petroleum product spill and high temperature combustion of petroleum products.
These results suggest that PAH concentration in soil is derived from combustion activities of
the primitive E-waste recycling workers with minor input from petroleum product
combustion and petroleum product spill.
Keywords: E-waste, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Soil, Principal component
analyses (PCA)
Plot with PC1, PC2 and PC3 from principal component analysis. Factor loadings of 16 PAHs
on PC1, PC2 and PC3

8
Characterization and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of methylene
blue on activated bone char
John B. Edet1,2
, Edu J. Inam1,2*
, Ubong J. Etim3
, Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong1,2
1
2
Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (CEESR), University of Uyo,
Uyo, Nigeria
3
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, School of Science, China University of
Petroleum, Huadong, 266280, Qingdao, P.R. China
*Corresponding author: eduinam@uniuyo.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Adsorption potential of activated cow bone char for the removal of methylene blue from
aqueous solution was studied. Comparative proximate characteristics of animal bones
reported in the literature presents cow bone ash as the most promising adsorbent. Hence,
surface characterization of the adsorbent was performed using Fourier transform infra-red
spectroscopy, N2 adsorption as well as x-ray diffraction techniques. Batch adsorption studies
to investigate the efficiency of the adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solution
were evaluated. Surface characteristics of the adsorbent revealed the presence of phosphate,
carbonate, hydroxyl, carbon-carbon, carbon-hydrogen and silicon-oxygen bands as well as -
tricalcium phosphate. Porosity analysis of the adsorbent indicated a total pore volume of
0.261 cm3
/g predominated by mesopores (0.251 cm3
/g) and a total Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller
(BET) surface area of 112.0 m2
/g. Batch adsorption studies revealed significant increase in
adsorption especially in slightly alkaline medium (pH 7.5) where about 95.17 % of the
chromophoric contaminant was removed from the system with just 0.3 g of the adsorbent.
Equilibrium data were subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms,
the data was best described by Langmuir’s isotherm, though with a relatively low coefficient
of determination (R2
0.8097) suggesting a single layer adsorption of the dye molecules. This
study indicates that activated carbon from cow bone could be utilized as a low cost adsorbent
for the removal of MB from aqueous solution.
Keywords: Methylene blue, batch technique, cow bone char, adsorption isotherms
Surface characteristics and adsorption potential of cow bone ash: A- FTIR spectrum of
adsorbent, B- adsorption potential at different pH, C- XRD spectrum of adsorbent and D-
Porosity characteristics of adsorbent
Research area: Environmental/Physical Chemistry

9
Phytochemical, anti-nutritional and toxicity assessment of Moringa oleifera
seeds, stem bark and leaves using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) assay
Obi C. Bright* and Oluwaniyi O. Omolara
Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: kennybright5@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals which occur naturally in plants and have
protective or disease preventive properties. Anti-nutritional factors are nutrient “antagonist”,
they are compounds which reduce the nutrient utilization of food intake in plants or plant
products used as human foods. Hence, their removal is of high importance as it affects the
nutritional quality of food samples. The brine shrimp lethality assay is also considered a
useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity. Phytochemical and anti- nutritional factors
in Moringa oleifera plant parts were determined using various standard methods, while the
toxicological assessment was done using brine shrimp lethality assay. The phytochemical
screening and anti-nutrients of the samples revealed that the leaves were highest in Alkaloids
(6.68±2.35 %), Saponins (35.66±0.78%) and Tannins (0.64± 0.45 mg/100g) while the stem
bark has the lowest contents with values 0.53±0.25%; 14.3±0.33% and 0.56±0.17mg/100g
respectively. The seeds were however high in Flavonoids (14.21±0.66%), Oxalates
(31.98±0.62mg/100g), Phytates (0.85±0.04mg/ 100g) and Cyanogenic glycoside (7.4±0.00
mg/100g). The toxicological study also revealed that extracts from the three parts were not
toxic after 24 hours. Mortalities however took place after 48hours (between 1-5 nauplii death)
and 72 hours (5-10 nauplii death) at varying concentrations.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, anti-nutrients, toxicity, brine shrimps, human health
Field/Area of Research: Industrial/Organic Chemistry

10
Coordinative interaction of chitosan-azo dyes towards selected first row
transition metals
Onome Ejeromedoghene *
, Sheriff Adewuyi
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240,
Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: armstrong4onomsky@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Chitosan is an abundant bio-polymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin in the
exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan was found to be an attractive alternative to other bio
materials due to its significant physicochemical behavior and ability to selectively bind to
early and post transition metals. In order to improve the performance of this bio-polymer,
chemical modification of chitosan composite and its derivatives have gained much attention.
In this study, a new biopolymeric ligand was synthesized by functionalizing chitosan with the
azo dyes (eriochrome black T (EBT) and sudan III (S3)). The functionalized compounds were
interacted with different concentrations of metal ions leading to complex formation. Both the
new ligand and the complexes were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
and Uv-Vis Spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra reveal a possible hydrogen bonding between
chitosan and the azo dyes. It also suggests an interaction between the N=N of the ligand with
the metal ions. In addition, the Uv-Visible spectra studies shows that on reacting various
concentrations of metal ions with ligand the absorbance increases with decreasing
concentration of the metal ions and was able to interact with as low as 0.001 M of the metal
salt.
Keywords: Chitosan, Biopolymeric ligand, Eriochrome black T, Sudan III, Transition metals
Research area: Inorganic Chemistry

11
Kinetics of ethanol effect on iron content of ashed cow liver
Magu, Thomas Odey1*
; Sunday, Esther Aniedi2
; Louis, M. Hilter1
and Ugi, U. Benedict3
1
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar. P.M.B.1115, Calabar
2
3
Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, P.M.B.1123
Calabar
*Corresponding author: tommylife4u@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This research studied the kinetics of ethanol effect on iron content of the mammalian liver.
Results obtained reveals that the concentration of iron in the liver decreases with increasing
time interval. The initial iron content in the ashed cow liver was 22.61 mg/L. After 10
minutes of impregnating the iron solution with local ethanol, the amount of iron reduced to
14.30 mg/L. At one hour interval, the quantity of iron further decreased to 7.54 mg/L and
after 90 minutes, it decreased again to 5.36 mg/L. the half-life, rate of reaction as well as
order of reaction was determined. The pH of the liver extract was almost constant throughout
the time interval of measurement. The average pH was 6.52. This research confirms that
ethanol reduces or destroys the iron present in a biological system.
Keywords: kinetics, half-life, rate of reaction, order of reaction, mammalian liver
Research area: Physical/Industrial Chemistry

12
Synergistic effect of phytochemical extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and
lantana camara .L leaves in the formulation of muscle pain restorative
ointment
Obiora Joy. O., Onu John C. and Ezeike Amarachi K.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Chemistry Unit), Federal Polytechnic Oko,
Anambra State, Nigeria
Correspondence should be addressed to: joyezeo@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Phytochemicals continue to play important role in the discovery of pharmaceuticals. In this
present study, synergistic effects of Cymbopogon citratus and lantana camara .L leaves
crude extracts obtained through cold extraction with 80% methanol and essential oil
through steam distillation method using Clevenger apparatus were used as bioactive agent
in the formulation of muscle pain restorative ointment. The phytochemical screening
results of the extracts investigated showed positive results for the presence of alkaloids,
flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, steroids and phenols. High intensity of
bioflavonoid (+++) with 10% ferric chloride solution and deposition of yellowish coloured
precipitate proved the product efficacy in natural ointment formulation in oil phase. The
extracts in the ratio (Cymbopogon citratus:lantana camara .L) 2:8, 4:6, 6:4, 8:2, 0:5, 5:0
and 5:5 (ml/100g) doses were used as bioactive agent in the formulation of muscle pain
restorative ointments using liquid paraffin as blank. The tested products on the muscles of
volunteers gave positive results based on restoration time. It was observed that combined
dose formulation with blend 6:4 and 5:5 gave quick restoration in five minutes than in
single doses that restores in 55 minutes. Therefore with the bio active agent, an
environmentally friendly, muscle pain restorative ointments were explored.
Keywords: Phytochemical; Synergistic effects; Bioactive agent and ointment
Research area: Phytochemistry

13
Production of soap from raffia palm fruit seeds (Raphia hookeri) and
calabash gourds ashes (Crescentia cujete)
Esther A. Sunday1*
, A. U. Israel1
, Magu T. Odey2
1
2
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River
State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: esthersunday403@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The making of soaps using vegetable matter (raffia palm seeds and calabash gourds) was
examined. All the factors known to impact blackish colouration in soap products after
saponification process was studied, with the view of remedying them. The remedial process
involved subjecting the dried samples to total combustion, soaking, filtration and
recrystallization of the ash-residue to obtain a pure/colourless extract. Oil was extracted from
cow fat and palm kernel. The soaps were produced by modifying a known conventional
method. The following parameters were determined: acid value, moisture content, pH,
saponification value and specific gravity. The oil to lye composition of the soap was in the
ratio of 2:2 and 2:1 respectively. The quality of the soap produced competed favourably with
other medicated soaps. The physic-chemical properties of the produced soap reveals that the
plants (Raffia Palm Fruit Seeds and Calabash Gourds) can be used as potential raw materials
in the production of soaps with improved quality.
Keywords: calabash gourds, raffia palm seed, soap, saponification
Research area: Polymer/Industrial Chemistry

14
Stability investigations on Cu(II) and Mn(II) compounds of 3-(2-pyridyl)-
5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,4′
-disulfonic acid using quantum chemical
methods
Abidoye, Damilola Ezekiel+
, Jeje Oyeyinka Felicia and SEMIRE, Banjo*
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
+
Lead author: deabidoye@student.lautech.edu.ng
*Corresponding author: bsemire@lautech.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Quantum chemical methods are powerful in studying transition metal complexes. Density
functional theory and semi empirical calculations have been carried out on Cu(II) and Mn(II)
complexes of 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,41
-disulfonic acid. The
computational methodologies is based on semi-empirical calculations that are performed at
PM3 and PM6 levels, while the hybrid B3LYP method with 6-31G** basis set was used for
density functional theory (DFT) calculations in order to study their stabilities and molecular
properties. All calculations were carried out with Spartan 14 software package. The predicted
geometries supported distorted octahedral structures of the complexes. The FMO plots
revealed that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied
molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of mono Cu(II), bimetallic Cu(II) and bimetallic
Mn(II) complexes are mainly on sulfonic acid and pyridyl-triazine-metal respectively;
however both the HOMO and the LUMO of mono Mn(II) complex are on pyridyl-triazine-
metal. The calculated energy gap, chemical hardness and softness showed that mono Cu(II)
and bimetallic Mn(II) complexes would be hard, thermodynamically stable and less
polarizable. The stabilization energies value calculated at DFT for mono Cu(II) and
bimetallic (or polymeric) Mn(II) complexes are -2.62x102
kcal/mol and -5.78x104
kcal/mol
respectively which shows the preference for synthesis of mono Cu(II) and bimetallic (or
polymeric) Mn(II) complexes as observed experimentally.
Keywords: Copper (II), Manganese (II), 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,41
-
disulfonic acid, molecular properties, Stabilization energy
Research area: Physical/Computational Chemistry

15
Evaluation of nutritional composition and bioactive components of
matured corn silk (Zea Mays hair)
Habu Christopher1
, Zakari Ladan2
, O.A. Babatunde3
1
Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, P.M.B. 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria
2
Departments of Chemistry, Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: habuchristopher62@gmail.com
ASTRACT
The present study reports the nutritional composition and bioactive components of a matured
corn silk (Zea Mays hair). The study revealed the presence of various nutrients in the matured
Zea Mays hair which include %Ash content (3.7867±0.02), % crude lipid (1.2616±0.04),
%crude protein (18.725± 0.79), %crude fibre (42.357±0.03), %total carbohydrate
(28.8439±0.01) and estimated energy value (201.63kcal). The mineral composition showed
high concentrations of sodium (26mg/L), Potassium (12mg/L) and iron (8mg/L) while
calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) have the same concentrations of (6mg/L). The
crude methanolic extracts of the matured corn silk (Zea mays hair) revealed the presence of
flavonoids, Tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, phenols, terpene and terpenoids and the
absence of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. While, the crude n-hexane extracts of the
matured Zea mays hairs revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols,
terpene and terpenoids and the absence of Alkaloids, phlobatannins and cardiac glycosides.
Keywords: Zea Mays hair, Nutritional composition, Elemental composition, bioactive
component
Research area: Organic Chemistry

16
Statistical analysis, parameters' effects and optimization of colour removal
from real textile wastewater using modified sawdust of Parkia biglobosa
Abdulsalam K.1
*, Giwa A.1
, Oladipo M.1
, Arinkoola A.2
1
Department of Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000,
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B.
4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*
Corresponding author: abdulsalam_khadijah@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The removal of color from textile waste water is a major environmental problemas they are
sometimes carcinogenic or mutagenic and the first contaminant to be recognized in water.
Obtaining the optimum conditions i.e., the specific point at which maximum % colour
removal can be achieved is only obtainable by optimizing all the affecting parameters
collectively by statistical experimental design.A novel optimization study on the adsorptive
removal of colour from a real textile wastewater collected from LAUTECH onto modified
sawdust of Parkia biglobosa was conducted. The Design of Experimental (DoE) that
provides detailed information from minimum number of experiments, was employed in this
study rather than the traditional one-variable-at-a-time technique which is both time
consuming and cost ineffective. The adsorbent was characterized using different methods. A
total of 20 experimental runs were performed using Central Composite design of experiment,
and the results were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The characterization
analysis indicates that the adsorbent has potential adsorption sites (represented by functional
groups OH, C = O, C = C, and C = S) with several pores and carbon content as high as
66.77%. The Central Composite Model developed is predictive for colour removal from
wastewater (R-square= 0.985). The percentage colour removal increased with an increase in
adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The optimum conditions required for 88.85 %
colour removal from the wastewater with a desirability of 0.95 are 1.0 g dose of adsorbent at
a temperature of 30.01 o
C and contact time of 25 hr.
Keywords: Adsorption, Statistical Analysis, Optimization, Textile Wastewater, Sawdust
Figure of 3D interactive effect of contact time and dose on Percentage removal (% R)
Research area: Analytical/Environmental Chemistry

17
Scavenging rhodamine B dye using moringa seed pods
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Bukola Morenike LASISI*, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: bukolamorenike@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Moringa oliferia seed pod was modified using orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) and used as
adsorbent for sequestering Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solution. The acid
modified adsorbent (MOSPAC) was characterized using Scanning Electron microscopy
(SEM), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), pH point of
zero charge (pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT) techniques respectively. Operational
parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature were studied in
batch process. Equilibrium data was obtained by testing the adsorption data using four
different isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. It
was found that adsorption of Rh-B dye on MOSPAC correlated well with the Langmuir
isotherm model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 1250 mg g-1
. The
kinetics of the adsorption process was tested through pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-
order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model
provided the best correlation for the experimental data studied. The adsorption process was
controlled by both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms.
Thermodynamic study showed that the process is endothermic, spontaneous and feasible.
The adsorption followed chemisorption process. The study provided an effective use of
MOSP as a valuable adsorbent for the removal of RhB dye from aqueous solutions.
Keywords: Adsorption; Rhodamine B; Moringa seed pod; kinetics; thermodynamics
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry/Adsorption Technology

18
Thermochemistry in interstellar formation processes: the ESA relationship
Idaresit E. Mbakara1
and Emmanuel E. Etim*2
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
2
Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: emmaetim@gamil.com
ABSTRACT
Interstellar molecular species play significant roles in diverse fields such as atmospheric
chemistry, astrochemistry, prebiotic chemistry, astrophysics, astronomy, astrobiology, etc,
and in our understanding of the solar system ''the world around us''. Despite the importance of
these molecules, there is lack of consensus about how they are formed under the low
temperature and low density conditions of the interstellar clouds. In this presentation, the
Energy, Stability and Abundance (ESA) relationship existing among interstellar molecular
species which points to “Thermochemistry” as one of the factors influencing interstellar
formation processes will be highlighted. According to the ESA relationship, “Interstellar
abundances of related species are directly proportional to their stabilities in the absence of
the effect of interstellar hydrogen bonding”. The importance of the ESA relationship in what
is unarguably one of the most important classes of interstellar molecular species - 'interstellar
isomers' and in the linear carbon chains which remain the dominant theme in interstellar
chemistry will be presented.
Keywords: Astrochemistry, interstellar medium, abundance, quantum chemical calculations
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
100
200
300
400
500
HCnN carbon chains
astronomically observed
not astronomically observed
Enthalpyofformation,kcal/mol
n
Plot showing the ΔfHO
for HCnN chain molecules
Research area: Physical/Astrochemistry/Computational Chemistry

19
Chemical constituents and biological activities of the leaves and stem
essential oils of Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk) grown in Nigeria
Nureni O. Olawore1*
, Akeem A. Aliyu1
, Adegbite Omolola1
, Lateef Agbaje2
and Ololade
Z. Sunday3
1
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
2
Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
3
Department of Chemical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: noolawore@lautech.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
The chemical constituents and biological activities of the leaf and stem essential oils of
Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk.) grown in Nigeria were investigated using Gas
Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. The phenolic content, antimicrobial,
antioxidant and acute toxicity tests were also investigated. α-Gurjunene (9.29%), 8-
oxatetracyclo [5.2.1.1(2,6).1(4,10)] dodecane (7.99%), α-pinene (6.80%), humulene (6.55%),
2-isopropylidene-3-methylhexa-3,5-dienal (6.31%), farnesene epoxide (6.24%) and linalool
(5.07%) were the principal constituents of the leaf oil. The major constituents present in the
stem oil were n-octane (7.22%), 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (7.14%), germacrene D (6.68%),
n-decane (6.08%), limonene (5.16%) and 1,2-dimethylbenzene (5.07%). The total phenolic
contents were estimated as 159.00 µgGAEmg-1
for the leaf oil and 44.00 µgGAEmg-1
for the
stem oil. Both oils displayed good antioxidant activities with respect to the results obtained
from free radical scavenging and reducing power activities. The in vivo acute toxicity showed
that the oils were non-toxic and safe for human consumption. The leaf oil was active at 100
mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus (Urine), S. aureus (Wound), Klebsiella pneumoniae
(Urine), Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger while there was no noticeable inhibition for the
stem oil.
Keywords: Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk), α-gurjunene, germacrene D, essential oil
Research area: Organic Chemistry/Natural products

20
Levels of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids in okra
and tomato samples from Alau Dam, Borno State, Nigeria
Chellube Z. Muhammed1
, Abdul Nuhu1
, Shondo N. Josiah1,2*
and Onwualu A. Peter2
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and
Technology, P.M.B 681, Garki, Abuja F.C.T, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: jshondo@aust.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
The concentration of pesticide residues such as o,p`-DDD, p,p`-DDT, dieldrin, aldrin,
dichlorvos, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion, cypermethrin, Bifenithrin, Permethrin and
deltamethrin were determined by an improved extraction method from okra and tomato fruit
vegetables using high performance liquid chromatography. The selected pesticides were
extracted from okra and tomato fruit vegetable samples using smaller volume of ethyl-
acetate, anhydrous sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride. Cleanup was done with activated
charcoal. Final extracts of okra and tomato fruit vegetable samples were analysed using high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a ultra-violet detector in an isocratic mode.
The concentrations of all the organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos, Diazinon,
Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion,),organochlorine pesticides (o,p`-DDD, p,p`-DDT, dieldrin,
aldrin,) and pyrethroids (Cypermethrin, Bifenithrin, Permethrin, Deltamethrin) in the okra
and tomato samples from the agricultural area was observed to be higher than the maximum
residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs) set for vegetables by the
Cordex 2009 (WHO and FAO). It is recommended that a more rigorous control and
monitoring regime for pesticides for vegetable production should be put in place for the area,
to reduce the risks of health hazards.
Keywords: Okra, Tomato, Organochlorine (OC), Organophosphorus (OP), Pyrethroids
Research areas: Analytical Chemistry /Materials Science and Engineering

21
University research and local economic development: a case study of AUST
and its host community
Afolayan D. Oluwasegun1,2*
, Onwualu A. Peter1
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and
Technology, P.M.B 681, Garki, Abuja F.C.T, Nigeria
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Gwagwalada, FCT.
Nigeria.
*Corresponding author: dafolayan@aust.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Universities play several roles in their communities. One of their key functions is to support
and drive regional, social and community development. Others include: participation in
regional clusters, supporting local, cultural and artistic activities, providing opportunities for
regional start-ups or established companies and taking an active role in determining the
strategic direction of local development. Several research breakthrough and output of African
Universities have ended up in the laboratories, many as mere conference proceedings while
others had even managed to get into some award-winning journals. However, failure to adopt
and implement such research findings, faulty correlation between the viable research
methods, tested economic instruments and many more had crippled economic integration and
development in Africa. This research survey addresses the identified failures of Nigerian
researchers and research institutions. The results were analyzed using the chi-square test, T-
test and ANOVA methods of analyses in order to test the research hypothesis for possible
recommendations. Strategies for optimizing commercialization of innovation from the
University were recommended as tools required in the pursuit of local economic
development. Justified recommendations that will catalyze the conversion of scientific
research and logical innovation into useful economic integration and development were
deduced based on the research, innovation and development nexus.
Keywords: Innovation, commercialization, economic development, spin-off, knowledge
spillover
Research Field/Areas: Chemical Engineering/Mineral Processing/Materials Science

22
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using titanium dioxide
modified with nitrogen
Stephen Doctor and M. T. Yilleng
Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, P.M.B 2339 Kaduna, Nigeria
Corresponding author: ejimstephen@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The study involves the investigation of altering the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 using
ammonia as a precursor for nitrogen doping. The findings in this research have justified the
synthesis and investigation of the nitrogen doped TiO2 photocatalyst in the treatment of
organic industrial dyes by degrading methylene blue dyes which serve as a model dye for this
study. From the result obtained, the percentage conversion for the degradation of methylene
blue was 97.30%, 85.75%, 65.10% and 60.30% using 1%N-TiO2, 3%N-TiO2, 5%N-TiO2 and
PURE-TiO2 under ultraviolet light provided by a mercury lamp after 80 minutes of
irradiation with proper stirring respectively. High efficiency of the degradation of methylene
blue dye was achieved using 1%N-TiO2 while there was that closeness in photoactivity
between 5%N-TiO2 and PURE-TiO2. Generally, the degradation efficiency follows the
following trend 1%N-TiO2 >3%N-TiO2 >5%N-TiO2>PURE-TiO2. Therefore, doping TiO2
with nitrogen shows higher activity toward degradation of methylene blue dye compare to
pure TiO2 within the first 80 minute time of irradiation. It shows constancy in the rate
constants of the reaction for each prepared photocatalyst in the degradation of methylene blue
dye for the 80 minutes of irradiation with respect to first order equation. This means that the
pseudo-first order kinetics of dye removal is acceptable for all photocatalytic processes.
Under similar conditions however, the comparison of the lines slope of the photocatalysed
reaction which is the apparent rate constant was observed to follow trend 1%N-TiO2 >3%N-
TiO2 >5%N-TiO2>PURE-TiO2.
Keywords: N-TiO2, PURE-TiO2, methylene blue dye, photo-catalyst, degradation
Schematic mechanism of photocatalytic reaction occurring on photoactivated N-TiO2 particle
Research area: Analytical/Physical/Nano-chemistry

23
Determination of the removal efficiency of activated carbon produced from
milk bush shell (Thevetia Peruviana) using 2-level factorial design
Ogunniyi, Samuel1,2
*; Omole, Ayodeji Emmanuel1,2
; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3
;
Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2,3
; Olayiwola, Akeem O. 2,4
; Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola2,5
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 2
Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit (BWERU),
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 3
Science and Engineering
Research Group (SAERG), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, Nigeria;
4
Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 5
Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic
University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: meetsammy4peace@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
A low cost carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from milk bush shell (MBS) impregnated with
ethylamine was tested for its removal efficiency (RE). The process parameters investigated
include: initial concentration, time, agitation and temperature. This study was carried out to
examine the effectiveness of activated carbon to remove methylene blue dye in aqueous
solution. The MBS was sourced within Ogbomosho town. The kernels were washed with
water to remove surface impurities, sun-dried, mechanically cracked, re-washed and then
oven dried at 105 to constant weight. The dried MBS were ground to uniform sizes and
subjected to activation processes using Ethylamine. Optimisation was conducted based on 2-
Level Factorial Design using Design Expert (10.0.1.0) software. The RE of activated carbon
was studied using methylene blue as adsorbate. 0.1g of each of the sample was added to 10ml
of methylene blue concentration of 10mg/L from 50mg/L stock solution prepared. It was left
for 24hours forming two layers of supernatant and the residue. Supernatant was taken for
further studies. The highest RE (72.16%) was obtained at Run 1 (30 mins, 600 , 0.5 IMR,
300Hz and at frequency time of 60mins) while the lowest RE (-6.63%) was obtained at run
10 (30 mins, 300 , 0.1 IMR, 600Hz and at frequency time of 30mins). Numerical
optimization suggests our desirability(1) to be selected(72.206) could be achieved at 600 ,
30mins, 1:0.5 IMR, microwave frequency of 300 Hz and microwave time of 60 mins. MBS is
found to have a relatively high RE when carbonized at a higher temperature and treated with
a suitable activant.
Keywords: Milk Bush Kernel Shell (Thevetia peruviana), Removal Efficiency, Activated Carbon, 2-
Level Factorial Design and Methylene blue
Standardized Effect of the Model Terms with respect to Half Normal % probability of the removal
efficiency
Research Area: Chemical Engineering
0.00 0.40 0.79 1.19 1.58 1.98 2.38
0
10
20
30
50
70
80
90
95
99
Half-Normal Plot
|Standardized Effect|
Half-Normal%Probability
A-Temp
B-Time
C-IMR
D-Freq
E-MW Time
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
DE

24
Factorial optimization of methylene blue removal efficiency on
dimethylamine-modified brewery spent grain activated carbon
Olatunji, Yinka Emmanuel1,2*
; Ademola, Ayodeji Joshua1,2
; Oyebanji, Benjamin
Oladeji1,2
; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3
; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2
; Amuda, Omotayo
Sharafdeen 2,4
; Okunade, Inioluwa Deborah5,2
1
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
2
Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
3
Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
4
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
5
Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State,
Nigeria
* Corresponding author: olatunjiyinka100@gmail.com; +2348161535938
ABSTRACT
Brewery spent grain (BSG), major solid waste from brewery, was used as precursor for the
production of low cost activated carbon suitable for the removal of methylene blue in this
study. The BSG samples obtained from brewery were washed, dried, modified with
dimethylamine before being subjected to carbonization. The factors such as temperature,
time, and impregnation ratio, microwave frequency and frequency time for the activation
process were optimized according to 2-Level Factorial Design of Design Expect (10.0.1)
software. The removal efficiency of the BSG-activated carbon was studied using methylene
blue as adsorbate. Exactly 0.2g of BSG-activated carbon sample was added to 20 ml of distill
water containing 10 mg/l of methylene blue. The supernatant was subjected to UV test at
645nm after 24 hours in order to quantify the amount of methylene blue unadsorbed. The
highest and lowest removal efficiency obtained were 89.58% (0.10 IMR, 300 temperature,
60 minutes frequency time, 300 Hz frequency, 60 minutes time) and 33.52% (0.25 IMR,
300 temperature, 60 minutes frequency time, 300 Hz frequency, 120 minutes time)
respectively. Numerical optimization suggested the following conditions 0.1 (IMR), 300.00
(carbonization temperature), 300.549Hz (frequency), 59.691 minutes (frequency time),
60.301 minutes (time) as the optimum conditions, with removal efficiency of 89.525%. The
result obtained also shows that the difference between statistically determined and the
optimized removal efficiency was 0.055 (0.061%). This study indicates that Factorial
Methodology can be effectively used to determine the removal efficiency of activated carbon
developed from Brewery Spent Grain.
Keywords: brewery spent grain, carbonization, removal efficiency, Optimization
Research area: Chemical Engineering

25
Methylene blue dye removal efficiency onto organic base activated
adsorbent (milk bush kernel shell)
Raheem, Nafisat Motunrayo*1, 2
; Adeshina, Toheeb1,2
; Adeyi, Victoria Abosede1,2
,
Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3
and Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2
1
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
2
Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
3
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: raheemnafisat@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Basic dyes are the brightest class of water soluble dyes used by the textile industries, and
Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most frequently used dyes in all industries. Health effects
like eye burns, and irritation to the gastrointestinal tract with symptoms of nausea, vomiting
and diarrhea is as a result of this MB in water. Milk bush kernel (Thevetia peruviana) shell
was collected, it was dried, crushed, washed, re-dried and sorted and milled to medium size.
An organic base was used as an activating agent, triethanolamine and neutralized by
trichloroacetic acid, an organic acid. The factors chosen for the carbonization are;
Temperature (°C), Time (min), IMR, Frequency (Hz) and MW Time (min), response was
removal efficiency, RE (%). The optimum condition was obtained from Design Expert in
which initial conditions and final conditions was fed into the design and 16 experimental runs
was generated and used for the carbonization of T. peruviana in muffle furnace. The stock of
methylene blue was prepared followed by serial dilution with water; this was used for
removal efficiency, RE experiment, using effect of initial concentration, effect of contact
time and effect of agitation. No transformation was done to the model and 2 Factors
Interactions was selected as Model design for the response. The maximum, 84.186% gotten
from run 13 at temperature of 600°C, time, 30 min, IMR of 0.1, frequency of 600Hz and MW
time of 60min. Also, the minimum -7.197% was gotten at run 4 when temperature is 300°C,
30min time, IMR of 0.1, frequency of 600Hz, and MW time of 60min. The optimum effect of
initial concentration is 10mg/l while no equilibrium reached for contact time, the removal
efficiency increases as the time is increases. Isotherm models used in the study was
Langmuir, Elovich, Temkin and Intraparticle while the Freundlich is not favorable for this
study; likewise kinetic models are first-order and second-order kinetic models.
Keywords: Dye, Organic base, Carbonization, Removal efficiency
Research Area: Chemical Engineering

26
Reactions and mechanism of tartrazine and molybdate ion in hydrochloric
acid
Patricia Ese Umoru*
and A.O. Aliyu
Department of Chemistry, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: patriciaumoru@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The reaction and mechanism of tartrazine and molybdate ion in hydrochloric acid has been
investigated at a temperature of T = 30 ± 1o
C, [H+
] = 1 x 10 -4
mol dm-3
and ionic strength, µ
= 1.0 mol dm-3
. The reaction is first order with respect in both tartrazine and molybdate ion.
The rate of reaction was found to decrease with increase in ionic strength concentration and
increased with increase in dielectric constant concentration; added cation and anion also
increased the rate of reaction. The reaction rate showed increase as the [H+
] increased which
obeyed the rate law: —d[TZ+
]/dt = (a + b[H+
])[TZ+
][MoO4
2-
]; at 30 ± 1o
C, [H+
] = 1 x 10-4
, µ
= 1.0 mol dm-3
(NaCl) and max = 560 nm. Investigation of spectroscopic test did not indicate
the formation of intermediate complex during the course of the reaction as suggested by
absence of intercept in Michaelis- Menten plot and lack of shift in max. Hence a plausible
mechanism in favour of outer-sphere mechanism has been proposed.
Keywords: Reaction, Mechainsm, Tartrazine, Molybdate ion
Research area: Inorganic Chemistry

27
Effect of π-linkers on photo-electronic properties of benzodithiophene
(BDT) –thienopyrroledione (TPD) donor-acceptor dyes for dye sensitized
solar cells (DSSCs) using TD-DFT and DFT methods
Adediran Adejumo+
and Banjo Semire*
+
Lead author: femdiran2009@yahoo.com
*Corresponding author: bsemire@lautech.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Conjugated polymers, containing benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b] dithiophenes (BDT) as donor units and
thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,5-diones (TPD) as acceptor units were modified by introducing
thiophene/fused thiophenes as π-linkers for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Quantum
chemical calculations were performed on the modelled dyes using time-dependent density
functional theory (TD-DFT) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The effect of π-
linkers on the dyes molecular geometries, intra-molecular charge transfer, electronic and
optical properties were examined and discussed. The calculated parameters were the HOMO,
LUMO, ∆Eg (EHOMO-ELUMO), global reactivity indices and light harvesting efficiency (LHE).
Diethoxy- benzothiophene;pyrrole-2-carbonitrile-8 (DBPC8) dye was estimated to have the
most outstanding photo physical properties, better conductivity, high photocurrent and charge
transfer better ability than others. The calculated LHE and chemical hardness (η) suggested
that the narrower the gap between LHE and η the longer the light absorption wavelength and
the better a D-π-A dye sensitizer to be used in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Therefore,
introduction of π-linker to benzodithiophene-thienopyrrole-dione (BDT-TPD) dyes especially
for DBPC8 lowered the ∆Eg, improved intra-electronic charge transfer (ICT) and
photocurrent of the dye compared to benzodithiophene–thienopyrroledione (BDT-TPD) dyes.
Keywords: Benzodithiophene derivatives, photo-electronic, dye-sensitised solar cells, DFT
Research area: Physical/Computational Chemistry
Schematic structure and Energy gap diagram of the studied dyes. Where X represent thiophenes
/fused dithiophene and Y= S, Se

28
Optimization of adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using
activated carbon produced from mango kernel shell using barium chloride
Okeowo, Idris Olanrewaju1,2*
; Balogun, Ezekiel Olalekan1,2
; Alade, Abass
Olanrewaju1,2,3
, Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2
and Farombi, Abolaji Grace 2,4
1
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
2
Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit (BWERU), Ladoke Akintola
University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
3
Science and Engineering Research Group (SAERG), Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology Ogbomoso, Nigeria
4
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: douglasalooma@yahoo.com; +2347069433332
ABSTRACT
The presence of methylene blue (MB) in wastewater is a major concern in the environment
due to its low biodegrability and harmful effect on man. The treatment of effluent containing
such dye is important where adsorption on activated carbon (AC) produced from agricultural
waste is of great choice. Optimization of the adsorption of MB from aqueous solution onto
AC prepared from mango shell was investigated. The AC was prepared from mango shell,
activated with BaCl2 at I.R (0.033-0.167), frequency (300-600 Hz), time (30-60 min) and
carbonized at temperature (200-500 ◦C) and time (β0-60 min) based on the 16 runs generated
by the Design of Expert. 2-Level factorial design was applied for optimization. Batch
adsorption experiment was carried out at 25 °C to study the effect of contact time and initial
dye concentration on MB adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were
investigated. The optimized values of adsorption capacity (0.774 mg/g) was obtained at
0.0γγ, γ00 C, 59.64 min, 300 Hz and 48.14 min as compared to the experimental value of
0.805 mg/g. The pred R2
of 0.9966 was in reasonable agreement with the Adj R2
of 0.9998.
The MB uptake increased with increase initial concentration and contact time. The isotherm
analysis implied that the adsorption data fit better by Temkin isotherm (R2
=0.9425 & 0.9842)
and kinetic data was best described by intra-particle diffusion model (R2
=0.9909) at initial
concentration of 10 & 15mg/L. The result implied that mango shell was suitable as an
adsorbent material for adsorption of MB.
Keywords: Activated carbon, Methylene blue, Mango shell, Optimization, Adsorption
Isotherm, and Kinetic
Research area: Chemical Engineering/Water treatment and adsorption

29
Optimization of adsorption capacity of activated African star apple
(Chrysophyllum Albidium) shell carbon using 2-level factorial design
Adeshina, Temidayo Olumide1,2*
; Asimiyu, Abdulsalam Olawuni1,2
; Alade, Abass
Olanrewaju1,2,3
; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2
and Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola2,4
1
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
2
Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola
University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
3
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
4
Biotechnology Engineering Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Corresponding author: temidayoolumide82@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The potential of African star apple (chrysophyllum albidium) shell as a good material for the
production of effective adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption was investigated in the
study. The shell was crushed, washed, treated with trichloroacetic acid and then subjected to
carbonization under different experimental conditions. Experimental conditions such as
temperature, time, impregnation ratio, microwave frequency and frequency time were
optimized according to 2-Level Factorial Design of Design Expect (10.0.1) software. The
chrysophyllum albidium shell (0.1g) sample was mixed with 10 ml of methylene blue (10
mg/l). The supernatant obtained after 24 hrs was subjected to UV test at 645nm quantify the
amount of methylene blue unabsorbed. The results obtained were further used for adsorption
isotherm. The highest and lowest adsorption capacity obtained are 0.9962 mg/g (0.1IMR,
300 , 60 min frequency time, 300 Hz and 60 mins carbonization time) and 0.3617 mg/g
(0.25 IMR, 300 , 60 mins frequency time, 300 Hz, 120 mins carbonization time)
respectively. The numerical optimum of the adsorption capacity, determined by the software,
was 0.99786 (0.497 IMR, 546.864 , 107.152 mins carbonization time, 315.416 Hz, 59.483
mins frequency time), with 0.18% difference from experimental results. Freundlich isotherm
was discovered to be the best isotherm for this study with R2
value of 0.9997. This study has
demonstrated the suitability of using chrysophyllum albidium shell to develop effective
adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue from wastewater and Factorial Methodology
could be effectively used for study.
Keywords: adsorption capacity, chrysophyllum albidium, methylene blue, trichloroacetic
acid
Area of Research: Chemical Engineering/Adsorption / Wastewater Treatment

30
Heavy metals and microbial analysis of water samples used for domestic
purposes in Oluyole Estate, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria
Adegboyega A.M*, Fagbemiro V.I and Olalude C.B
The Polytechnic of Ibadan, Chemistry Department, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: tijanimadinatu@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Contamination of the environment with heavy metals from both human and natural sources is
a well known global problem. This study was conducted to determine the quality of water in
an industrialized area in Ibadan. A total number of twenty (20) samples were collected from
ten wells and ten boreholes from different locations and were investigated for the heavy
metals, physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics using standard methods. The pH
ranged from 6.3-8.3, total dissolved solid ranged from 1276.67-2816.67mg/l, total hardness
ranged from 48.67-86.97mg/l. The chloride and nitrate concentration ranged from 10.33-
27.37mg/l and 0.20-4.10mg/l respectively. Also the temperature, electrical conductivities and
the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, cadmium, lead, iron, copper
and zinc were also determined. The viable bacterial counts were determined using standard
plate method. The total aerobic count and total coliform count ranged from 1.0×102
cfu/ml-
8.9×105
cfu/ml and 1.0×104
cfu/ml-8.3×103
cfu/ml respectively. The microbial isolates were
Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Aeromonas sp, Enterobacter sp, Flavobacterium, Proteus,
Micrococcus sp, and Escherichia coli. This study revealed that the physicochemical
parameters of the water samples were within the EPA and WHO permissible limits but the
total aerobic counts and coliform counts for all the samples were observed to have exceeded
the EPA and WHO standard limits hence making the water in this areas unfit for drinking.
Keywords: Physicochemical, bacteriological, quality, industrial area, heavy metal
Research Area: Environmental Chemistry

31
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profiles in farmland soils around the
vicinity of tobacco processing local industry, Oke-aran, Igboho, Nigeria
John O. AJIBADE1
, Taofik A. ADEDOSU1*
, Haleema O. ADEDOSU2
and Olamilekan
I. MUFUTAU1
1
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
2
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: taadedosu@lautech.edu.ng; terryad2001@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Tobacco production is an unheralded scandal with noxious and hazardous compounds that are
genotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic to the environmental habitation. This study has been
carried out to determine the distributions, sources and toxicity potential of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vicinity of tobacco processing local industry, Oke-Aran
Area, Igboho, Oyo State, Nigeria. Soil and food crop samples collected from tobacco curing
site and the surrounded farmlands were extracted with sonicator and the extracts were
fractionated saturate, aromatic (PAHs) and polar fractions. The detection and quantification
of 19 priority PAHs compounds were carried out using GC-FID. The total concentration of
the 19 PAHs in soils ranged between 136.70 g/kg to 889.30 g/kg and the highest
concentration was recorded at the curing site while the lowest concentration was recorded at
the distant farmland. The distribution of PAHs ring size is in the order of 5˃4˃γ˃6˃β and the
diagnostic indices calculated showed that the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
the samples were mainly pyrogenic. The total concentration of carcinogenic PAHs ranged
from 6.07 g/kg to 321.04 g/kg and total concentration of toxic PAHs ranged from 6.27
g/kg to 254.37 g/kg and the mean concentration were closer to accepted detection limit.
The concentration and distribution of individual PAHs in the samples showed that tobacco
processing local industry is the major source of pollution in the study area and the farmlands
needs to be remediated before further use.
Keywords: Pollution, soil, PAHs, carcinogenic

32
Proximate analysis of the edible part of African walnut and physico-
chemical analysis of the oil extracted from the nut (Tetracarpidium
conophorum)
Adekanmbi, T. O. and Abiona, O. O.
Chemical Sciences Department, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author’s Emailμ duntval@gmail.com, Phone number: +2348038041050
ABSTRACT
The proximate composition of raw nut of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut)
were quantitatively evaluated using the methods of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists (AOAC). Walnuts were dehulled, sorted, dried, weighed and milled to powdered
form. The results of the study showed that the moisture content is 4.3% , ash content 7.0% ,
crude protein 17.73% , crude fibre 6.5% , crude oil 56.55% , carbohydrate 7.92% . The oil
was extracted using soxhlet extraction method and characterized for physicochemical
properties using standard methods. Oil yield of walnut kernel was 56.55% and the physico-
chemical analysis of oil extract include the specific gravity, saponification, acid value, free
fatty acid, ester, peroxide value and viscosity, the values are 0.8911 , 82.05 , 3.60 , 2.5, 78.45
, 9.40, and 1.512 respectively. Characterization of the oil revealed that the oil has free fatty
acid content and ester which suggest its suitability also as edible oil while the high acid and
low peroxide content were indicatives of high susceptibility to rancidity and low antioxidant
levels. These suggest the suitability of walnut oil for industrial and domestic purposes.
Keywords: Proximate composition, Tetracarpidium conophorum, Physico-chemical
properties,
Research Area: Analytical Chemistry

33
Tetraaza macrocyclic ligands: synthesis, elucidation, antibacterial and
antifungal studies
E.C. Ohaekenyem1
*, V.I Onwukeme1
, F.B. Okoye2
, J.T. Okonkwo2
, U.E Ekpunobi1
1
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra
State Nigeria
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State Nigeria
* Corresponding author: ecohaekenyem@yahoo.com, ec.ohaekenyem@unizik.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
Two teteraazamacrocyclic ligands —1, 6, 9, 14 -Tetraazacyclodotriaconta-1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13,
15, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 28, 31 -Tetradecene (Civel), and 1,6,9,14-tetraaza-3,4,11,12-
tetrahydroxyl-cyclodotriaconta-1,5,7,8,9,13,15,16,18,21,23,25,28,31-tetradecene (jicvel)
were prepared using 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline(A) and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-
dicarbaldehyde(B), with the later being a product of oxidation of the 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-
phenanthroline. The civel ligand was synthesized by the condensation of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-
phenanthroline and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbaldehyde, using Zeisel method, while
jicvel ligand was synthesized through benzoin condensation of 2,9-dial derivative of 1,10-
phenanthroline. The Co complex of civel was equally synthesised. The structures of the
ligands were elucidated using results obtained from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy having 1
HNMR signals at 3.15 ppm and 7.78-8.46 ppm, and 13
CNMR signals at
23.20 ppm and 126.10-160.10ppm; Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy
confirms the presence of functional groups with the following vibrations 1493.92cm-1
,
1586.50, 2928.04cm-1
, 2850.00cm-1
; High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), X-
Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Ultra-Violet (UV) spectroscopy. The Ultra-Violet (UV) analysis
results, together with Tanabe-Sugano energy diagrams revealed that the Co ion in the
complex was in +4 oxidation state with band assignments, 1,2
T2g to (2
T1g, 2
A2g); 2,2
T2g to
2
Eg; 3,2
T2g to 2
A1g ; that the ligands were of strong field and that the complex is octahedral in
shape. The Crystal Field Stabilisation Energy (CFSE) calculated showed -11174cm-1
as the
stabilisation energy of transition metal (Co) complex. The compounds A, civel was in
orthorhombic crystal system, while B, jicvel, was in Cubic crystal systems. Antimicrobial
analysis of the ligands and the complex on two gram-negative bacteria, (Escherichia coli and
Klebsiella pneumonia), two gram positive bacteria, (Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus
subtilis), and two fungi, (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) showed activity against
gram positive bacteria and fungi but none against gram negative. They can find applications
in pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Supramolecules, tetraaza macrocycles, ligand, and phenanthroline
Specialty: Inorganic Chemistry
N
N N
N
OH
OH OH
OH
(A) (B) CIVEL JICVEL

34
Rhodamine B dye sequestration using Gmelina arborea leaves
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Esther Oluwadamilola ALABI*
E-mail corresponding author: alabiestherdamilola@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Chemically prepared activated carbon derived from Gmelina arborea leaves (GAL) were
used as adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solutions. The
textural adsorptive characteristics of activated carbon prepared from GAL were studied using
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR), Energy
Dispersive X-ray (EDX), pH point of zero charge (pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT)
techniques respectively. The effect of contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature
were also examined. Experimental data was analyzed using four different isotherm model
equations: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich. Four adsorption kinetic
models: Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models
were used to test the adsorption experimental data in order to elucidate the kinetic adsorption
process. The adsorption of Rh-B dye on GAL was best described by Langmuir Isotherm
model with maximum monolayer coverage of 1000 mg.g-1
. Adsorption data was best
described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as
standard free energy change (ΔGo
), standard enthalpy change (ΔHo
), standard entropy change
(ΔSo
) were studied. Values of ΔHo
was 1510.86 Jmol-1
, ΔSo
was 386.26 Jmol-1
K-1
, ΔGo
varied between -22712.58 to -18193 Jmol-1
indicating that the removal of Rh-B dye from
aqueous solution by GAL was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Acid treated GAL was
found to be an effective absorbent for the removal of Rh-B dye from aqueous solution.
Keywords: Rhodamine B; Gmelina arborea leaves; isotherms; kinetics; thermodynamics.
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry – Adsorption Technology

35
Phytochemical and anti-microbial analysis of the leaves of Cola Gigantea
(Sterculiaceae)
Chukwuebuka T. Onyema*, Emmanuel C. Ohaekenyem and Vincent I.E. Ajiwe
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.O Box 5025,
Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author’s emailμ ct.onyema@unizik.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
The abundance of diseases caused by different microorganisms with their susceptibility to
treatment using locally sourced medicinal plants and rapid resistance to conventional drugs
necessitated the phytochemical and antimicrobial analyses of the purified leaves extract of
Cola gigantea. Extracts obtained using Harbone method of extraction were separated using a
combination of column and preparative thin layer chromatography resulting in the isolation
of two fractions tagged A and B with Rf values of 0.4467 and 0.7067 respectively. Structure
elucidation of fractions using FTIR, UV-Visible, GCMS, H1
and C13
- NMR gave rise to the
following suggested compounds A and B. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of
some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids,
steroids, tannin, terpenoids in various concentrations with cyanogenic glycosides and saponin
completely absent. The values of mineral elements; Cd (0.40mg/g), As (0.03mg/g), Cr
(0.90mg/g), Co (0.43mg/g), Fe (0.04mg/g) etc in the leaves all conformed to the WHO
recommendations thus showing its overall safety for therapeutic purposes. Punched Agar
diffusion method for antimicrobial analysis was carried out on the two isolated fractions
comparatively with a standard drug cipromax fort (a broad spectrum antibiotic). A total of
fourteen test organisms consisting of eleven bacteria strains and three fungi were used with
the leaves fractions being active on all the test organisms given their average diameter zones
of inhibition which ranged between 10mm and 28mm. As such these fractions can serve as
anti-microbials to diseases caused by these test organisms as acclaimed by ethnomedical
practitioners.
Keywords: Cola gigantea, phytochemicals, anti-microbials, structure elucidation, heavy
metals
Isolated Leaves Fractions A and B
Research Area: Organic/Natural Products Chemistry
A B
1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid,dioctyl-dodecanoic
acid,2-propenoic acid,2-methyl-ethenyl ester
Dodecanoic acid
1,2-Benzene Dicarboxylic Acid, Diisooctyl
Ester,2-Hydroxy Cyclopentadecanone

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