Looking directly at the sun can lead to permanent eye injury due to damage of light-sensitive rod and cone cells within the retina. There are two ways to look at the Sun safely: by observing the sun directly through a suitable filter, or by projecting the Sun’s reflection onto a piece of paper via handmade pinhole camera/ telescope. The present correspondence shows the specification for the development of an optical instrument for the direct observation of sun. For this device, commonly available solar control glass plates can be used. The design of this filter is based on the fact that both visible and UV radiation comply with the law of Reflection and Refraction of light. As light rays appeared on the glass plate, most of the rays pass through the glass after refraction. A portion of the incident ray is mirrored and goes out to the next glass panel, where the same thing is going to happen. Through this way, multiple glass plates reflect the light ray before diffuse light is received. Owing to the fact that diffuse reflection is responsible for the ability to see most illuminated objects, we will be able to see the dull image of sun directly through this filter during the solar eclipse.

1. TOKYO SUMMIT-2
2nd International Conference on
Innovative Studies of Contemporary Sciences
IAugust 17-19, 2020 Tokyo Japan
The Book of Full Texts
Edited by
Dr. Dr. Froilan D. Mobo
Zhuldyz SAKHI
ISBN 978-625-7139-21-2
Applied Sciences

2. INTERNATIONAL TOKYO CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE STUDIES OF
CONTEMPORARY SCIENCES-II
TOKYO SUMMIT, 2020
A NEW FILTER FOR SAFE VIEW OF SOLAR ECLIPSE
Siddhant
Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Durgesh Nandini Degree College, Ayodhya (U.P.) India
Abstract
Looking directly at the sun can lead to permanent eye injury due to damage of light-sensitive rod and
cone cells within the retina. There are two ways to look at the Sun safely: by observing the sun
directly through a suitable filter, or by projecting the Sun’s reflection onto a piece of paper via
handmade pinhole camera/ telescope. The present correspondence shows the specification for the
development of an optical instrument for the direct observation of sun. For this device, commonly
available solar control glass plates can be used. The design of this filter is based on the fact that both
visible and UV radiation comply with the law of Reflection and Refraction of light. As light rays
appeared on the glass plate, most of the rays pass through the glass after refraction. A portion of the
incident ray is mirrored and goes out to the next glass panel, where the same thing is going to happen.
Through this way, multiple glass plates reflect the light ray before diffuse light is received. Owing to
the fact that diffuse reflection is responsible for the ability to see most illuminated objects, we will be
able to see the dull image of sun directly through this filter during the solar eclipse.
Key Words: Solar filter, Solar Eclipse, Diffuse Light, sun light controlling glass
INTRODUCTION
Eclipse of the sun occurs as the new moon passes between earth and the sun. If the moon occupies the
whole disk of the sun, there is a complete eclipse of the sun with the corona. In the eclipse, the
moon’s shadow is cast on the earth and travels more than 1,000 miles per hour across the earth
surface. Direct solar observations during the eclipse will result solar retinopathy (Chou,1997). The
clinical condition is also known as photomaculopathy, eclipse retinopathy and foveomacular retinitis.
Solar retinopathy symptoms typically occur within 1 to 4 hour after exposure and include decreased
vision, metamorphopsia, micropsia, and central or paracentral scotomata (Afaq et al., 2007;
Baisakhiya et al., 2013). Chromatopsia and photophobia can also be present in patients (Yannuzzi et
al., 1987). There are two ways to look at the Sun safely: by observing the sun directly through a
suitable filter, or by projecting the Sun’s reflection onto a piece of paper via handmade pinhole
camera/ telescope. With the exception of pinhole camera, solar filters and telescope are beyond the
reach of people from small towns and cities. The present correspondence suggests the specification
for the development of direct observation optical instrument that is not only cheap but easy to build at
home with solar control glass plates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This optical system uses the solar control glass plates. These plates are cut into the small rectangular
pieces with the dimensions of 5cm x3 cm. Each glass plate is arranged on the card board as shown in
Figure.1(B) so that each may reflect the incident rays at right angle. The glass plates are also fixed on
the card board at right angle with the help of clamps. Few cardboard plates are also fixed on the base
as shown in the Figure.2 to minimize the interference of rays. It should be in mind when arranging the
plates, the shiny /mirrored face of plate should be towards incident side.
126

3. INTERNATIONAL TOKYO CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE STUDIES OF
CONTEMPORARY SCIENCES-II
TOKYO SUMMIT, 2020
Figure:1 (A) Solar control glass showing different faces (B) Arrangement of glass plates in cardboard box
(The number of glass plates shown is for presentation purposes only)
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Mechanism of the filter:
The detailed mechanism of the filter is shown in the Figure.2. The design of the proposed
filter is based on the fact that both visible and UV radiation comply with the law of
Reflection and Refraction of light. As Sunlight incident on the first glass plate, most of the
rays pass through the glass after refraction. A portion of the incident ray is mirrored at right
angle and goes out to the second glass panel where a large portion of light is refracted again.
After reflection from the second plate, the light rays incident on the next glass plate where the
same thing is going to happen. Through this way, multiple glass plates refract and reflect the
light ray before diffuse light is received. Owing to the fact that diffuse reflection is
responsible for the ability to see most illuminated objects, we will be able to see the dull
image of sun directly through this filter during the solar eclipse.
CONCLUSION
This is new solar filter to view the solar eclipse efficiently. Further research on the proposed solar
filter is needed to improve its function.
REFERENCES
1. Afaq A, Zia-ul-Haque M, Sharif-ul-Hassan K 2007. Solar Retinopathy. Pakistan Journal of
Ophthalmology, 23(3):161-164.
2. Baisakhiya S, Chaudhry M, Manjhi P, Babber M, Mehta C 2013.Acute Solar
Retinopathy. Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology, 23(4): 285-287.
3. Chou BR 1997. Eye Safety During Solar Eclipses - Myths and Realities. In: Mouradian Z,
Stavinschi M (eds), Theoretical and Observational Problems Related to Solar Eclipses.
Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 243-247.
4. Yannuzzi LA, Fisher YL, Krueger A, Slakter J, 1987. Solar retinopathy: A
photobiological and geophysical analysis. Transactions of the American
Ophthalmological Society, 85: 120–158.
(A) (B)
127

4. INTERNATIONAL TOKYO CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE STUDIES OF
CONTEMPORARY SCIENCES-II
TOKYO SUMMIT, 2020
Figure 2. Mechanism of new solar filter (The number of glass plates shown is for presentation
purposes only)
128

5. TOKYO SUMMIT
ISBN 978-625-7139-21-2