Questions part 2 medical equipment

1. Questions Part2
Q1: Choose the correct answer:
1- Cancer cells have the given properties than Normal cells
a. Repair themselves more effectively after radiation.
b. Have over reproducing.
c. Don’t have a built in bold vessel system.
d. B and C.*
2- The Objective of Radiotherapy is
a. Maximize the dose to abnormal cells. *
b. Minimize the dose to abnormal cells.
c. Maximize exposure to normal cells.
d. Same exposure to normal and abnormal cells.
3- Brachytherapy is a tumor treatment made by
a. Applying radioactive sources that are put inside the patient. *
b. Injecting a chemical dose.
c. Applying external ionizing beam.
d. None of the above.
4- The Megavoltage beams are used in Radiotherapy as
a. More penetrating.
b. The maximum dose is delivered below the skin surface.
c. Easy to be generated.
d. Both A and B.*
5- In LINAC, the electrons gain energy by interacting
a. With a synchronized radio-frequency electromagnetic.*
b. By acceleration using direct potential.
c. Both A and B.
d. None of the above.
6- A crossed field device is better used to describe a
a. Magnetron.*
b. Klystron.
c. The wave guide.
d. Nothing of the above.
7- The circulator if found
a. Between the klystron and the waveguide.*
b. Between the magnetron and klystron.
c. Between the waveguide and the target.
d. Between the target and the collimator.
8- Achromatic bending system occurs when electrons exit at
a. The same point.
b. The same direction.
c. The same Energy.
d. Both A and B. *
9- Roentgen is units used to measure
a. Exposure Dose. *
b. Absorbed dose.
c. Biologically Equivalent Dose.
d. All the above.
10- The total dose can be decreased by
a. Increasing the exposure Time.
b. Increasing Distance. *

2. c. Decreasing Shielding.
d. None of the above.
11- The objective of having ionization Chambers in LINAC
a. Dose Measurement.
b. Beam uniformity measurement.
c. Machine stop safety.
d. All the above. *
12- The gain Intensity of the standing wave guide is
a. Increasing exponentially with the length.
b. Decreasing exponentially with the guide length.
c. Constant along the guide. *
d. Depends on the RF applied along the wave guide.
13- The Decay constant for 100.0 g of carbon-14, which decays until only 25.0 g of carbon after 11460 y,
a. 3970 y.
b. 5728 y.
c. 8266 y. *
d. 11927 y.
14- The half-life time for the carbon-14
a. 3970 y.
b. 5728 y. *
c. 8266 y.
d. 11927 y
15- Determine the identity of the nucleus X in the reaction 𝑐4
14
+ n -----> X + gamma
16- Which rays contain positive charged particles
A. alpha rays *
B. beta rays
C. gamma rays
D. X rays
17- With half life of 24000 years, if plutonium is stored for 72000 years, the fraction of it
that remains is
A. 1/8 *
B. 1/3
C. 1/4
D. ½
18- When beta decay occurs, which of the following quantities will change?
(1) The atomic number of the nucleus.
(2) The mass number of the nucleus.
(3) The number of neutrons in the nucleus.
(4) The number of radioactive nuclei in the sample.
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only *
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
19- Which type of radiation cannot be detected by a photographic film badge used in
hospitals?
A. α radiation *
B. β radiation

3. C. γ radiation
D. X-ray
20- Radioactivity:
A. a radionuclide is an atom with a stable nucleus
B. the activity of a radionuclide is the number of decays per hour
C. unit of activity is the Electron Volt
D. the daughter product is not always radioactive *
21- Which of the following is (are) true about SPECT and PET?
I.Each has a corresponding projection modality.
II.Each is a tomographic imaging modality based on the emission of gamma particles
from within the patient.
III.Each requires the use of collimators.
A. only II.
B. I and II.
C. I and III.*
D. II and III.
E. I, II, and III.
22- The spontaneous transformation of a radionuclide resulting in decrease of the number of
radioactive events in a sample is the definition for:
A.Decay *
B.activity
C.exposure
23- Which of the following is (are) true about both SPECT and PET?
I. Each has a corresponding projection modality.
II. Each is a tomographic imaging modality based on the emission of gamma particles from
within the patient.
III. Each involves the annihilation of matter and antimatter
A. only II. *
B. I and II.
C. I and III.
D. II and III.
E. I, II, and III.
24-Which of the following statements about combined PET/CT scanners is false (or all are true)?
A. The primarily physiological, higher-resolution information from the CT scanner is combined
with the primarily anatomical, lower-resolution information from the PET scanner. *
B. Registration of the two imaging modalities is greatly facilitated since the patient only needs
to be slid a short distance between the actual scanners.
C. The CT scanner is used to determine the attenuation along each Line of Response in the PET
scanner.
D. Virtually every PET scanner sold today also contains a CT scanner.
E. All are true.
25-Unlike CT, in nuclear medicine
A. Bremsstrahlung is not used to produce high-energy photons. *
B. signal can be increased by increasing the radiation dose.
C. crystals are used to convert high energy photons into light photons.
D. electromagnetic radiation, not particulate radiation, is used to image.
E. causing cancer is not a risk

4. 26- The following modes of decay are used in Nuclear Medicine imaging except, or all are used.
A. Alpha decay. * (as it is harmful and desteructive so they not preferred to use it)
B. Positron decay.
D. Beta decay.
E. All are used.
27-Which of the following statements is false about radioactive decay (or all are true)?
A. Half-life is fifty percent of the time it takes for all of the sample to decay. * (as Half-life is the time
it takes for fifty percent of the sample to decay )
B. Its statistics is governed by the Poisson distribution.
C. The radioactivity (how many radioactive atoms are undergoing decay every second) in a given
sample decreases with time as an inverse exponential.
D. The number of radioactive atoms remaining in a given sample decreases with time as an inverse
exponential.
E. All the above *
28-Which of the following statements is false?
A. Coincidence detection in PET is used to determine the direction of travel of the two
simultaneously emitted gamma photons, and hence to decide on which line of response the
radioactivity occurs
B. In PET imaging the attenuation factor for the pair of photons generated on a given line of
response is independent of the location of the activity along that line of response *
C. An uncertainty always exists as to the location of the positron decay due to the distance the
positron travels before annihilating with an electron
D. Random occurrences in which two different decays each contribute a photon that is detected
within the same time window constitute a source of noise in PET imaging
E. None is false
Q2: Right or Wrong
1- To increase beam intensity, a high-atomic-number target material is required. “T”
2- Gamma Radiation is more penetrable than Alpha Radiation “T”
3- The cell damage result by a Radiotherapy unit can be considered as is lethal damage “F”
4- Magnetron is used to generate radiofrequency (r.f.) power sources in high Energy LINAC. “F”
5- The flattening filter is used to improve the uniformity of the electron beam hitting the target. “F”
6- In Megavoltage machine, the target acts as a transmission target. ”T”
7- Triode gun is usually found along with standing wave guide for a LINAC machine “T”
8- Multi-leaf collimator is used to shape the beam to fit the tumor shape “T”
9- To perform the same amplification, Usually Standing wave guides are longer than travelling wave guide. “F”
10- Unlike the magnetron, the klystron is not an R.F. oscillator, but it is an R.F. amplifier. “T”
11- As a sample of radioactive element decays, its half life decreases. (F)
12- the name of the device required to produce positron-emitting elements is called cyclotron (T)
13- In many cases, PET can detect abnormal function before the onset of physical symptoms (T)
14- Cobalt-60 is most effective in the treatment of deep-seated, cancerous tissue(T)