2. Unit II
Objective
To enable the Students to be familiar with the
dempgraphic features of India
Population Growth and Policy
Population growth and trend. Demographic features: Birth Rate,
Death Rate, Life expectancy, Density, Age, Sex composition
and literacy. Causes – Effects – remedies to population growth.
Population policies in India.
3. Agenda
Population Growth and trend
01 Population
Birth rate, Death rate, life expectancy,
density, age and sex literacy02 Demography
Causes – Effects & Remedies to
population control03 Impacts
Population policies in India
04 Policy
5. Population in India
India is the second largest populated country in the
world next to china, which constitutes 2 % of total
land area in the world
Land
Density of
population
Growth
Rate
2
7
24
102
6.67 % to Asia’s land area
72.74% of the subcontinent
22 times more than Bangladesh
77 times more than Bhutan
8. 1 2
3 4
all the organism of the
same group /species which
live a particular geographic
area and have the
capability of interbreeding
Biology
Population refers to
collection of humans
Sociology
Set of organism in
which any pair of
members can breed
together
Ecology
the application
of economic analysis to
demography,
Population economics
Population
Meaning and definition
9. The whole number of
poeople or inhabitants
in a country or a region
Whole number
The act or process of
populating
Act of populating
A body of personos or
individuals having a
quality or characteric
incommon.
Common characteric
The total of individuals
occupying an area or
making up a whole
Total individual
Population
Meaning
10. Vital statistics, age, sex, and
related factors
Demography
Group, Place and Time
Population
Population is the number of persons occupying a
certain geographic area, drawing substance from
their habitat, and interacting with one another
Population
as the statistical study of human population with regard to their size and structure, their composition
by sex, age, marital, status and ethnic origin
Demography
Population
Population and Demography
11. 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
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548 million
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684 million
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844 million
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1027 million
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1210 million
TimeLine Layout
Growth of Population in India
12. Population Growth
and trend
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40%
30%
20%
10%
13. Size
and
Growth
Population in India
Census Year
Population
(million)
Growth
Rate (%)
1931 279 11.16
1941 319 14.34
1951 361 13.17
1961 439 21.61
1971 548 24.83
1981 684 24.82
1991 844 23.39
2001 1,027 21.68
2011 1,210 17.82
14. Population (million) ,
1931, 279
Population (million) ,
1941, 319
Population (million) ,
1951, 361
Population (million) ,
1961, 439
Population (million) ,
1971, 548
Population (million) ,
1981, 684
Population (million) ,
1991, 844
Population (million) ,
2001, 1027
Population (million) ,
2011, 1210
Population (million)
Population Growth
Trends in Population Growth in India
16. Total population
Number of Births
X 1000
Birth
Rate
the number of live
births per thousand
of population per
year
17. Birth Rate
Trends in Birth Rate in India
Census
Year
Birth Rate
1941 45.2
1951 39.9
1961 40.9
1971 41.1
1981 33.3
1991 37.0
2001 27.0
2011 22.1
45.2
39.9 40.9 41.1
33.3
37.0
27.0
22.1
Birth Rate
18. Total population
Number of Deaths
X 1000
Death
Rate
the number of
deaths per one
thousand people
per year
19. Death Rate
Trends in Death Rate in India
Census
Year
Death Rate
1941 31.2
1951 27.4
1961 22.8
1971 18.9
1981 12.5
1991 15.0
2001 9.5
2011 7.2
31.2
27.4
22.8
18.9
12.5
15
9.5
7.2
Death Rate
20. Birth Rate and Death Rate
Birth Rate and Death Rate in India
31.2
27.4
22.8
18.9
12.5
15.0
9.5
7.2
45.2
39.9 40.9 41.1
33.3
37.0
27.0
22.1
Death Rate Birth Rate
22. Life Expectancy
Trends in Life Expectancy in India
Year Life expectancy
1941 31.73
1951 32.05
1961 41.22
1971 45.55
1981 54.83
1991 59.70
2001 63.50
2011 66.86
Life expectancy ,
1941, 31.73
Life expectancy ,
1951, 32.05
Life expectancy ,
1961, 41.22
Life expectancy ,
1971, 45.55
Life expectancy ,
1981, 54.83
Life expectancy ,
1991, 59.7
Life expectancy ,
2001, 63.5
Life expectancy ,
2011, 66.86
y = 27.982e0.1182x
R² = 0.9574
Life expectancy
23. expressed as
number of people
per square kilometer
or square mile
Land Area (sq.km)
Total population
Density
24. Density
Trends in Density of population in India
Year Density
1941 103
1951 117
1961 142
1971 178
1981 216
1991 267
2001 324
2011 382
Density ,
1941, 103
Density ,
1951, 117
Density ,
1961, 142
Density ,
1971, 178
Density ,
1981, 216
Density ,
1991, 267
Density ,
2001, 324
Density ,
2011, 382
Density
25. a gradual decline in the age group 0-14
from 41.2 in 1971 to 38.1 per cent in
1981, further 36.3 in 1991 to 29.5
percent in 2011. 1991 to 2011.
the proportion of economically active
population (15-59 years) has increased from
53.4 to 56.3 percent during 1971 to 1981 and
57.7 to 62.5 per cent during 1991 – 2011
Age
Age Pyramid : Age Structure
26. Age
Age structure of India : 2011
Age group Population Per cent
0 – 4 110,447,164 10.7
5 – 9 128,316,790 12.5
10 – 14 124,846,858 12.1
15- 19 100,215,890 9.7
20 – 24 89,764,132 8.7
25 – 44 284,008,819 27.6
45 – 64 139,166,661 13.5
65 – 79 41,066,824 4.0
80+ 8,038,718 0.8
Less Than 18 422,808,543 41.1
Less than 21 492,193,906 47.9
Age no stated 2,738,472 0.3
28. the number of
females per 1000 of
males
Number of males
Number of female
X 1000
Sex
Ratio
29. Sex Ratio
Trends in sex ratio in India
Year Density
1941
845
1951
946
1961
941
1971
930
1981
934
1991
927
2001
933
2011
943
Sex Ratio,
1941, 845
Sex Ratio,
1951, 946
Sex Ratio,
1961, 941Sex Ratio,
1971, 930
Sex Ratio,
1981, 934
Sex Ratio,
1991, 927
Sex Ratio,
2001, 933
Sex Ratio,
2011, 943
Sex Ratio
31. 51.6% 48.4%
% to the total
population in 2011
51.6%
Haryana State
registered lowest sex
ratio
877
% to the total
population in 2011
48.4%
Kerala state registered
the highest sex ratio
1084
In 2011, out of 1210 million, 624 (51.57
per cent) million were male.
62,37,24,248
In 2011, out of 1210 million586 (48.43
per cent) million were female
58,64,69,174
Sex
Sex composition in India: 2011
32. Literacy
Literacy Rates in
India
Year
Percentage of Literates
Total Male Female
1951 18.33 27.16 8.86
1961 28.30 40.40 15.35
1971 34.45 45.96 21.97
1981 43.57 56.38 29.76
1991 52.21 64.13 39.29
2001 64.83 75.26 63.67
2011 74.04 82.14 65.46
42. Population
Policies in
India
India’s bed rooms are more
fertile than India’s oil and child
producing has become a big
cottage industry in India
-Chandrasekar
Minister for Planning
43. 02
01
03
A set of Coordinated laws
aimed at reaching some
demographic goal
Biurgeois-Pichat,1974
A deliberate effort by a national
government to influence the
demographic variables like
fertility, mortality and migration
Organski & Organski,1961
Measures formulated by a range
of social institutions including
Government which may influence
the size, distribution or
composition of human population
Driver,1972
Set of Ideas or Plans that is used as a basis for
decision making;
Attitude and actions of an organization regarding
a particular issue;
General Statement of understanding which guide
decision making
Policy
Population Policy
Meaning of population policy
44. India’s population
increased (from 238
million to 1.24 billion)
5 times
India may overtake China
to become the most
populous country in the
world.
In 2045
According to 2011 census, India had 1.247
billion (124 crores) people, i.e., 16 percent of
the world’s population on 2.4 percent of the
globe’s land area.
Stabilizing population is an essential
requirement for promoting sustainable
development with more equitable distribution .
Population in India
Population Policy
Need for population policy in India
Global population
increased (from 2 billion
to 7.2 billion .
3.6 folds
45. Karan singh, minister for Health and Family
Planning announced the National Population
Policy .
1976
Family Planning Programme
1952
India was the first country in the world
To deter population growth
to reduce the nation’s birth rate from 35 to 25
per 1000 by 1984.
could not wait for result in fertility drop.
to encourage and promote girls’ education.
did not wish to legislate compulsory sterilization
background
Population Policy
Population Policy 1976
46. Reduced from 25 in 1951 to
9.0 in 1998
.
Crude Death Rate
Added 25 years from 37
years to 62 years
Lfie Expectancy
Reduced from 40.8 in 1951 to
26.4 in 998;
Crude Birth Rate
Halved from 146 per 1000 live
births in 1951 to 72 per 1000
live births in 1998
Infant Mortality Rate
Achievements
Achievements of Population Policy before 2000
47. National
Population Policy
2000
provides a policy framework for
advancing goals and prioritizing
strategies during the next decade, to
meet the reproductive and child health
needs of the people of India, and to
achieve net replacement levels (TFR)
by 2010
48. NPP 2000
Immediate Objectives
to address the unmet needs for contraception,
health care infrastructure and health personnel
and
to provide integrated service delivery for basic
reproductive and child health care.
49. NPP 2000
Medium term Objectives
to bring the TFR to replacement level
by 2010 through vigorous
implementation of intersectoral
operational strategies.
50. NPP 2000
Goals for 2010
Address the unmet needs for basic RCH services, supplies and
infrastructure.
Make school education up to age 14 years free and compulsory, and
reduce drop outs rate from primary and secondary school levels to
below 20 percent for both boys and girls.
Reduce IMR to 30/1000 live births
Reduce maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 100 per 1000
live births
51. NPP 2000
Goals for 2010
Achieve universal immunization of children against all Vaccine
Preventable Disease (VPD).
Promote delayed marriage for girls, at age not less than 18,and
preferable after 20 years.
Achieve 80% institutional delivery and 100% by trained personnels
Achieve universal access to information/ counseling services for
fertility regulation and contraceptive with wide basket of choices
52. NPP 2000
Goals for 2010
Achieve 100% registration of births, deaths, marriage, and pregnancy.
Containment of AIDS, and greater integration between the
management of AIDS and STD.
Prevention and control of communicable diseases.
Integration of Indian system of medicine in provision of RCH
services, and in reaching out to households.
Promote small family norm to achieve replacement level of Total
Fertility Rate 2.1.
