population growth in India is covered under this topic.

1. PREPARED BY:
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2. POPULATION GROWTH
IN
INDIA
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3. INTRODUCTION:
• India comes next only to China as regards the size of its
population but is seventh in this world as regards the size of
its area.
• Thus, on 2.4 percent of world's area with 1.8 percent of world
income, India is maintaining 18 percent of world's population.
• It clearly indicates that there is excessive burden of
population in India.
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4. 4HSK

5. Size and Growth of lndia’s
population:
India's population increased rapidly in the post-independence
period.
 Between 1951-61, it increased by more than 7.82 crore which
exceeded its growth rate of the previous 40 years.
 Between 1971-81, growth rate of population was 24.8
percent.
 Between 1981-91 it was 23.8 percent.
 The population was estimated to be 84 crore 63 lakh in the
year 1991 and 102.90 crore in 2001.
 In the year 2011, size of population was 121.02 crore.
 Every year there is an addition of about 1 crore 80 lakhs
persons in our country population.
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6. Size and growth of India’s population till 2011
are indicated in the following table:
Growth of population of India
Year Population (crore)
Increase in Population
(crore)
1891
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
23.87
25.13
27.90
31.87
36.11
43.92
54.82
68.33
84.63
102.90
121.02
-----
1.26
2.77
3.97
4.24
7.81
10.90
13.51
16.30
18.27
18.12
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8. Classification of Growth of Population:
Period of stable population(1891-1921)
Period of growth of population(1921-1951)
Period of population explosion(1951-1981)
Period of high growth but with signs of slowing down
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9. Birth Rate And Death Rate:
Birth rate refers to number of children born
per thousand persons in a year.
Death rate refers to number of people dying
per thousand persons in a year.
when it is said that birth rate in India is 22 it
means every year 22 children are born per
thousand persons, on the average.
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10. Birth rate and death rate situation in India for
the last 108 years is shown in Table :
Period Birth rate
(per 1,000 per Year)
Death rate
(per 1,000 per Year)
Growth Rate
(Of Decade)
1901-1910
1921-1930
1951-1960
1961-1970
1971-1980
1981-1990
1991-2001
2009
49.2
46.4
41.7
37.9
36.0
32.5
25.0
22.5
42.6
36.3
22.8
19.0
15.0
11.4
8.1
7.3
6.6
10.1
18.9
18.9
21.O
21.1
16.9
15.2
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12. Rural-Urban Population :
India is an agricultural country, so ratio of urban population
is less than rural population.
Ratio of urban-rural population in different census years is
shown in the following Table:
Year Ratio of Rural
Population (%)
Ratio of Urban
Population (%)
1901
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
89.2
82.7
82.0
80.1
76.7
74.3
72.2
10.8
17.3
18.0
19.9
23.3
25.7
27.8
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14. Two main causes of rise in urban
population in India are :
 Migration Effect: Rural life in India suffers from many difficulties,
such as, less opportunities of employment, low level of income,
lack of educational and training facilities, lack of health and medical
facilities, etc. In order to get rid of these difficulties rural-people
migrate to urban areas.
 Attraction Effect: Urban living has its own attraction, such as
educational, medical and health facilities, job opportunities,
development of railways, recreation centres, restaurants and park,
etc.
Rural people are very much tempted by these allurements and
decide to settle in towns and cities.
According to a report by National Sample Survey, main cause
of rural-male to migrate to urban areas is employment and
rural-female is wedding ties.
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15. Age Structure/Composition :
Age structure of the population of a country indicates the
extent to which the population of that country is useful
from the economic point of view.
 Population in the age group of 15-60 years is known as
working population.
 Population in the age group of 0-14 years and above 60
years is known as non-working/dependent population.
Higher proportion of working population is beneficial
for the economic development of the nation.
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16. Further information with regard to age structure
is given in table :
Year Age-group: 0-14
years (%)
Age-group: 15-60
years (%)
Age-group:
Above 60 years
(%)
1911
1951
1981
1991
2001
2006
2016(target)
38.8
37.4
39.5
36.5
35.3
32.3
25.1
60.2
57.1
54.0
57.1
57.0
58.7
64.8
1.0
5.5
6.5
6.4
7.7
9.0
10.1
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17. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Age-group: 0-14 years
(%)
Age-group: 15-60 years
(%)
Age-group: Above 60
years (%)
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18. Expectation of Life/Life Expectancy:
Expectation of life refers to the average life of the people
of a country.
In India expectation of life of the people is very short.
Average life expectancy is shown in Table:
Year Expectation of Life
(in years)
Year Expectation of Life
(in years)
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
19.4
26.9
32.0
33.0
41.0
1971
1981
1991
2001
2010
52.0
54.0
59.0
64.0
64.4
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20. Sex Ratio :
In fact, in most of the nations of the world, males out number
the females.
Sex ratio in the world is 984 females to 1,000 males.
According to 2011 Census, sex ratio in India was 940 females
to 1,000 males.
It has changed from census to census as shown in Table.
Year No. of Women per
1,000 men
Year No. of Women per
1,000 men
1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
972
964
955
950
945
946
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
941
930
934
927
933
940
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22. Literacy:
Any person above the age of 7 years, who can read and write in any
language is treated as literate.
 According to the census of 2011, the rate of literacy in
India is 74.04 per cent.
— Males rate of literacy is 82.l4 percent.
— Females rate of literacy is 65.46 percent.
State Literacy rate (%)
(female)
State Literacy rate (%)
(female)
Kerala
Rajasthan
Punjab
92
52.7
71.3
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jharkhand
66.8
76.6
56.2
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24. Occupational Structure of Population :
Economists divide all occupations into three
sectors:
 Primary Sector: It includes such economic activities as
are related to agriculture, animal husbandry forestry,
fisheries, etc.
 Secondary Sector: It includes manufacturing industries,
village and small-scale industry, etc.
 Tertiary Sector: It includes trade, transport,
communication, banking, insurance, etc.
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25. Changes in the occupational distribution of
population in India are shown in table :
Occupation 1901 1971 1991 2000 2004-
2005
2006-
2007
Primary Sector
Secondary Sector
Tertiary Sector
71.7
12.6
15.7
72.1
11.2
16.7
67.4
12.1
20.5
57.4
16.8
25.8
52
19.5
28.5
50.2
20.4
29.4
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
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27. Following inferences can be drawn regarding
occupational distribution of population in India:
Agriculture is Main occupation
Less Development of industries
Indian economy is highly unbalanced
Less income
Small villages
Backward agriculture
Increase in the proportion of agricultural labourers
No special change in occupational distribution
Less development of tertiary activities
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28. Suggestions regarding occupational structure:
 With regard to occupational structure of India, the policy of
the government has been to develop rapidly small and
cottage industries, transport, banking, trade, etc.
 Prof. Wadia and Merchant have suggested that small and
medium sized industries should be developed in the country.
 Dr. Rangnekar have suggested that the lobourers instead of
rushing to manufacturing industries should join service
sector i.e. transport, petrol pump, hotel, etc.
 India should lay more stress on the development of labour
intensive technology to effect change in occupational
structure for the good of the economy.
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29. Projected Population Statistics
Items 2011 2016 2021 2026
(1) Population (crore)
(2) Population Growth Rate
(%, p.a.)
(3) Birth Rate (Per 1000, Per
Year)
(4) Death Rate (Per 1000, Per
Year)
(5) Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
(6) Life Expectancy (Years)
Male
Female
121.02
(Actual)
1.3
(Actual)
21,9
7.3
2.5
65.8
68.1
120.9
1.2
19.6
7.2
2.3
67.3
69.6
134
1.1
18
7.1
2.2
68.8
71.1
140
0.9
18
7.1
2.0
69.8
72.3
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30. THANK YOU
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