The document discusses the Pythagorean theorem and distance formula. The Pythagorean theorem states that a2 + b2 = c2, where a and b are the legs of a right triangle and c is the hypotenuse. The distance formula calculates the distance between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) and is expressed as √(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2. Examples of applying both formulas are provided.