memory management is a part of computer organization and logic design.

1. COMPUTER
ORGANIZATION AND
LOGIC DESIGN
SUBMITTED BY :
ANUSHKA TOMAR ( 0901MC211014) SUBMITTEDTO:
PROF. VIVEK SHARMA

2. PATH
MEMORY
ORGANISATION
PRIMARY
MEMORY
SECONDARY
MEMORY
CACHE
MEMORY
VIRTUAL
MEMORY
CONCLUSION

3. MEMORY ORGANISATION
A memory unit is the collection of storage units or devices
together.The memory unit stores the binary information in the
form of bits. Generally, memory/storage is classified into 2
categories:
 Volatile Memory: This loses its data, when power is
switched off.
 Non-Volatile Memory: This is a permanent storage and
does not lose any data when power is switched off.

4. MEMORY HIERARCHY
• The total memory capacity of a computer can be visualized by hierarchy of
components -

5. PRIMARY MEMORY

6. TYPES OF PRIMARY
MEMORY
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY(RAM)
Read Only Memory(ROM)

7. RAM
❑ It is also called read-write memory or the
main memory or the primary memory.
❑ The programs and data that the CPU
requires during the execution of a program
are stored in this memory.
❑ It is a volatile memory as the data is lost
when the power is turned off.
❑ Types of RAM
❑ 1.SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).
❑ 2.DRAM (Dynamic Random Access
Memory).
❑ ROM is a memory device or storage medium
that is used to permanently store information
inside a chip.
❑ It is a read-only memory that can only read
stored information, data or programs, but we
cannot write or modify anything.
❑ A ROM contains some important instructions
or program data that are required to start or
boot a computer.
❑ It is a non-volatile memory; it means that the
stored information cannot be lost even when
the power is turned off or the system is shut
down.
ROM

8. SECONDARY MEMORY
➢ It is also known as auxiliary memory and backup
memory.
➢ It is a non-volatile memory and used to store a large
amount of data or information.
➢ The data or information stored in secondary memory is
permanent, and it is slower than primary memory.
➢ A CPU cannot access secondary memory directly.
➢ The data/information from the auxiliary memory is first
transferred to the main memory, and then the CPU can
access it.

9. CACHE MEMORY
• Cache Memory is a special very high-speed memory.
• It is used to speed up and synchronizing with high-speed CPU.
• Cache memory is costlier than main memory or disk memory but
economical than CPU registers.
• Cache memory is an extremely fast memory type that acts as a buffer
between RAM and the CPU.
• It holds frequently requested data and instructions so that they are
immediately available to the CPU when needed.
• It is used to reduce the average time to access data from the Main
memory.

10. CACHE MEMORY IN COMPUTERS

11. VIRTUAL MEMORY
 Virtual memory is a storage area that holds
the files on your hard drive for retrieval when
a computer runs out of RAM With the help of
virtual memory
 It has mechanism that convert generated
address into correct main memory address.
 With the help of virtual memory OS can load
programs larger than its physical memory. It
makes an impression to the users that the
computer has unlimited memory. It also
provides memory protection.

12. THANK
YOU