This document discusses compound nouns and compound adjectives in English. It begins by defining a compound word as two words joined to form a new word. It then provides examples of three forms of compound nouns: closed form, hyphenated form, and open form. The document also discusses different types of compound adjectives, including those using periods of time, adverbs, past participles, nouns, adjectives, and proper nouns. It provides examples for each type and explains hyphen usage rules for compound adjectives.

1. Word Formation
Vocabulary Building
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5. Compound Noun

6. What is compound noun?
• In English, words, particularly adjectives
and nouns, are combined into compound
structures in a variety of ways. A
compound word is made when two words
are joined to form a new word. There is
only one sure way to know how to spell
compounds in English: use an
authoritative dictionary.
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7. THREE FORM OF COMPOUND
WORDS:
• Closed form: Two words are joined together
to create a new meaning. Examples: firefly,
softball, redhead, keyboard, makeup,
notebook
• Hyphenated form: The words are joined
together by a hyphen. Examples: daughter-inlaw, over-the-counter, six-year-old
• Open form: The words are open but when
read together, a new meaning is formed.
Examples: post office, real estate, full moon,
half sister
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9. Compound noun
Example:
1. I’m late because there was terrible …. In
the centre of town.
a. traffic jam
b. zebra cross
c. traffic lights
d. income tax

10. Compound noun
Example:
2. My …. didn’t ring this morning and I
didn’t wake up until 09.30.
a. phone rang
b. alarm clock
c. hairdryer
d. sunglasses

11. Compound noun
Example:
3. My brother loves …. , but I prefer true
stories about the present or the past
a. fairy tale
b. hairpiece
c. film star
d. star let

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13. Pembahasan 1
1.
. I’m late because there was terrible …. In the centre of town
Meaning of exercise 1 is:
aku terlambat karena terjadi masalah …. di tengah kota.
a. traffic jam : kemacetan lalu lintas
b. zebra cross :tempat menyebrang
c. traffic lights : lampu lalu lintas
d. income tax : pajak
So, the answer is a. traffic jam
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14. Pembahasan 2
2.
My …. didn’t ring this morning and I didn’t wake up until 09.30.
Meaning of exercise 2 is:
… ku tidak berbunyi pagi ini aku tidak bangun hingga pukul 09.30
a. phone rang : telepon berbunyi
b. alarm clock : jam alarm
c. hairdryer : pengering rambut
d. sunglasses : kcamata pelindung matahari/ kacamata hitam
So, the answer is b. alarm clock
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15. Pembahasan 3
3. My brother loves …. , but I prefer true stories about the present or
the past
Meaing of exercise 3 is:
Kakak laki-lakiku suka …, tapi aku lebih suka cerita nyata tentang
kehidupan sekarang atau peristiwa yang lampau.
a. fairy tale : dongeng
b. hairpiece : rambut palsu
c. film star : bintang film
d. starlet : calon bintang
So, the answer is a. fairy tale
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16. Compound Adjective
• A compound adjective is an adjective
that contains two or more words.
• In general we put a hyphen between two
or more words (before a noun) when we
want them to act as a single idea
(adjective) that describes something.
Ex: I live in an English-speaking country.

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18. There are many types of Compound
Adjectives. Here is a list of the most
common types:
• Compound Adjectives + Periods of Time
• When he have compound adjectives using numbers +
a time period, that word referring to a time period is in
singular form and is joined to the number with a
hyphen.
• I work eight hours every day --> I work an eight-hour
day
• I'm going on vacation for three weeks --> I have a
three-week vacation
• There was a delay of 5 seconds --> There was a fivesecond delay
• Notice how we normally write the number as a word,
not in numerical form.

19. Adverbs and
Compound Adjectives
• Adverbs can also be used to
modify an adjective.
• It is very hot today. (Very is
an adverb)
• She is extremely
intelligent. (Extremely is an
adverb)
• Notice how we do not put
a hyphen between an
adverb and an adjective
(not even before a noun).
• It is a very hot day.
• She is an extremely
intelligent girl.
Adverb + Past
Participle
• However when we have an
Adverb + past participle,
we put a hyphen between
the two words to make it a
compound adjective.
• This is a brightly-lit room.
• She is a well-known
actress.
• We live in a denselypopulated city.
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20. More combination of compound
nouns
• Noun + Past Participle
Ex: We should start using wind-powered
generators to cut costs.
• Noun + Present Participle
Ex: I bought some mouth-watering
strawberries.
• Noun + Adjective
Ex: This is a smoke-free restaurant.
• Adjective + Noun
Ex: We watched the full-length version of the
movie.

21. • Adjective + Past Participle
Ex: That is an old-fashioned dress
• Adjective + Present Participle
Ex: She is a good-looking girl.
• Compound Adjectives with Proper Nouns
• A proper noun is the name of something or
someone (e.g. John, Susan Sanders).
• Compound Adjectives made from Proper
nouns don't need a hyphen though must have
capital letters.
• I bought the James Jackson tickets for us.
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