Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
ADJECTIVES
1. Ex:
Good
Bad
These are words that tells us
something about a noun. It modify a
noun , pronoun, by describing,
identifying, or quantifying words .
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2. Ex:
Adjective can be modified
by an adverb, or phrase or
clause functioning as an
adverb
My husband knits
intricately patterned mittens Micky is a friendly
comic cartoon.
3. Modify only the
noun they are
right next to.
1.ATTRIBUTIVE
ADJECTIVES
Ex: The blue sea
4. 2. PREDDICATIVE
ADJECTIVE
Modify the subject of the
sentence. Notice that
predicative adjectives do
not occur immediately
after the noun. Instead,
they follow a verb.
The animals are happy
5. 3. ABSOLUTE
ADJECTIVES
These can’t take a
comparative or superlative,
not belong to a larger
construction, typically
modify the subject of a
sentence.
Ex: Pregnant NOT more pregnant
Red NOT more red
Perfect NOT more perfect
6. 3. NOMINAL
ADJECTIVES Certain adjectives are
used to denote a class by
describing one of the
attributes of the class.
These act almost as
nouns.Ex: The old
7. Ex:
The Lyon and his
friend.
Possesive
adjectives
These show to whom
belong something, not
the possessor. This is your toy
8. Which
What
Whose
It modifies a Noun or Noun
phrase rather than standing
on its own
Ex: What book are you reading?
9. It is used to clarify the substantive or what we
refer to in a sentence. The demonstrative
adjectives that, these, this, those, and what
answer the question "Which?"
This:
This car, here, is mine.
This house is too small for me.
12. Each: Number of person or things
considered individually.
Ex: Each house has two doors.
Every: All the people or things of a
group.
Ex: Every men is intelligent.
13. Neither: Means not one and not the
other´.
Ex: Neither of them play football
Either: Means ´any one of two´.
Ex: He will arrive either Sunday or Monday
14. An adjective of quantity answers the
question how much.
SOME/ ANY
Some: It can be used in positive
phrases.
Ex: I need some books
Any: : It can be used in negative
phrases or questions.
Ex: Do you have any questions?
15. NO / NONE: It can be used with
affirmative verbs to express
negation.
Ex: I have no time
I have none
MANY/ MUCH
MANY: It´s used with countable
plural noun
Ex: I made many mistakes
MUCH: It´s used with uncountable
noun.
I don´t have much money
16. LITTLE / FEW
Little: It´s used before uncountable
noun.
Ex: He drinks a little milk
Few: It´s used with countable plural
noun.
Ex: They have few bottles
17. Mr.
Mrs.
Aunt. NAME
Uncle.
Dr.
Are classified as adjectives when they
are atacched to a name.
Ex: The day after tomorrow, you can visit Aunt
Pauline and Uncle Joe.
22. The adjectives ending in – ing have the meaning of “causing
a reaction” Adjectives ending in – ed refer to “experiencing
a reaction or feeling”
EXAMPLE:
I saw an interesting movie about
Houdini.
I was very interested in the story of
his life.
Mary’s reaction was very surprising.
I was very surprised by his reaction.
23. NUMERAL
ADJECTIVES
Cardinal
numbers
These are a
generalization of
the natural
numbers. Tells
how many.
Example:
1-one
2 - two
Number
Formation
Quantity that is
expressed in terms
of two or more
different words.
Example:
103 one hundred
three
5,007 five thousand
seven
Ordinal
Number
When objective
are placed in
order, to tell their
position
Example:
1st – first
2nd - second
Quantify accurately
the noun. They are
divided in three
groups:
24. Good
Bad
Little
Many
Far
EXAMPLE :
She is a good driver
She has long hair than her mother
Marcos is the best student in the
University
Better
Worse
Less
More
Farther
Best
Worst
Least
Most
farthest
25. SUPERLATIVES
The adjective + est
==> the fastest
The Nile is the
longest river in the
world.
The least +
adjective ==>
the least
beautiful
Bill is the least
intelligent
student in the
class.
The most +
adjective ==>
the most
elegant
It was the most
boring film that
I have ever seen.
26. Equality and Inequality
COMPARISONS OF
EQUALITY
as ... as
not so ... as
not as ... as
(not) as much ... as
(not) as many ... as
the same ... as
EXAMPLE:
Jane is not so
beautiful as
Mary
Carlos has the
same book as
Pablo
27. COMPARISONS
OF
INEQUALITY
Less adjective ==>
less beautiful than
It was much less
interesting than I
thought.
More adjective ==>
more elegant than
Chinese is much
more difficult than
English.
Adjective + er than
==> faster than
Today is hotter than
yesterday.