WLE ESR Framework - What does it mean for IWMI?
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•710 views
Matthew McCartney presented on WLE's ESR Framework and how this unique approach will effect how research for development projects are carried out at the IWMI Annual Research Meeting on Dec. 2, 2014. To learn more, please visit http://wle.cgiar.org/research-programs/ecosystem-services/
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to WLE ESR Framework - What does it mean for IWMI?
Similar to WLE ESR Framework - What does it mean for IWMI? (20)
More from Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE)
More from Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
WLE ESR Framework - What does it mean for IWMI?
- 1. Photo :David Molden/IWMI WLE-ESR framework: What does it mean for IWMI? Matthew McCartney 02 December A water-secure world www.iwmi.org ARM HQ
- 2. Why a focus on ES&R? • Humanity is over exploiting the environment • Food production systems are now global A water-secure world www.iwmi.org with attendant benefits and risks – Diversity of farmed crops is declining – Environmental degradation from agriculture is widespread • Planetary boundaries are being approached and in some cases exceeded World production of major crops, 1961-2009 (billion tonnes) Living planet index: 1970- present
- 3. What are ecosystem services? A water-secure world www.iwmi.org
- 4. Ecosystem services within landscapes A water-secure world www.iwmi.org
- 5. Three key points • Ecosystem services are provided not just by naturally pristine ecosystems but also by agricultural “socio-ecosystems”. • Many of these services go unnoticed by officialdom and so are often neglected in formal decision-making A water-secure world www.iwmi.org processes. • Although the need to feed more people is pressing, simply increasing production is not always the answer.
- 6. Framework for Ecosystem Services and Resilience in Agriculture A water-secure world www.iwmi.org
- 7. 1. Meeting the needs of poor people is fundamental A water-secure world www.iwmi.org
- 8. 2. People use, modify, and care for nature which provides material and immaterial benefits to their livelihoods A water-secure world www.iwmi.org
- 9. 3. Cross-scale and cross-level interactions of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes can be managed to positively impact development outcomes. A water-secure world www.iwmi.org
- 10. 4. Governance mechanisms are vital tools for achieving equitable access to and provision of ecosystem services. A water-secure world www.iwmi.org
- 11. 5. Building resilience is about enhancing the capacity of communities to sustainably develop in an uncertain world. A water-secure world www.iwmi.org Shocks and disturbances Novelty, renewal, innovation
- 12. What it means for WLE projects • Assessment and planning to identify priority ES, understand their flow and the options, trade-offs and synergies for their management • Valuing ES – who benefits from them and who loses if they A water-secure world www.iwmi.org are degraded. • Evaluating potential and actual impact of different management options on, not only agricultural productivity, but on the suite of connected ES • Continual engagement with decision-makers to encourage and facilitate consideration of ES context and ES-based solutions in the decisions that they make.
- 13. A water-secure world www.iwmi.org Thank you http://wle.cgiar.org/research-programs/ecosystem-services/
- 14. A water-secure world www.iwmi.org
- 15. Entry points for the ESR approach • Improve farming practices to integrate flow of ES to A water-secure world www.iwmi.org and from agriculture • Landscape management for multiple services • Minimizing degradation (waste) of ES • Managing for trade-offs across and between sectors and scales • Managing for increasing variability and shocks • Scaling up farm-level ES-based approaches • Identifying effective governance approaches for creating resilient systems and managing common pool resources All require improved understanding of how to manage the stocks and flows of ES in the landscape.
Editor's Notes
- Human population is ca. 7.2 billion and expected to grow to 9.0 billion (maybe more) by 2050 Contemporary research suggests that humanity is over exploiting the environment – driving global climate change, eutrophication, degradation of ecosystems and biodiversity loss. Planetary boundaries are being approached and in some cases exceeded. Global loss of ESs (1997-2011): $4.3 – 20.2 trillion/yr
- We use a modified definition of ecosystem services advanced by Walker and Salt (2006): “the combined actions of the species [and physical processes] in an ecosystem that perform functions of value to society.” These include provisioning, regulating, cultural and habitat services. In agricultural landscapes, you will probably think first of all the services that provide for people’s needs directly, such as food, fuel and fiber. You can imagine the list of individual goods provided quickly getting large. Now which species and physical processes do you need simply to supply these provisioning services? Nutrient absorption by plants and animals. Appropriate agroecologies to cultivate crops. And then there are all the regulating services that are critical for production and livelihoods – filtration of water by vegetation and soil to remove pollutants. Pollinating species. Birds that eat crop pests. Microbial communities that replenish soil nutrients. And how do these regulating services interact? The biophysical processes that create ecosystem services are really complex and intrinsically linked to the way people decide to use and manage natural resources.
- ESR framework builds in ES based approaches. This photo provides examples of ecosystem services that should be valued and bolstered in an agricultural landscape of Kampong Chhnang, Cambodia. WLE’s vision for agricultural intensifcation include interventions that enhance these services to increase food quantity, quality and accessibility, and improve livelihood security. Source: WorldFish/E. Baran.
- ESR core theme see agricultural systems as both providers and users of multiple ecosystem services and emphasise that people have a choice over how to manage agricultural systems and landscapes to influence the flow of ecosystem services. The ESR framework is about achieving ES management that creates multi-functional landscapes that improve ecosystem service supply and enable the equitable distribution of financial and well-being benefits. We ask: which ES help people to create resilient communities, reduce poverty, increase food security and improve human health, and how can these be managed in agricultural landscapes to maximise these outcomes? ESs not from pristine landscapes only … also delivered from modified and farming landscapes Many ESs are delivered by and dependent on water so managing/maintaining hydrological function is vital. Not about saying that development should be held back its about being smarter in the way that development is undertaken. The numbers relate to some key principles to help guide implementation of this framework for ecosystem service management. Meeting the needs of poor people is fundamental. This is about identifying which ecosystem services are critical for the lives and livelihoods of people living in poverty. People use, modify, and care for nature which provides material and immaterial benefits to their livelihoods. This is about recognising the inter-depedency between the biophysical structures and processes that supply ecosystem services, and the actions that people take which change the quantity, quality and type of ecosystem services available for use. Cross-scale and cross-level interactions of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes can be managed to positively impact development outcomes. Ecosystem services are supplied and consumed across spatial and temporal scales, and this means that changes in one socio-ecological system at one place and time can have repercussions for ecosystems and people elsewhere. Understanding trade-offs in ecosystem service management is mainly about trying to identify these repercussions and finding an approach that has the most positive outcome for all connected systems. Governance mechanisms are vital tools for achieving equitable access to and provision of ecosystem services. Management of ecosystems, their resources, and the economic or health benefits to people from these ecosystems. Building resilience is about enhancing the capacity of communities to sustainably develop in an uncertain world. WLE vision = sustainable intensification of agriculture where ecological sustainability constitutes the entry point for agricultural intensification and building resilient food systems for achieving livelihood security, poverty reduction and nutrition goals ESR core theme vision = ecosystem service management that delivers multifunctional agricultural landscapes Where development is supported by the multiple ecosystem services and associated benefits provided by natural and agricultural systems in these landscapes.
- Meeting the needs of poor people is fundamental. This is about identifying which ecosystem services are critical for the lives and livelihoods of people living in poverty. Direct and sustainable supply of goods and services Reduced risk and severity of impacts from system shocks New and alternative sources of income
- People use, modify, and care for nature which provides material and immaterial benefits to their livelihoods. This is about recognising the inter-dependency between the biophysical structures and processes that supply ecosystem services, and the socio and ecological mpact of the actions that people take which change the quantity, quality and type of ecosystem services available for use.
- Cross-scale and cross-level interactions of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes can be managed to positively impact development outcomes.
- Two ways better governance of ecosystem services can improve ES delivery
- Building resilience is about enhancing the capacity of communities to sustainably develop in an uncertain world. Resilience is about: a) withstanding shocks and disturbances (like climate change or financial crises), and; b) using such events to catalyze renewal, novelty, and innovation
- Replace anthropogenic inputs to farming with ecosystem-based inputs, e.g. reduce fertiliser application in place of manure and nitrogen fixing plants Reduce waste, e.g. increase crop per drop efficiencies Integrated landscape management so that agro-ecosystems are providers of regulating and cultural ecosystem services and get maximum benefit from in-flowing regulating services, e.g. pest control services, flood risk management Ecosystem service management across a landscape such that trade-offs in outcomes (benefits) are minimised and losses in ES are mitigated so that benefits are more equitable, e.g. communal management of land set aside for restoration of forest services, so that benefits from eco-tourism and access to forest goods are shared