Ur in ancient Sumer developed into a civilization with advanced cities, specialized workers, and complex institutions like government and religion. Irrigation systems allowed for food surpluses and the rise of specialized jobs like artisans, traders, and scribes who used the earliest form of writing called cuneiform. The ziggurat temple in Ur showed the Sumerians had advanced technology and religion was an important part of their society.

1. CHAPTER I – SECTION 3 Civilization: Case Study: Ur in Sumer ASSESSMENT SOCIAL STUDIES

2. TERMS AND NAMES Civilization: a complexculturewithfivecharacteristics: Advancedcities Specializedworkers Complexinstitutions Record keeping Advancedtechnology Specialization: thedevelopment of skills in a specifickind of work. Artisan: skilledworkerswhomakegoodsbyhand.

3. Institution: a longlastingpattern of organization in a community. Scribe: professional record keepers. Cuneiform: wedge-shaped. EarliearSummarianwriting, pictographs. BronzeAge: the time whenpeoplebeganusingbronze. Barter: theway of trading goods and serviceswithoutmoney. Ziggurat: pyramid-shapedmonuments.

4. specialization

5. civilization

6. artisan

7. institution

8. scribe

9. cuneiform

10. BronzeAge

11. barter

12. zigurat

13. USING YOUR NOTES Whichcharacteristicisthemostimportantfordevelopment of a civilization? Why? Technologyismostimportantbecausesaves labor, ensuressurvival.

14. MAIN IDEAS Howdidthe social structure of villagelifechange as theeconomybecame more complex? Social classesbecame more defined and religionbeame more organized

15. What role didirrigationsystemsplay in thedevelopment of civilizations? Theyallowedfarmersto produce foodsurpluses, freeingsomevillagerstopursueotherjobs and skills.

16. What are thekeytraits of a civilization? Advancedcities Specializedworkers Complexinstitutions Record keeping Advancedtechnology

17. CRITICAL THINKING AND WRITING Howdidlife in Sumer differfromlifeinasmallfarmingcommunity of theregion? Life in sumerofferedmore diversity in social classes, jobs, and availablegoods.

18. Whywaswriting a keyinventionfortheSumerians? Itenabled record keeping and thebeginning of writtenhistory.

19. In whatwaysdoestheziggurat of UrrevealthatSumarianshaddeveloped and advancedcivilization? Ur’sengineershadtheadvancedtechnologytodesign a complexbuilding and religionplayedanimportant role in theirlives.

20. Choose a personfromUrwho has a specializedskillsuch as anartisan, a trader, or a scribe. Writeanexpositoryessayexplainingthatperson’scontributiontotheeconomicwelfare of thecity. Twoparagraphs: Focuson a signle individual with a specializedskill. ExplainhowthatskillmightcontributetoUr’seconomy.