1. .
By
BIOLOGY

2. Nutrient :



Carbohydrate
Lipid,Protein

Vitamin,Mineral,Water

3. Carbohydrate
Blood glucose Glycogen storage in Liver and Muscle

4. Lipid
Subcutaneous tissue

5. Protein
Albumin

6. 

7. C,
H, O H
:O=2:1
monomer
monosaccharide

8.  MonosaccharideCnH2nOn ≤n≤7
H:O≠2:1 deoxyribose C5H10O4
 Monosaccharide C
triose ,u 3C tetrose C , pentose
C , hexose C heptose 7C

9. Pentose ribose deoxyribose C5H10O4 DNA
C5H10O5 RNA

10. Glucose Galactose Fructose

11.  Oligosaccharide Monosaccharide -
covalent bound glycosidic bond

12.  Maltose glucose +  Sucrose glucose  Lactose glucose
glucose fructose galactose

C12H22O11

13. • Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide 11 Up

14. amylopectin amylase

15.  Glycogen
amylopectin

16.  Chitin exoskeleton
arthropod

17. Cellulose

18. glycogen amylase
cellulose

19. 

reducing sugar
glycogen
sucrose
hydrolysis

20. 
C, H, O, N
polymer
carboxyl,

21. 
essential amino acid


non- essential amino
acid

22. 

23. 

24. 
 :

25. :
steroid

26.  :hemoglobin, hemocyanin, myoglobin
O2

27.  : antibody

28. • actin, myosin tubulin
cilia flagellum

29. : cytoskeleton keratin

30. histone

31. histone),

32. 
Biuret test – Xanthoproteic test -
NaOH + CuSO4 HNO5

33. 
polymer
C, H,
O H:O≠2:1

35. Fatty acid Unsaturated fatty
acid) Saturatedfattyacid)
H H
C
cholesterol
oil) fat)

36. Glyceride dehydration ester
bond Glyceride
triglyceride
oil)
fat)

37.  Cholesterol
cholesterol
UV,
steroid hormone
testosterone,
aldosterone
progesterone,

38. Cholesterol
lipoprotein
HDL
cholesterol LDL
cholesterol

39. 
DNA
RNA
pentose,
phosphodiester
bond

40.  nitrogenous base
N
 Purine C2 Guanine G Adenine A
 Pyrimidine C 1 Cytosine C Uracil U
Thymine T
 DNA A T C G
 RNA AU CG

41. –
hydrogen bond
metabolism

42. 

AD EK
 B
C

43. B1

44. B2

45. B3

46. B6

47. B12

48. C

51. - -

52. -
-

53. -
- -
A
-

54. -
-
-
-
-
-
-

55. chloroplast , lysosome ,
central vacuole , cell wall centriole
,tonoplast

56. Nucleus
• nucleus
membrane
prokaryotic cell
• nucleus
membrane
eukaryotic cell nucleus ,
cytoskeleton , centriole

57. Structure Prokaryote Eukatyote
Nuclear Envelope
Organelle
E em system
ndom brane
Endosym biosis organelle
(D A
N) DA
N DAN
Histone
C atin
hrom
netw ork
DA
N 2
Structural D A
N C atin
hrom
Plasm D A
id N
Ribosom size
al 70S 80S
, , ,

58. Nuclear envelope
Cell
membrane
Nucleopre
RNA
,Protein Ribosome
membrane 2

59. Nucleoius
rRNA
Ribosome
Ribosome

60.  Chromatin network
DNA
DNA Histone protein

61. cell wall
plasmodesmata
cellulose

62.  diatom
silica

63. cell membrane
semipermeable membrane
Carbohydrate
Phospholipid bilayer
Protein
membrane

64. Phospholipid bilayer
 polar head
hydrophilic
 non-polar
tail
hydrophobic
Cholesterol
Phospholipid
membrane

65. •Ribosome

66.  Cytoskeleton
 Microtubule
tubulin
spindle fiber, cilia,
flagellum, basal body
centriole
spindle fiber

67. Intermediate filament
keratin

68. Microfilament
actin
cytoplasm cyclosis
pseudopodia
cytokinesis

69. Centriole
• Spindle fiber
centriole 2
centrosome

70. endoplasmic reticulum ER
 rough endoplasmic reticulum:
RER
ribosome

peptide hormone
antibody

71. smooth endoplasmic reticulum: SER
• phospholipid, steroid
cholesterol
steroid hormone
•
SER Steroid
RER insulin
•

72. Golgi body Golgi complex, Golgi apparatus
exocytosis

73. Lysosome
vesicle
Golgi body
• food vacuole
• lysosome
• organelle
autolysis

75. Peroxisome
lysosome catalase
H2O2
H2O O2Peroxisome

76. vacuole
vesicle
• food vacuole
Lysosome
• contractile vacuole
• sap vacuole
sap vacuole
central vacuole sap vacuole
cell sap central vacuole
tonoplast

78. Plastid
3
• chloroplast Plastid
• Chromoplast Plastid
• Leucoplast Plastid

79. • mitochondria chloroplast
prokaryotic cell
• 9+2 20 cilia flagellum
• 9+0 27 basal body
(kinetosome) centriole

80. • active transport
• active transport

82. Diffusion

83. Simple Diffusion

84. Facilitated Diffusion
carrier
protein

85. Osmosis
• isotonic solution
• hypertonic solution plasmolysis
• hypotonic solution
hemolysis

86. Dialysis

87. Imbibitions

88. Active transport
carrier
protein mitochondria
Na - K pump

89. Exocytosis
• Vesicle
peptide hormone,
antibody

90. Phagocytosis cell eating
pseudopodium

91. gap junction
plasmodesmata

92. sexual
reproduction

93. zygote

94. 2.Conjugation DNA

95. asexual reproduc tion
binary fission

96. multiple fission
cytoplasm

97. endospore

98. sporulation
multiple fission
endospore

99. parthenogenesis
n

100. budding
cnidarians

101. fragmentation

102. cloning

103. A = reptile mammal
B = mammal
amphibian
A

107. A B
Yolk
chorion
amnion amniotic fluid
PH
allantois
Yolk sac

109. zygote
• cleavage morula
zygote
• blastulation blastula
blastocoel
• gastrulation gastrula
blastocoels gastrocoel
• organogenesis
organ system

112. ecdysozoa
arthropod

113. Metamorphosis
crustacean amphibian
ametamorphosis
2. gradual metamorphosis nymph
incomplete metamorphosis niad
4. complete metamorphosis larva
pupa
– – –

115. metamorphosis
Thyroxine
• -
autolysis
• -
• -
• -

116. spermatogenesis
spermatogonia

119. cytoplasm head
Golgi body
, middle piece
mitochondria tail
flagellum

120. semniferous
tubule
Leydig
cell interstitial cell of Leydig

121. 
I. semniferous tubule,
II. rete testis,
III. vas efferents
IV. epididymis ,
V. vas deferens urethra
• seminal vesicle
• prostate gland PH
• cowper’s gland

122. • oogenesis
• primary oocyte
meiosis prophase i

124. FSH primary oocyte
meiosis I secondary oocyte
metaphase ii first polar body

125. LH secondary
oocyte meiosis ii egg cell,
ovum secondary polar body
follicular cell corpus
luteum progesterone estrogen

126.  progesterone
estrogen FSH LH

127. 
HCG humen chorionic gonadotropin
LH
copus luteum

128. 1.FSH meiosis primary oocyte
follicle estrogen
2.LH copus
luteum progesterone
estrogen

129. FSH LH Gn gonadotropin
GnRH

130. 3.progesterone copus luteum
HCG

131. 4.estrogen follicle –
FSH
copus luteum –
HCG
female secondary charactestics
FSH
LH

132. • 5.oxytocin
, progesterone
estrogen
prolactin

133. Organogeosis
Fetus

134. placenta
endometrium chorion
HCG ,
progesterone ,estrogen
umbilical vein

135. •
estrogen + progesterone :
progesterone :
•
vas deferens oviduct

136. • fraternal dizygotic twin

137. identical monozygotic twin

138. . IVT-ET in vitro fertilization – embryonic transfer

139. ICSI ( intracytoplasmic sperm injection )

140. GIFT gamete intra fallopian transfer

141. ZIFT zygote intra fallopian transfer zygote

142. • ecosystem)

143. Ecosystem
structure)
 Abiotic component)
⁻

144. Biotic component)
 Producer)
1.
2.
3. chemotroph
anaerobic bacteria
SO4)
H2S

145. • consumer)
heterotrophicorganism)

146. • Primary consumers)
(Herbivores)

147.  secondary
consumer)
carnivore
•
tertiary consumers)
omnivore)
•

148. Scavenger)

149. Parasite)
Host)

 Protozoa)

150.  Nematode)

153.  Tapeworm)
-

155.  Fluke)

156. •
•
•
•
•