2. A Growing Conflict
Andrew Johnson
Proposed lenient plan of Reconstruction
Put plan into effect himself, did not consult w/
legislators
3. 13th Amendment
January 1865
Congress approved amendment to abolish slavery
throughout the nation
Banned slavery & forced labor
Congress had power to make laws to enforce its terms
4. Johnson’s Plan
Amnesty offered
Southern states could organize new gov’t & elect reps. for
Congress
Had to abolish slavery & ratify the 13th Amendment
December 1865
Most states met Johnson’s requirements
Senators elected included many former Confederate leaders
Congress rejected plan
1st: refused to seat southern senators & reps.
2nd: two houses appointed a committee to form a new plan for
the South
Heard testimony about black codes: new laws used by southern
states to control African Americans
5. Black Codes
Replaced slavery w/ near slavery
Caused hard line in Congress
Radical Republicans
Wanted to prevent former Confederates from regaining
control over southern politics
To protect the freedmen & guarantee them a right to
vote
6. Civil Rights Act of 1866
Granted citizenship rights to African Americans and
guaranteed the civil rights of all people except Native
Americans
Vetoed by Johnson & another bill extending the life of
the Freedmen’s Bureau
Congress voted to overturn vetoes, & both received 2/3 vote of
each house & became law
7. 14th Amendment
All people born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens
States may not pass laws that take away a citizen’s
rights; cannot deprive any person of life, liberty, or
property w/o due process of law, or deny equal
protection of the laws.
Any state that denies the vote to any male citizen over
the age of 21, will have representation in Congress
reduced (not enforced until 1970s)
Became powerful tool for enforcing civil rights
8. Radical Reconstruction
1866 election
Rioters & police killed many African Americans in
southern cities
Led Congress to push for a stricter form of
Reconstruction
9. Radicals In Charge
Radical Republicans
Won support to begin strict reconstruction
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Removed gov’t of all southern states that did not ratify
14th Amendment
Imposed military rule & divided states into five military
districts
Before returning to Union, each state had to write new
state constitution & ratify 14th Amendment
Also had to let African Americans vote
10. Time of Hope and Advancement
African Americans
Were elected as sheriffs, mayors
18 served in Congress
Radical Reconstruction
Southern states opened public schools, legislators spread tax
money more evenly, & made fairer voting rules, gave property
rights to women, states rebuilt bridges, roads & buildings
Republican Party built a strong following from 3 groups
Scalawags: southern whites who had opposed secession
Freedmen voters
Carpetbaggers: name given by southerners to northern whites who
went south to start businesses or pursue political office
11. 15th Amendment
Approved in 1869
Barred all states from denying African American males
the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude
Did not prevent states from requiring voters to own
property or pay a voting tax
12. Ku Klux Klan
Secret societies created by white shut out of power to
terrorize African Americans & their white allies
Would threaten African American voters, burn crosses
in their yard
When threats failed they would: whip, torture, shoot, or
hang African Americans & white Republicans
Congress responded to violence w/ new laws
Ku Klux Klan Acts of 1870 & 1871
Barred use of force against voeters
