1. Later Peoples of the Fertile
Crescent: Sea Peoples
Social Studies for 8th E.G.B. | Teacher: Mauricio Torres
Chapter 3, Section 1 (page 72 in your books)

2. The Phoenicians
 At the western end of the Fertile Crescent, along the
Mediterranean Sea, was a land known as Phoenicia.
They were not powerful, but they were a trade-
based society.

3. Geography
 Today, it lies on
modern day
Lebanon.
 Mountains to the
north and
east, ocean to the
west.
 They had few resources, and their trading routes were
limited due to hostile neighbors.
 They were forced to trade through the sea.

4. Trade
 To able to trade, they had to learn
and master seamanship (being
sailors).
 They built the harbor Tyre, which
is still used today!
 Phoenicians traded all around the
Mediterranean:
Egypt, Greece, Italy, Sicily and
Spain.
 They also founded other colonies
along the coast, like Carthage.

5. Trade
 Phoenicia grew wealthy from trade.
 They traded: lumber, silverwork, ivory and slaves.

6. Innovations
 The Phoenicians developed:
 Glass blowing: the art of heating and shaping glass.
 Purple dye: an ink made from a type of shellfish.
 But their most important development was the
alphabet! The one we still use today is based on the
one invented by the Phoenician’s
 Alphabet: a set of letters that can be combined to form
words.

7. Ask Yourself
 Recall:
 What were the three most important innovations of the
Phoenicians?
 Identify:
 What was the reason why they relied so much on trade?
 Draw Conclusions:
 Why were the Phoenicians such good sailors?
 Why were their colonies only along the Mediterranean
coastline?

8. Write in… Phoenician!
 Use the second column from
the left as a guide to write
your own name in ancient
Phoenician.
 Practice in class and when
you go home, improve the
art and bring it back next
class so it can be posted in
your classroom!

9. Excercise
 Look for the meaning of the words written in italic
or with a different color in order to understand the
unit better.
 This might be helpful in a test!

10. Bibliography
 Burstein, S. M., & Shek, R. (2012). World History
(Teacher´s Edition) (1st Edition ed.). (H.
McDougal, Ed.) Orlando, Florida, US.: Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
 Ellis, E. G., & Esler, A. (2009). World History. (P.
Hall, Ed.) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, US:
Pearson Education INC.
 Images taken from www.google.com