1. Wire bending involves using pliers to carefully place bends in orthodontic wires without incorporating stresses that could lead to wire fracture. 2. It is important for orthodontists to practice basic wire bending exercises to learn techniques like making squares, triangles, circles, U-loops, and coils. 3. Adam's universal pliers are especially useful for wire bending due to their design features that allow for precise bending of wires. They can be used to form both smooth and sharp bends.

1. WIRE BENDING PRINCIPLES AND INSTRUMENTATION BY dr shabeel pn

2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF WIRE BENDING IMPORTANCE OF BASIC WIRE BENDING EXERCISES PLIERS USED FOR WIRE BENDING WIRE BENDING METHOD ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERS

3. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF WIRE BENDING AII BENDS IN ORTHODONTIC WIRES ARE PLACED BY THE FINGERS, PLIERS ARE MEANT TO HOLD THE WIRE FIRMLY AND ASSIST IN WIRE BENDING. ALWAYS HOLD THE PLIER USING A PALM GRIP. BEFORE STARTING TO BEND THE WIRE, ESTABLISH A FIRM GRIP OVER THE WIRE. IN GENERAL,SHARP BENDS SHOULD BE AVOIDED TO PREVENT INCORPORATION OF STRESSES WHICH CAN LEAD TO THE FRACTURE OF THE WIRE LATER.

4. IT IS EASIER TO MAKE A BEND BY PUSHING THE WIRE, RATHER THAN PULLING THE WIRE. USE PROPER BEAK OF THE PLIER TO HOLD THE WIRE BEFORE PLACING THE BENDS. PRECISE MARKING IS NECESSARY BEFORE MAKING ANY BENDS.

5. TO MAKE A RIGHT ANGLED BENT; MARK THE POSITION WHERE THE BENT SHOULD BE MADE, HOLD THE WIRE FIRMLY WITH THE PLIER, PUSH THE WIRE CLOSE TO THE PLIER USING THE THUMB AND FOREFINGER. TO MAKE ACUTE BENDS ; MAKE A RIGHT ANGLED BEND, THEN WITHDRAW THE PLIER SLIGHTLY AWAY FROM THE MARK AND CLOSE THE ANGLE.

6. TO MAKE A SHORT CURVE BEND ; HOLD THE WIRE FIRMLY WITH THE PLIER AND MAKE THE BEND WITH THE FINGERS. TO MAKE CIRCLE OR ARC OF A CIRCLE; THEY ARE MADE WITH THE FINGERS ONLY

7. IMPORTANCE OF BASIC WIRE BENDING EXERCISES 1 STRAIGHTENING OF WIRE ; WIRES-SUPPLIED IN ROLLS, ALL THE WIRE BENDING HAS TO BE STARTED ON A STRAIGHT WIRE. 2 MAKING A SQUARE/ RECTANGLE ; RIGHT ANGLED BENDS. 3 MAKING A TRIANGLE ; ACUTE ANGLED BENDS

8. 4 MAKING A CIRCLE ; SHORT CURVED BENDS, LABIAL BOW, PALATAL BOW etc. 5 ‘ U’ LOOPS AND ‘V’ LOOPS ; MARK AND MAKE PRECISE BENDS AT SHORT INTERVALS 6 MAKING COILS ; COILS OF SPRINGS, LABIAL BOW MODIFICATION etc.

9. PLIERS USED FOR WIRE BENDING ESSENTIAL PLIERS YOUNG’S LOOP BENDING PLIER/ UNIVERSAL PLIER ADAMS PLIER CLSP ADJUSTING PLIER/ ADERER PLIER/ 3PRONG PLIER HEAVY WIRE CUTTER OPTIONAL PLIERS ADAM’S CLASP BENDING PLIER ARROW CLASP FORMING AND BENDING PLIERS LOOP FORMING PLIER NANCE LOOP CLOSING PLIER RUHLAND LOOP FORMING PLIER

10. CLASP ADJUSTING/ADERER/3 PRONG PLIER

11. ADAM’S CLASP BENDING PLIER 1 2 3 4 FORMATION OF ADAM’S CLASP USING ADAM’S CLASP ADJUSTING PLIER

12. ARROW CLASP FORMING PLIER FORMATION OF ARROW HEAD USING ARROW CLASP FORMING & BENDING PLIERS

13. ARROW CLASP BENDING PLIER

14. NANCE LOOP CLOSING PLIER

15. LOOP FORMING PLIER

16. RUHLAND LOOP FORMING PLIER COFFIN SPRING

17. CHECK LIST FOR THE SELECTION OF PLIERS STAINLESS STEEL PLIERS ARE PREFERRED OVER THE STAINLESS STEEL PLATED PLIERS. CARBIDE TIPS/ TUNGSTEN CARBIDE TIPS ARE PREFERRED FOR CUTTING INSTRUMENTS. THE BEAKS OF PLIER OR THAT OF A CUTTER SHOULD BE CLOSE TO ONE ANOTHER WITHOUT ANY SPACE IN BETWEEN WHEN THEY ARE CLOSED.

18. WIRE BENDING METHOD WIRE MAY BE FORMED IN TWO WAYS; 1.SPECIAL PLIERS 2.VERY SIMPLE BUT STRONG AND ACCURATE PLIER.

19. ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERS ESSENTIAL FEATURES ; MADE OF A STEEL THAT IS HARDER THAN THE WIRES THAT THEY WILL BE USED YO FORM. THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE HINGE PIN AND THE TIPS OF THE BEAKS IS SHORT.-22mm IS THE OPTIMUM LENGTH. THE HANDLES ARE WIDE AND COMFORTABLE TO HOLD. THE SIDES OF THE BEAK MUST BE FLAT. THE SHAPES OF THE BEAK MUST BE AS SHOWN IN FIGURE.

20. THE EDGES OF THE GRASPING SURFACES OF THE BEAKS MUST BE SHARP AND NOT BEVELLED OR ROUNDED. THE GRASPING SURFACES OF THE BEAKS SHOULD BE MAT FINISHED. WHEN THE BEAKS ARE CLOSED, THE TIPS SHOULD BE IN CONTACT BUT THERE SHOULD BE A SLIGHT GAP AT THE HINGE END OF THE BEAKS TAPERING DOWN EVENLY TO CONTACT AT THE TIPS.

21. THIS GAP AT THE HINGE SHOULD BE 0.6mm [AT THE WIDEST PART] SO THAT WHEN THE TIPS OF THE BEAKS ARE OPEN TO 1.0mm THE INNER SURFACES OF THE BEAKS ARE PARALLEL. IT IS THUS POSSIBLE TO GRASP A 1.0mm WIRE. THE SIDES OF THE BEAKS SHOULD BE PERFECTLY FLAT. THE HINGE OF THE PLIERS SHOULD BE STRONG WITHOUT BEING TOO BULKY & THE HANDLES LARGE & COMFORTABLE WITHOUT MAKING THE PLIERS HEAVY & CLUMSY TO HANDLE. AN OVERALL LENGTH OF 5 ¼ INCH IS ABOUT RIGHT.

22. 1.25 mm 2.5 mm ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIER

23. 50 O 13.5 mm 23 mm GAP 0.55-0.6 mm 15 mm 8.5mm 9.0mm ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIER

24. FORMING WIRE WITH ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIER WIRE IS BEND WITH THIS PLIER BY HOLDING IT IN ONE HAND AND APPLYING PRESSURE WITH THE THUMB OF THE OTHER HAND, WRAPPING THE FINGERS ROUND THE FREE END OF THE WIRE TO AID COMPLETE CONTROL OF THE BEND. WIRE IS NEVER BEND AROUND THE ENDS OF ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERS. WIRE IS BEND UPON ITSELF, USING THE PROPERTIES OF THE WIRE TO OBTAIN THE REQUIRED FORM.

25. SMOOTH CURVES BY HOLDING THE END OF THE ARCH WIRE IN THE PLIERS AND WIPING A BEND IN TO THE WIRE USING THE THUMB OF THE OTHER HAND . SMOOTH BENDS BY MAKING A SERIES OF SMALL BENDS , ADDING THEM IN TO A GENTLE BEND UP TO A FULL CIRCLE.

26. RIGHT ANGLE BENDS BY LAYING THE WIRE ACROSS THE BEAKS OF THE PLIERS , HOLDING AND BENDING THROUGH A RIGHT ANGLE . LIGHT WIRES – BEND NEAR THE TIPS OF THE BEAKS HEAVIER WIRES – NEAR THE HINGE.

27. ACUTE BENDS HEAVY WIRES:-ARE FAST BEND TO A RIGHT ANGLE , THE WIRE IS THEN LAID OBLIQUELY ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE BEAKS IS USED TO HOLD THE WIRE WHICH IS THEN BENT OVER THE TIPS OF THE BEAK IN TO AN ANGLE OF THE REQUIRED ACUTENESS.

28. CLOSURE OF ANGLES THE ANGLE IS CLOSED SO THAT THE LIMBS LIE PARALLEL, - THE BEND IS COMPRESSED BETWEEN THE BEAKS OF THE PLIERS. CORRECTION OF AN INCORRECT BEND THE INCORRECT PORTION OF THE BEND IS GRIPPED IN THE TIPS OF THE PLIERS & SQUEEZED. THIS STRAIGHTENS THE SMALL SECTION OF THE WIRE WITHOUT INTERFERING WITH THE REMAINDER OF THE BEND. THE WIRE IS THEN BENT AT THE CORRECT POINT.

29. HOOK BY MAKING A RIGHT ANGLE & AN ACUTE ANGLE BEND. – NO SPECIALIZED PLIERS ARE REQUIRED. ACUTE BENDS IN FINE WIRES BY FIRST MAKING A RIGHT ANGLED BEND . THE3 WIRE IS THEN HOLD IN THE TIPS OF THE BEAKS OF THE PLIERS AND THE WIRE IS BENT THROUGH A SECOND RIGHT ANGLE.

30. ADAM’S SPRING FORMING PLIRES WITH ELEGANT BEAKS DESIGNED FOR LOOP & COIL FORMING.

31. THANK YOU