The document provides an overview of the golden ages of Islamic civilization between 600-1600 CE. It highlights key contributions Muslims made to various fields including:
- Mathematics (origins of algebra, trigonometry, calculus)
- Chemistry (founding principles, discovery of elements/acids)
- Medicine (anatomy, clinical practice, hospitals, ophthalmology)
- Physics (mechanics, automation)
- Other sciences like geography, astronomy, history
It also discusses the establishment of universities, libraries and houses of wisdom that promoted learning and knowledge production during this period. Figures like Ibn Sina, Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Razi, Ibn Khaldun made
Islams contribution to world civilizationAshraf Ali
“...because we have tended to see Islam as the enemy of the West, as an alien culture, society, and system of belief, we have tended to ignore or erase its great relevance to our own history.” by Prince Charles
Islam's Contributions to World CivilizationSabeel Ahmed
Islam's Contributions to World Civilization - Dr. Sabeel Ahmed.
Slides present the wonderful achievements in various fields of science by Muslim scientists. Their spark was the command from the Quran and from the example of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, to gain knowledge, research, think, ponder.
For more info on Islam:
GainPeace.com
Need free Quran and Islamic literature:
800-662-ISLAM
Want to embrace Islam?
800-662-ISLAM
Contact us:
info@GainPeace.com
Discover the Muslim
Heritage in our World...
1001 inventions
Discover the Golden Age of Muslim Civilisation
The award-winning blockbuster exhibition uncovering
a thousand years of science heritage
T he main aim of this pack is to help science
teachers teach the science content of the Abu Dhabi
Curriculum Framework in a fun and engaging manner
while highlighting contributions by men and women scientific
scholars in Muslim Civilisation. By offering easily digestible
historical facts and simple experiments to demonstrate key
scientific and technological principles this resource offers
an exciting opportunity to promote understanding and
contributions of the Muslim civilisation in a hands-on and
minds-on fashion that is accessible to younger audiences
between the ages of 11 and 16.
The Islamic Golden Age 1. Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 .docxjmindy
The Islamic Golden Age
1. Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632
2. Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661
3. Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750
Islamic civilization experienced a golden age under the Abbassid Dynasty, which ruled from the mid 8th century until the mid 13th century.
Under the Abbassids, Islamic culture became a blending of Arab, Persian, Egyptian, and European traditions. The result was an era of stunning intellectual and cultural achievements.
It is said to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate with the Mongol invasions and the Sack of Baghdad in 1258. Several contemporary scholars, however, place the end of the Islamic Golden Age to be around the 15th to 16th centuries.
Influences for the Golden Age
Religious: The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr," that stressed the value of knowledge.
Government sponsorship
The Muslim governments heavily patronized scholars. The best scholars and notable translators, such as Hunayn ibn Ishaq, had salaries that are estimated to be the equivalent of professional athletes today.
The House of Wisdom was a library, translation institute, and academy established in Abbasid-era Baghdad, Iraq by Caliph Harun al-Rashid and his son al-Ma'mun.
The House of Wisdom is where both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars sought to translate and gather all the world's knowledge into Arabic. Many classic works of antiquity that would otherwise have been lost were translated into Arabic and Persian and later in turn translated into Turkish, Hebrew and Latin.
From the translations, the Arab world became a collection of cultures which put together, synthesized and significantly advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Roman, Chinese, Indian, Persian, Egyptian, Greek, and Byzantine civilizations.
New technology
With a new, and easier writing system, and the introduction of paper, information was democratized to the extent that, for probably the first time in history, it became possible to make a living from simply writing and selling books.
Learning from History…
During this period, the Muslims showed a strong interest in assimilating the scientific knowledge of the civilizations that had been conquered. Many classic works of antiquity that might otherwise have been lost were translated from Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian, Chinese, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations into Arabic and Persian, and later in turn translated into Turkish, Hebrew, and Latin.
Philosophy
Ibn Rushd founder of the Averroism school of philosophy, was influential in the rise of secular thought in Western Europe.
Ibn Rushd and Ibn Sina played a major role in saving the works of Aristotle, whose ideas came to dominate the non-religious thought of the Christian and Muslim worlds. They would also absorb ideas from China, and India, adding to them tremendous knowled.
Wisdom Global Islamic Mission വിതരണം ചെയ്യുന്ന ജീവിതം എന്തിനു വേണ്ടി എന്ന വിഷയത്തിൽ ഉള്ള പുസ്തകത്തിന്റെ ONLINE കോപ്പി ഫ്രീ ആയി DOWNLOAD ചെയ്യാം ..ഷെയർ ചെയ്യുക
Islams contribution to world civilizationAshraf Ali
“...because we have tended to see Islam as the enemy of the West, as an alien culture, society, and system of belief, we have tended to ignore or erase its great relevance to our own history.” by Prince Charles
Islam's Contributions to World CivilizationSabeel Ahmed
Islam's Contributions to World Civilization - Dr. Sabeel Ahmed.
Slides present the wonderful achievements in various fields of science by Muslim scientists. Their spark was the command from the Quran and from the example of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, to gain knowledge, research, think, ponder.
For more info on Islam:
GainPeace.com
Need free Quran and Islamic literature:
800-662-ISLAM
Want to embrace Islam?
800-662-ISLAM
Contact us:
info@GainPeace.com
Discover the Muslim
Heritage in our World...
1001 inventions
Discover the Golden Age of Muslim Civilisation
The award-winning blockbuster exhibition uncovering
a thousand years of science heritage
T he main aim of this pack is to help science
teachers teach the science content of the Abu Dhabi
Curriculum Framework in a fun and engaging manner
while highlighting contributions by men and women scientific
scholars in Muslim Civilisation. By offering easily digestible
historical facts and simple experiments to demonstrate key
scientific and technological principles this resource offers
an exciting opportunity to promote understanding and
contributions of the Muslim civilisation in a hands-on and
minds-on fashion that is accessible to younger audiences
between the ages of 11 and 16.
The Islamic Golden Age 1. Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 .docxjmindy
The Islamic Golden Age
1. Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632
2. Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661
3. Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750
Islamic civilization experienced a golden age under the Abbassid Dynasty, which ruled from the mid 8th century until the mid 13th century.
Under the Abbassids, Islamic culture became a blending of Arab, Persian, Egyptian, and European traditions. The result was an era of stunning intellectual and cultural achievements.
It is said to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate with the Mongol invasions and the Sack of Baghdad in 1258. Several contemporary scholars, however, place the end of the Islamic Golden Age to be around the 15th to 16th centuries.
Influences for the Golden Age
Religious: The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr," that stressed the value of knowledge.
Government sponsorship
The Muslim governments heavily patronized scholars. The best scholars and notable translators, such as Hunayn ibn Ishaq, had salaries that are estimated to be the equivalent of professional athletes today.
The House of Wisdom was a library, translation institute, and academy established in Abbasid-era Baghdad, Iraq by Caliph Harun al-Rashid and his son al-Ma'mun.
The House of Wisdom is where both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars sought to translate and gather all the world's knowledge into Arabic. Many classic works of antiquity that would otherwise have been lost were translated into Arabic and Persian and later in turn translated into Turkish, Hebrew and Latin.
From the translations, the Arab world became a collection of cultures which put together, synthesized and significantly advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Roman, Chinese, Indian, Persian, Egyptian, Greek, and Byzantine civilizations.
New technology
With a new, and easier writing system, and the introduction of paper, information was democratized to the extent that, for probably the first time in history, it became possible to make a living from simply writing and selling books.
Learning from History…
During this period, the Muslims showed a strong interest in assimilating the scientific knowledge of the civilizations that had been conquered. Many classic works of antiquity that might otherwise have been lost were translated from Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian, Chinese, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations into Arabic and Persian, and later in turn translated into Turkish, Hebrew, and Latin.
Philosophy
Ibn Rushd founder of the Averroism school of philosophy, was influential in the rise of secular thought in Western Europe.
Ibn Rushd and Ibn Sina played a major role in saving the works of Aristotle, whose ideas came to dominate the non-religious thought of the Christian and Muslim worlds. They would also absorb ideas from China, and India, adding to them tremendous knowled.
Wisdom Global Islamic Mission വിതരണം ചെയ്യുന്ന ജീവിതം എന്തിനു വേണ്ടി എന്ന വിഷയത്തിൽ ഉള്ള പുസ്തകത്തിന്റെ ONLINE കോപ്പി ഫ്രീ ആയി DOWNLOAD ചെയ്യാം ..ഷെയർ ചെയ്യുക
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
HANUMAN STORIES: TIMELESS TEACHINGS FOR TODAY’S WORLDLearnyoga
Hanuman Stories: Timeless Teachings for Today’s World" delves into the inspiring tales of Hanuman, highlighting lessons of devotion, strength, and selfless service that resonate in modern life. These stories illustrate how Hanuman's unwavering faith and courage can guide us through challenges and foster resilience. Through these timeless narratives, readers can find profound wisdom to apply in their daily lives.
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
3. ? No great empire ever attempted to take the
Arabian peninsula !!
? Arabs were not part of history
? They were Bedouins, farmers, traders,...
? Mecca was the most important trade center
WISD M www.wisdomislam.org | facebook.com/wisdomislamicmissionGLOBAL ISLAMIC MISSION
4. What changed Arabian peninsula??
The final Revelation from God to Humanity
The Glorious Quran...
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5. “My choice of Muhammad to lead the list
of the world’s most influential persons
may surprise some readers and may be
questioned by others, but he was the only
man in history who was supremely
successful in both religiousand
secular levels.” - Micheal H Hart,` “The 100”
... and Life of Prophet Muhammed (saw)
WISD M www.wisdomislam.org | facebook.com/wisdomislamicmissionGLOBAL ISLAMIC MISSION
6. Many people considers the Quran to be the
greatest work of Muslim literature, but we
must understand that Holy Qur’an is not a book
written by Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) or his
followers. Instead it is the REVELATION from
THE ALMIGHTY GOD.
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7. People without the
knowledge of their past
history, origin and
culture is like a tree
without roots.
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8. Read, in the name of your Lord; Who created. Created man
from a clot of congealed blood. Read, and your Lord is Most
Generous, Who taught knowledge by the pen. Taught
man what he did not know.
The first revealed verses in Holy Quran were
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10. “The Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) said:
“God, His angels and all those in
Heavens and on Earth, even ants in
their hills and fish in the water, call
down blessings on those who
instruct others in beneficial
knowledge.” (Al-Tirmidhi)
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11. “We (Allah) will show you
(mankind) our signs/patterns in the
horizons/universe and in yourselves
until you are convinced that the
revelation is the truth.” [Qur’an, 14:53]
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12. History of science and civilization
( 600 CE – 1600 CE )
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14. Factors behind the knowledge explosion
Inspiration of Glorious Quran and prophetic teachings
Uplifted social background
Greek and Roman books were translated to Arabic
Caliphs promoted learning and seeking knowledge
Universities were established
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15. Education
First known universities were in Damascus,
Cordoba, Tunisia and Morocco.
Oldest university – University of Al-karouine,
Morocco,859 CE
2nd oldest – Al Azhar university, Cairo, Egypt,
975 CE
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16. Education
Daar al-Hikmah – House of Wisdom – Cairo –
18,000 ancient books
Bayt al-Hikmah – House of Wisdom – Baghdad
(Tartars destroyed books)
Al-Hakam – Spain - 400,000 books
Bani Ammaar – Tripoli – Libya - 1 million books
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18. Fore-father of Modern Algebra and Algorithm
Used algebraic laws to formulate the rules of
inheritance as linear equations, which would
allow calculation of inheritance shares
• The word “algorithm” is derived from his name
Al-Khawarizmi (780 CE)
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19. Best work: Al jabar wa al mukaabila,
used as a reference text today also!!
Developed trigonometric tables
containing sine functions
Developed the calculus of two errors,
which led him to the concept of
differentiation.
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20. His book on algebra “Hisab al-Jabr waal-
Muqabalah” (The Calculation of Integration and
Equation) was used until the 16th century as
the principal textbook of European
universities
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21. Aided to announce arabic numerals, the
decimal position system, and the concept
of zero (6th century in India).
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22. Leonardo pissano (fibonacci), an
Italian mathematician made a
reference to an older text as
“algebre et almuchabale” by
maumeht (Latin name of Muhammed ibn
moosa al khawarizmi)
P - 406
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23. Ghiyath al-Din al- Kashani (CE 1324)
Figured a value of 2pi to sixteen decimal digits
of accuracy
“Miftah-ul-Hissab” or “The Calculators’ Key”; in
it he defined an algorithm for finding the
fifth root of any number
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24. Abu Wafa Muhammad al-Buzanji (CE 940)
Solution of geometrical problems with
opening of the compass
Constructions of parabola by points
Geometrical solution of the equations
x4 = a and x4+3a = b.
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25. Penned rich commentaries on Euclid and
al-Khwarizmi
A substantial part of today’s trigonometry can
be copied back to him.
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26. Al Battani (776 CE)
Called as Albategnius in western books
Calculated solar years as 365 days, 5 hrs ,46
min, and 24 sec is very close modern estimates
First to replace the Greek chords by sine's
Introduced concept of cotangents and
furnished their tables in degrees
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28. Jabir Ibn Haiyan (721-815 CE)
Father of Chemistry
Called as Geber in western texts
Best works:- Kitaanul kimya, kitaabu
ssabeen
(Translated to latin: The book of Alchemy)
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29. Invented 25 + laboratory instruments
Introduced the term ‘Alkali’
Discovered Acids - Sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid
and Nitric acid
Discovered elements Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth
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31. "There is no disease that Allah has
created, exceptthat He also has
created its treatment." (Sahih Al-Bukhari)
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32. Al Zahrawi (11th century CE)
Called as Albucasis in western texts
Father of modern surgery
Invented many surgical instruments
Lived in Islamic Spain
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33. Use of anesthesia in surgery
Use of cauterizing of wounds
The discovery that epidemics arise
from contagion through touch and air
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34. Al Razi (9th century CE)
Father of Pediatrics
First to differentiate smallpox from
measles and chickenpox in his Kitab
fi al-jadari wa-al-hasbah (The Book
of Smallpox and Measles)
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35. “His writings on smallpox and measles
show originality and accuracy, and his essay
on infectious diseases was the first scientific
treatise on the subject.“
– The Bulletin of the World Health Organization (May 1970)
Wrote: The Diseases of Children, the first book to
deal with pediatrics as an independent field of
medicine
Best work: ‘Hawi’ – 9 volumes
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36. Ibn Seena (980-1037 CE)
Called as Aviccenna in western texts
Father of medicine and clinical pharmacology
The Canon of Medicine (Al-Qānūn fī al-
ṭibb) is used by Medical Schools in East
and West for 500 years
Mastered the natural sciences,
mathematics, philosophy and law.
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37. The Canon of Medicine (Al-Qānūn fī al-ṭibb) is the most
famous single book in the history of medicine in both East
and West. (Encyclopedia Britannica)
Describe the minute and graphic
description of different parts of the eye
Discovered cerebellar vermis —which he
named "vermis“ and the caudate nucleus
Hospitals starts to have separate wards for
patients of contagious diseases
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38. ًءاَفِش ُهَل َلَزْنَأ هالِإ ًءَاد ُ هاَّلل َلَزْنَأ اَم
The Prophet ()ﷺ said, "There is no disease that Allah has
created, except that He also has created
its treatment."
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39. Ibn Rushd (12th century CE)
Known as Averroes
genius of encyclopaedic scope
known in the West for being the grand
commentator on the philosophy of Aristotle
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40. Ibn Al Naafis (12th century CE)
Reputed physician and a renowned expert on shafi'i
school of jurisprudence
Discover pulmonary blood circulation, which was
rediscovered three centuries later
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41. Ibn Al-Nafis’ Al-Shamil fi al-Tibb was an encyclopedia
comprising 300 volumes, but it could not be
completed as planned due to his death.
First to describe the constitution of lungs,
bronchi, and the coronary arteries
Elaborated the function of the coronary
arteries as feeding the cardiac muscle
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42. Contributions to Geology
and history
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43. Al Idrisi (1100 CE)
Expert in geology
Plotted maps
‘The compilation of Al-Idrisi marks an era in the history of
science… (Idrisis’s) descriptions of many parts of the earth are
still authoritative. For three centuries geographers copied his
maps without alteration. The relative position of the lakes
which form the Nile, as delineated in his work, does not differ
greatly from that established by Baker and Stanley more than
seven hundred years afterwards…’
[S. P. Scott (1904), History of the Moorish Empire, pp. 461-2]
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44. Ibn Battuta(1304-1369 CE)
Covered over seventy five thousand miles.
Turkey, Bulgaria, Russia, Persia, central Asia,...
Rihla (journey), is filled with information on the
politics, social conditions, and economics of the places
he visited.
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45. Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406 CE)
Father of Modern Sociology
Did his work in Economy,
Anthropology and Political
Science
Al-Muqaddamah
- An Introduction to History
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47. Sinan ibn Thabit
Mathematician, astronomer, physician and historian
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48. Al-Jazari
Laid basis of automated devices and mechanics
Father of Robotics
work : Al-Jâmi‘ Bayna'l-Ilm va'l-‘Amali An-nâfi fî Sinâ'ati 'l-Hiyal
(The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices)
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49. Automat arbiter
for dispensing liquids
for drinking
Steam engines and internal combustion
engines, paving the way for automatic control
and other modern machinery.
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51. Ibn al-Haytham (965-1039 CE)
Founder of Optics
Wrote - Book of Optics
Explained rainbow scientifically
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52. Excellent studeies on reflection and
refraction of light
World’s First Scientist!!
Formulated modern scientific method
• Observation
• Statement of problem
• Hypothesis
• Testing, Analysis, Interpretation
• conclusion, Publication of findings
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53. “Scientific method and scientific skepticism as the most
influential idea of the second millennium! “(1000 CE – 1999 CE)
- Powers, Richard (April 18, 1999),
"Best Idea; Eyes Wide Open” [New York Times]
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54. • We can say the idea behind camera is from
Ibn al-Haytham
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55. Abual-Rihan Al-Beruni
Determined the specific density of 18 types of precious stones
He established the rule which stated that the specific density
of a body suits the volume of the water which makes it move
He also interpreted the exit of water from geysers and
artesian wells in light of the theory of communicating vessels
Shadow observations for the solution of various astronomical
problems
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56. al-Khazini
1. Theory of Obliquity and Inclination
2. Theory of Impulse
Developed two theories in kinetics
Developed a device to determine the
specific gravity of liquids
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57. Al-Khazini pointed out that air had weight
and power to boost things like air, adding
that the weight of the object in the air
weighs less than its actual weight and its
condensed weight depends on the density
of air. It is worth of note that these studies
concreted the way for the inventions of the
barometer (pressure measurement), air
vacuums and pumps among others.
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58. DISCOVERING THE LAWS OF MOTION
This fact acknowledged in the whole world and in all
scientific references till the beginning of the twentieth
century when a group of contemporary physicists, most
prominent Professors of Mathematics examined these laws.
They checked the accessible body of Islamic manuscripts in
this field and came up with the fact that Muslim scientists
were the first to discover these laws.
Is Isaac Newton laid laws of motion ???
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59. All what Newton did was to collect what had been
written on these laws and formulated them in a
mathematical form.
Setting bias and mere theoretical speech aside,
the efforts of Muslim scientists are crystal clear.
They are recognized in their manuscripts which
had been written seven centuries before the
birth of Newton.
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60. THE FIRST LAW OF MOTION
Avicenna in his book “Insinuations and Notices”
(Isharat wa Tanbihat) identified the same law in his
own words “You know if the object is left
unaffected by external influence, it remains
as it is”.
“In the absence of force, a body either is at rest or
moves in a straight line with constant speed”.
- Newton
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61. THE SECOND LAW OF MOTION
“A body experiencing a force F experiences an acceleration a
related to F by F = ma, where m is the mass of the body.
Alternatively, force is proportional to the time derivative of
momentum”.
- Newton
“The solidest power transfers fast and takes a
short time. The stronger power leads to the faster
the power and the shorter the time. If the power
does not decrease, the speed does not decrease,
either”.
“The Considered in Wisdom” (Al-Moatabar fil Hikma).
- Hebattullah bin Malaka Al-Baghdadi
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62. THE THIRD LAW OF MOTION
“Every action has a reaction which is equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction”.
- Newton
“In the wrestling arena, everyone has a force
practiced against the other. If one of them
retreated, this does not mean that his power
disappears, but this retreated power still exists,
because without it the second one would not
need it to influence the first one”.
- Hebattullah bin Malaka Al-Baghdadi
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63. “The circle pulled by two equal forces until it stops
in the middle, it is taken for granted that each
forces has practiced an action that obstructs
the other”.
Imam Fakhr El-Din Al-Razi
The Eastern Disciplines in Theology and Natural Sciences
(Al-Mabaheth Al-Mashrikayyah fi Illm Al-Illaheyyat wa Al-Tabi’yyat)
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64. "The moving object is encountered by an
obstruction, and if this forces remains, this
moving object retreats in the opposite
direction in the same speed practiced by the
first object and according to the power of
obstruction”
Ibn Al-Hayytham, “The Scenes”
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65. Muslim Printing Before Gutenberg
In 15th century Gutenberg devise a printing press,
firstly. but printing itself, that is, making multiple
copies of a text by transferring it from one raised
surface to other portable surfaces (especially paper) is
much older.
The Chinese were doing it as early as the 4th century,
and the oldest dated printed text known to us is from
868: the Diamond Sutra, a Chinese translation of a
Buddhist text now preserved in the British Library[1]
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66. What is much less well known
is that, little more than 100
years later, Arab Muslims were
also printing texts, including
passages from the Qur'an. They
had already embraced the
Chinese craft of paper making,
developed it and adopted it
widely in the Muslim lands [2].
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67. Astronomical Clock of Taqi Al-Din
Before the 16th century, clocks were considered
too inaccurate for measuring celestial
movements. Where Ptolemy failed to succeed
in, Taqī al-Dīn planned to build an astronomical
clock that would measure time with great
regularity in fulfillment of the wish of the Sultan at
the time.
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68. Using mathematics, he designed three
dials which showed the hours, degrees and
minutes. In his clock, he incorporated the use
of several escapements, an alarm, the striking
trains that sounded at every hour, the visual
relationship between the sun and the moon,
the different phases of the moon, the devices
that indicated the time for prayers and the
dials that showed the first day of the
Gregorian months.
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69. Our past was bright
Wake up,
Start learning
Guide the present
Do dua
Change the Ummah through education
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70. ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE
To create Awareness in the Ummah of the
crisis of ideas. This involves enlighten the
Ummah about the place and methodologies of
the crisis of Islamic thought in the perspective of
its cultural and civilizational existence.
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71. Islamization of Knowledge is the correct
solution for our problem. It seems
Islamization of Knowledge is very much
essential to be established because it will
dirt free the contemporary corrupted
knowledge which is believed as the main
reasons of Muslims’ fall.
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72. ْلِع َكُلَـئـَْسأ ِِّنِإ َّمُهَّلَلأًاعِافَن ًام،
اًقْزِرَوَقَـتُم ًالَمَعَو ،ًابِِيَطًالَّب
O Allah, I ask You for beneficial knowledge,
goodly provision and acceptable deeds
(Sunan Ibn Majah, English reference : Vol. 1, Book 5, Hadith 925)
After subah prayer
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Harminder S. Dua, Ahmad Muneer Otri, Arun D. Singh (2008), "Abu Bakr Razi", British Journal of Ophthalmology (BMJ Group) 92: 1324
David W. Tschanz, PhD (2003), "Arab Roots of European Medicine", Heart Views 4 (2).
http://sunnah.com/bukhari/76/1
CONTRIBUTION OF MUSLIM SCIENTISTS TO THE WORLD:
AN OVERVIEW OF SOME SELECTED FIELDS
By
Dr. Muhammad Adil Afridi
Assistant Professor, Department of General Studies, KIRKHS
International Islamic University Malaysia