this topic related to solar energy

1. Alternate Energy sources
Concentrating Solar Power
Prepared By :- Azaz Andani
Dhaval Pansuriya
Jaydeep Kanetiya
Ravi Loriya
Nilkanth Despandey

2. Content
Introduction
Types of CSP Technologies
Technology Selection
Efficiency of CSP
Cost of CSP
Global potential of CSP
Commercial status of CSP technology
CSP Plant in India
The Future

3. Introduction
 CSP means Concentrating Solar Power which produce
electricity by converting the sun’s energy into high temperature
heat using various mirror or lens configurations.
 Electrical power is produced when the concentrated light is
converted to heat, which drives a heat engine connected to an
electrical power generator or powers a thermo-chemical
reaction.
 The first patent for a solar collector was obtained by the
Italian Alessandro Battaglia in Genoa, Italy, in 1886.
 The 354MW Solar Energy generating system is still the
largest solar power plant in the world

4. Types of CSP Technologies
 CSP technology have been characterized by Performance,
commercial readiness, cost, reliability, and technical risk. There are
six technologies that are in now a days.
 Parabolic trough without storage.
 Parabolic trough with storage.
 Parabolic trough with hybrid fossil.
 Parabolic dish.
 Power tower.
 Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV).

5.  Parabolic Trough
It focuses the sunlight on a glass-encapsulated tube running
along the focal line of the collector. The tube carries heat absorbing
liquid, usually oil, which in turn, heats water to generate steam.

6.  Parabolic Dish
The parabolic dish tracks the sun to focus heat, which drives a
sterling heat engine-generator unit. This technology has
applications in relatively small capacity (tens of kW) due the size
of available engines and wind loads on the dish collectors.
 Power Tower
A solar power tower consists of an array of dual-axis
tracking reflectors that concentrate sunlight on a central
receiver atop a tower; the receiver contains a fluid deposit,
which can consist of sea water. The working fluid in the
receiver is heated to 500–1000 °C and then used as a heat
source for a power generation or energy storage system.

7.  Concentrating Photovoltaic
Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) plants provide power by
focusing solar radiation onto a photovoltaic (PV) module, which
converts the radiation directly to electricity.
Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems have potential for
cost reduction compared with conventional, non-concentrating
(also referred to as flat plate) PV systems due to use of smaller
cells allows more advanced and efficient cell technology.

8. Technology Selection for benefit Analysis
Black & Veatch has chosen the parabolic trough technology as
the CSP for economics benefits analysis because much more
detailed information on construction and operation costs and
performance is available for this technology than other CSP
technologies.
There are currently 354 MW of trough generation in the SEGS
plants in southern California, a 64 MW plant under construction in
Nevada, and several 50 MW or larger trough plants are in various
stages of development around the world. Other technologies do
not have significant commercial operating experience.

9. Efficiency of CSP Plant
For thermodynamic solar systems, the maximum solar efficiency
can be deduced by considering both thermal radiation properties
and Carnot's principle.
By putting the value of efficiency of Carnot and receiver in
above equation

11. Cost of CSP Energy
As of 9 September 2009, the cost of building a CSP station was
typically about US$2.50 to $4 per watt, while the fuel is free. Thus a
250 MW CSP station would have cost $600–1000 million to build.
That works out to $0.12 to 0.18 USD/kWh.

12. Global Potential of CSP

16. Commercial Status of CSP technology
The largest group of solar systems in the world is the Solar
Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) I through IX parabolic trough
plants in the Mohave Desert in southern California.
The SEGS plants were built between 1985 and 1991 and have a
total capacity of 354 MW. These plants have generally performed
well over their 15 to 20 years of operation.
On August 2, 2005, Southern California Edison publicly
announced the completion of negotiations on a 20-year power
purchase agreement with SES for between 500 to 850 MW of
capacity (producing 1,182 to 2,010 GWh per year) using parabolic
dish units.
On September 7, 2005, SES announced a contract with San
Diego Gas & Electric to provide between 300 and 900 MW of solar
power using the dish technology.

17. There are no commercial power tower plants in operation. The
10 MW Solar One plant near Barstow, California, operated from
1982 to 1988 and produced over 38 GWh of electricity.
CPV systems are being offered by Amonix, Inc., a US
manufacturer, and Solar Systems Pty, Ltd, an Australian firm.
These systems are offered in 25-35 kW sizes. There are 547 kW of
Amonix systems deployed at APS.
Ten Solar Systems dish PV systems have been deployed since
2003, for a total capacity of 220 kW, with the construction of an
additional 720 kW under way.

18. The Future
A study done by Greenpeace International, the European Solar
Thermal Electricity Association, and the International Energy
Agency's Solar PACES group investigated the potential and future
of concentrated solar power. The study found that concentrated
solar power could account for up to 25% of the world's energy
needs by 2050.
Finally, the study acknowledged how technology for CSP was
improving and how this would result in a drastic price decrease by
2050. It predicted a drop from the current range of €0.23–0.15/kwh
to €0.14–0.10/kwh.
On 9 September 2009; 4 years ago, Bill Weihl, Google.org’s
green-energy spokesperson said that the firm was conducting
research on the heliostat mirrors and gas turbine technology,
which he expects will drop the cost of solar thermal electric power
to less than $0.05/kWh in 2 or 3 years.

20. Solar power in India

21. Name(main) Location State Capacity
(MW)
Charanka solar park
Charanka village,
Patan
Gujarat 221
Welspun Energy Rajasthan Solar
Project
Phalodhi Rajasthan 50
Bitta Solar Power Plant (Adani
Power)
Bitta, Kutch
District,
Gujarat 40
Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park Pokhran Rajasthan 40
Moser Baer - Patan Gujarat 30
Mithapur Solar Power Plant (Tata
Power) - Mithapur
Gujarat 25
Azure Power –
Sabarkantha,Khadoda village,
Gujarat 10
Orissa
Patapur
Orissa 09

22. SN State MWp %CB SN State MWp %CB
1.
Andhra Pradesh 41.75 3.18
9.
Maharashtra 20.0 1.52
2.
Chhattisgarh 4.0 0.30
10.
Orissa 13.0 0.99
3. Delhi 2.5 0.19 11. Punjab 9.0 0.69
4.
Gujarat 654.8 49.90
12.
Rajasthan 510.25 38.89
5.
Haryana 7.8 0.59
13.
Tamil Nadu 15.0 1.14
6.
Jharkhand 4.0 0.30
14.
Uttar
Pradesh
12.0 0.91
7. Karnataka 9.0 0.69 15. Uttarakhand 5.0 0.38
8. Madhya Pradesh 2.0 0.15 16. West Bengal 2.0 0.15
Total 1312.10 100

23. References
 www.wikipedia.com
 Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar
Power in California
L. Stoddard, J. Abiecunas, and R. O'Connell
Black & Veatch
Overland Park, Kansas
 SolarPaces2009