This document discusses nutrition requirements during pregnancy and lactation. It notes that physiological changes during these periods increase demands for energy, protein, iron, vitamins and other nutrients. Recommended dietary allowances are provided for additional intake of calories, protein, iron, vitamin A, B vitamins and folic acid during pregnancy and lactation. The document recommends eating an extra meal per day to meet increased nutritional needs and emphasizes including foods like cereals, legumes, vegetables, fruits, meat and dairy. Proper nutrition during these critical life stages is important for both maternal and fetal health.
Right nutrition in early days of life is very important. Nutritional requirements are different for kids and adults in the family. They are in their growing age, they need balanced nutrition but not only high calorie foods, In growing years different age groups have different requirements. Discussion with experts helps in dealing with the situation.
Infant and young child feeding ppt describe the nutritional needs of infant and child. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months and complementary feeding for the child. avoid formula feeding for the child and continue breastfeeding for 24 months.
Nutrition during pregnancy
Nutrition before pregnancy
unhealthy eating trends
Nutrition during pregnancy
important of good Nutrition during pregnancy
Key Nutrition during pregnancy
Optimal weight gain during pregnancy
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
Nutrition during lactation
protein
Sources of vitamins
Right nutrition in early days of life is very important. Nutritional requirements are different for kids and adults in the family. They are in their growing age, they need balanced nutrition but not only high calorie foods, In growing years different age groups have different requirements. Discussion with experts helps in dealing with the situation.
Infant and young child feeding ppt describe the nutritional needs of infant and child. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months and complementary feeding for the child. avoid formula feeding for the child and continue breastfeeding for 24 months.
Nutrition during pregnancy
Nutrition before pregnancy
unhealthy eating trends
Nutrition during pregnancy
important of good Nutrition during pregnancy
Key Nutrition during pregnancy
Optimal weight gain during pregnancy
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
Nutrition during lactation
protein
Sources of vitamins
Nutrition For Lactating and pregnant womanCM Pandey
Knowledge of Nutrition is essential to prevent maternal and infant malnutrition and mortality. To share some knowledge I have gained, I have shared here my and my friend's class seminar on the topic 'Nutrition for Pregnant and Lactating Women'
Nutrition for Pregnant and Lactating womanCM Pandey
These are the slides that me, Madan Pandey & my friend, Deepak Kumar Mandal has presented in our class, B. Sc. (Nutrition & dietetics) 3rd year. We have slides here about physiological changes during pregnancy & lactation; complications at these stages and nutritional requirements according to ICMR, 2010. I hope it would be useful for the friends who are studying in field of food, nutrition, health & medicine.
Madan Pandey
Central Campus of Technology, Dharan
Tribhuvan University
Kathmandu, Nepal
A woman's body undergoes many transformations during the nine months of pregnancy. Some of these physical changes are visible, such as an expanding belly and weight gain, and changes such as enlarged uterus, morning sickness, backaches, respiratory, cardio vascular etc.. This ppt gives more information on maternal weight gain and energy cost
The human body cannot make protein from carbohydrate or fat. So, we must eat adequate protein everyday.
Protein intake of both quantity and quality, during the first 2 years of life has important effects on growth, neurodevelopment, and long-term health.
In early life, the diet of children and adolescents is characterized by a higher protein intake than recommended.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
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1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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1. Nutrition in
pregnancy and
lactation
Dr P Raghavendra,
Post Graduate in the
Dept of Community Medicine,
Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada
2. • Human body changes and behaves differently
in different periods of its lifecycle.
• Changing age and physiological
status, changes the activity, BMR, growth
rate, etc.
• These variations change the nutritional
requirements too.
3. Why the dietetics change in pregnancy
Many physiological changes.
• Uterine hypertrophy and hyperplasia
• Increased vascularity
• HR, SV, CO increase, so do TV and oxygen
consumption.
Appetite changes Cravings, Aversions for
certain foods.
Constipation sets in.
4. Contd..
• Above all, the growing demands of the
growing fetus.
• All these cause an increased demand and
requirements for energy and various other
nutrients.
• Also call for changes in lifestyle, including her
dietary habits.
5. Why in lactation?
• Lactation, biochemically, is a process of energy
conversion.
• Additional energy requirement is based on the
volume of milk secreted, its energy
content, and efficiency of energy conversion.
• The energy calculations are made at 850 ml
milk secretion per day and with 80%
conversion of food energy into milk energy.
7. Energy Requirements
• Total energy equivalents for oxygen
consumption increased during pregnancy is
27,000 Kcal.
• Also needs energy for utilization of fats and
protein.
• 4 kg of fat is deposited.
• Total energy cost comes to about 73,000 Kcal.
• Most of this is needed in the last 2 trimesters.
11. Protein requirements
• Demand for extra proteins:
– Rapid fetal growth
– Development of placenta, and other maternal
tissues
– Expanding fluids (Blood volume, Amniotic fluid)
– Storage reserves
15. Additional iron is required for..
• Augmented demand for fetal growth
• Expansion of maternal tissues (including RBC
mass)
• Iron content in placenta
• Blood loss during parturition
16. Additional requirements
• 2nd trimester 3.3 mg
• 3rd trimester 5 mg
Poor absorption of iron makes RDA to be increased
by 8 mg per day throughout the pregnancy.
Lactational amenorrhoea saves some iron
loss, enough to cover losses in breast milk.
17. Additional Iron requirements during motherhood
(in mg)
RDA (Sedentary woman) 30
Add 8
Pregnancy
Total 38
Add 0
Lactation
(1st 6 months) Total 30
Add 0
Lactation
(6-12 months) Total 30
21. Folic acid
• Additional RDA: 300 g/day.
• Diet not enough. Supplementation through
medicinal folate is needed.
• Ideally should be started 3 months pre-
conceptionally.
• During lactation, RDA is increased by 50
g/day
23. • Fetus is very sensitive to micronutrient
deficiencies during organogenesis as well as
during growth.
• In deficiency, the meager maternal resources
are used off first.
• Even mother’s health can be compromised.
26. • Food fads
• Vicious cycle of malnutrition
• Woman should be advised in their own
language as roti, chawal and not as proteins
and fats.
27. Dietary advices
• Eat one extra meal a day, to ensure adequacy
of all nutrients
• Try and eat with the whole family and not
alone
• Prefer high fibre cereals and legumes - include
sprouts
• Include ample amounts of vegetables and
fruits
• Take meat, milk and eggs regularly
28. Dietary advices
• If vegetarian, insist on at least ½ lit of milk, and
extra pulses
• Prefer nutritious foods like groundnuts and soya
beans
• No fad diets
• Take iron and folate supplements regularly
• No un-prescribed medicines, alcohol and tobacco
• Attend ANC clinic regularly and follow your
doctor’s advise
31. References
1. Textbook of Public Health and Community Medicine, 1st edition, 2009.,
Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC.
2. K.Park, Textbook of Social and Preventive Medicine, 21/e, 2011,
Banarsidas Bhanot.
3. National Institute of Nutrition, Nutritional Requirements and
Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians; A report of the ICMR,
2010
4. Venkatachalam PS, Rebello LM. Nutrition for Mother and Child. National
Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad. 5th edition, 2004
5. Gupta RK. Towards better nutrition of pregnant women in the
developing world. Indian J of PSM.
6. Geissler C, Powers H. Human Nutrition.11th ed. Elsevier Churchill
Livingstone London. 2005
7. Gopalan C, Ramasastri BV, Balasubramanium SC. Nutritive Value of
Indian foods, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad. 1999