The document discusses several theoretical foundations of instructional technology and learning environments. It describes behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors and environmental stimuli/responses. It also outlines Gagne's instructional theory, including the nine events of instruction. Additionally, it discusses constructivism where learners build knowledge from experiences. Finally, it examines different learning environments including traditional, technology-enhanced, online, and the importance of creating an environment that meets student needs.

1. Theoretical Foundation for Instructional Technology Maram M. kalantan

6. Gagne’s Instructional Theory 2. Information the learner of the objective. 1. Gaining attention. 3. Providing learning guidance. 5. Presenting the stimulus. 6. Eliciting performance. 8. Assessing performance. 9. Enhancing retention and transfer. 4. Stimulating recall of prior learning. 7. Providing feedback. (Reiser & Demposey, 2007, p.41)