1. Sociolinguistics
language, society and Culture
Social Context
Languages in contact
Pidginization
Languages variation
language & Gender
Created by Joel Acosta
June, 2012

2. is influenced
A form
of social Social
identity factors
Which indicates
Membership of
Social different Speech
groups communities

3. It’s a group of people who
share a set of norms, rules
and expectations regarding to
the use of language
The study of The science which
language in studies and
social context investigates language

4. Strong connection
Anthropology Sociology
Investigation of Crucial roles
language and that language
culture plays

5. Varieties of language used
by groups
Defined according to
Social class Gender
Education Age

6. Upper class Lower class
and more are important
factors to
and less
educated determine educated
social variety
or dialect
Tend to use Tend to
more simplify the
complicated Differ in form
way of
forms and speaking
pronunciation

7. Are also factors that can
determine language variety or
Age dialect
Elders may Gender
speak a bit
different from Male
youngers Tend to use
Female speakers
simpler ways of
speakers speaking
Discuss their
personal feelings. Prefer no- personal
Tend to use more topics such as sports
sophisticated Mention and news.
language personal
Respond giving
experiences
advice or solution

8. Different ethnic backgrounds Can provoke
The frequent Differences in speech
absence of the form
of the verb to be: AFRICAN-AMERICANS
 They mine
 You crazy
Have a dialect called Black English
Vernacular
Is stigmatized as
The use of “BAD SPEECH” It is a
double negative. widespread
“He don’t know social dialect
nothing”
The speech of recent immigrants, and often of their children, will
contain identifying features

9. Spoken Written
language language
Related to
Formal
The situation
of use
Business
letters
Informal
Letters to
friends

10. The term was Become common: in
originated by:
the 1960s introduced
Thomas Bertram
Reid in 1956 by a group of
linguists who wanted
to distinguish
between variations in
language according
to the user and
variations
focus on the way
according to use
language is used in
particular situations

11. Joos (1961) describes five styles in spoken English:
Frozen Printed unchanging language such as bible quotations; often contains
archaisms.
Formal One-way participation, no interruption. Technical vocabulary; "Fussy
semantics" or exact definitions are important. Includes introductions between
strangers.
Consultative Two-way participation. Background information is provided —
prior knowledge is not assumed. "Backchannel behavior" such as "uh huh", "I
see", etc. is common. Interruptions allowed.
Casual In-group friends and acquaintances. No background
information provided. Ellipsis and slang common. Interruptions
common.
Intimate Non-public. Intonation more important than wording or
grammar. Private vocabulary.

12. Halliday (1964) identifies three variables that
determine register:
Field (the subject
matter of the
discourse)
Tenor (the
participants and
their relationships)
Mode (the channel
of communication,
e.g. spoken or
written)

13. Technical vocabulary associated
with a specifically activity or group
Engineering jargon
Medical jargon
Legal jargon Baseball jargon
Computer jargon

14. Context is a notion used in the language
sciences (linguistics, sociolinguistics,
systemic functional linguistics, discourse
analysis, pragmatics, semiotics, etc.)
Verbal Context Social context
Refers to surrounding Is defined in terms
text or talk of an of objective social
expression (word, variables, such as
sentence, conversational those of class,
turn, speech act, etc.).
gender or race.

15. occurs when two or more languages
or varieties interact
occurs in a variety of phenomena
Creation of new Borrowing of
languages: Creolization vocabulary
and mixed languages
Strata Language
influence shift

16. Borrowing of A word from one language that has
vocabulary been adapted for use in another
The result of the contact of two languages
can be the replacement of one by the Language shift
other. This is most common when one
language has a higher social position.
Language that influences, or is influenced by another through
contact.
Substratum is a language which has lower power or than another.
Strata influence Superstratum is the language that has higher power.
Adstratum refers to a language that is in contact with another
language in a neighbor population without having identifiably higher
or lower prestige.
Language contact can also lead to the
development of new languages when people
without a common language interact closely, Creation of new
developing a pidgin, which may eventually languages
become a full-fledged Creole language through
the process of Creolization.

17. Is a simplified language that develops as a means
of communication between two or more groups that
do not have a language in common
May be built from Allow people to
words, sounds, or body communicate with each
language from multiple other without having
other languages and any similarities in
cultures language and does not
have any rules
Has low prestige
with respect to
other languages

19. Use of reduplication
Uncomplicated
to represent plurals, A lack of
clausal structure
superlatives, and morphophonemic
(e.g., no embedded
other parts of speech variation
clauses, etc.)
that represent the
concept being
increased
Use of separate Reduction or
words to indicate elimination of
tense, usually syllable codas
preceding the verb
Reduction of
No tones, such as
consonant
those found in West
clusters or
African and Asian
breaking them
languages
with epenthesis
Basic vowels, such
as [a, e, i, o, u]

20. Prolonged, regular
An absence of a widespread,
contact between the
accessible interlanguage
different language
communities
A need to
communicate
between them

21. Regional, social, or contextual
differences in the ways that a
particular language is used
Some important terminologies
Internal
Idiolect
Variation
Dialect Language
Variety

22. Refers to the property of languages of having
different ways of expressing the same meaning
E.g.: lorry- truck
underground-subway
flat-apartment.

23. A regional or social variety of a language
distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or
vocabulary, especially a variety of speech differing
from the standard literary language or speech
pattern of the culture in which it exists:
Cockney is a dialect of English.
Every person speaks a A variety of language that with
dialect of his or her native other varieties constitutes a
language.(Dialectology) single language of which no
single variety is standard: the
dialects of Ancient Greek.

24. The language peculiar to the members of a
group, especially in an occupation; jargon: the
dialect of science.
A language considered as part of a larger family
of languages or a linguistic branch. Not in
scientific use: Spanish and French are Romance
dialects.

25. Personal dialect of each
individual speaker of a
language.
Nobody speak a It differs in some details
perfect language,
everybody speak an
idiolect.
Factors:
Voice quality
Physical state
Social factors
These contribute to the identifying
features in an individual`s speech

26. is recognized as a relationship between languages in
which speakers of different but related languages can
readily understand each other without intentional study or
extraordinary effort.
E.g. In china E.g. A person from
Mandarin vs. New York speaking
Cantonese (they are with a person from
considered different Texas.
dialects of the same
language).

27. Means a large geographical area, where the
spoken language differs only slightly from
village to village, but over a longer distance
the differences become that huge, that mutual
intelligibility is not possible.
E.g.: Dutch vs. German
Goedemorgen Guten Morgen

28. Standard Varieties Non-standard Varieties
Are selected and Non-standard
promoted by either varieties are
quasi-legal authorities learned as first
or other social language at home,
institutions, such as through intensive
schools or media, everyday contacts.
they are more
prestigious than Linguistically speaking, no one dialect or
others. language is better , more correct, or more
logical than any other

29. an extensive Standard American English,
formal literature Standard British English,
that employs that Standard Indian English,
dialect in prose, Standard Australian English,
poetry, non- and Standard Philippine
fiction, etc. English may all be said to be
published standard dialects of the English
grammars, language
dictionaries, and
textbooks that
set forth a A dialect that
"correct" spoken is supported
and written form by institutions
Presentation as
being the "correct"
Such institutional support
form of a language
may include government
in schools
recognition or designation

30. Has a complete
vocabulary,
Associated with the
grammar, and
language of the lower
socioeconomic classes. syntax, but is not the
beneficiary of
institutional support
Bad=improper An example of a
nonstandard English
dialect is Southern
English

31. E.g.: 'Hillbilly English'
from the Appalachians Is not a
in the USA and distinct
'Geordie' from language
Newcastle upon Tyne
in the UK
Some regional dialects A variety of a
have been given language spoken
traditional names which in a particular
mark them out as being area of a country
significantly different from
standard varieties spoken
in the same place

32. 'Singlish' spoken in Singapore is a variety Sometimes members of a
very different from standard English, and particular minority ethnic
there are many other varieties of English group have their own
used in India variety which they use as
a marker of identity,
usually alongside a
standard variety
The differences from
the standard variety
may be linked to
English proficiency,
or may be part of a E.g.: African American
range of varieties Vernacular English in the
used to express USA, London Jamaican in
identity Britain, and Aboriginal
English in Australia
Indigenized variety
are spoken mainly as second languages in
ex-colonies with multilingual populations

33. It is the variety of E.g.: standard Italian is a
language characteristic
dialect in that it is
of a social background or
status particular to Tuscany; it
is also a sociolect in that
it carries a certain
prestige from being the
lingua franca throughout
A dialect which evolves the country – both in
from regional speech broadcasting, in the
may also have press, and by people of
sociolectical high social status
implications

34. Overt Prestige Covert Prestige
how people should how people should speak
speak in order to in order to be considered
gain status in the member of a particular
wider community community
(standard dialects). (nonstandard dialects)

35. Many Isoglosses indicate
that the speech of that Language varieties
particular group is different are defined in terms
in a number of ways from of geographical
other around it. boundaries are
called Regional
Dialects.
The boundaries of a
particular linguistic The study of the
area are called regional dialects is
Isoglosses. called
dialectology.

36. LANGUAGE GENDER
Is a range of characteristics used to
Is a tool of distinguish between males and females,
communication particularly in the cases of men and women
and the masculine and feminine attributes
assigned to them.
Is an area of study within sociolinguistics, applied
linguistics, and related fields that investigates varieties
of speech associated with a particular gender, or social
norms for such gendered language use
LANGUAGE AND GENDER

37. POLITENESS MINIMAL
RESPONSE
VERBAL AGRESSION
QUESTION
SELF-DISCLOSURE
TURN-TAKING
CHANGGING THE
TOPIC OF
CONVERSATION

38. Is one of the ways in which the
MINIMAL RESPONSE communicative behavior of men
and women differ.
has response frequently
when they have a
conversation for example :
paralinguistic features such
as ‘mhmm’ and ‘yeah’, which
is behavior associated with has response less
collaborative their language than women when
use. they have a
conversation for
example: generally
use ‘mhmm’ and
‘yeah’less
frequently

39. QUESTION
Men and women differ in their use of
questions in conversations.
Men's language is heard
as clearly their toughness,
as lack of affect, competitiveness, Use questions more frequently. They
as independence, usually use questions tag to avoid making
as competence, strong statements,
as hierarchy, to reflect their conservatism,
as control. to prestige consciousness,
to upward mobility,
to insecurity,
to deference,
to nurturance,
to emotional expressivity,
to connectedness,
to sensitivity to others,
to solidarity.

40. TURN-TAKING
Gives rises to complex forms of interaction in relation to the more
regimented form of turn-taking.
Female linguistic behavior characteristically encompasses a
desire to take turns in conversation with others, which is
opposed to men’s tendency towards centering on their own
point or remaining silent when presented with such implicit
offers of conversational turn-taking as are provided by
hedges such as and "isn’t it".

41. CHANGING THE TOPIC OF CONVERSATION
This difference may well be at the root
of the conception that women chatter
and talk too much, and may still sparker
the same thinking in some males. In this
way lowered estimation of women may
arise.
Women’s topic : Men’s Topic:
Gossip Firm
Men Sport
Shopping Women
Child-rearing Politic
Personal relationship Cars

42. SELF-DISCLOSURE
Is the process defined as telling others
about the self.
Sharing their Male tendencies to
problems and non-self-disclosure
experiences with and professing advice
others, often to offer or offering a solution
sympathy. when confronted with
another’s problems.
They usually asked Because man usually
their friend about their solve their problems
problems. by themselves.

43. VERBAL AGRESSION
Engage in kros, or
"angry talk", which is
typically characterized
by vituperative and
brazen displays of
insults and shouting.
Focused on the down play
of conflict in order to
maintain - or at least give -
the illusion of harmony.

44. POLITENESS
Is best expressed as the practical
application of good manners or etiquette
According to Lakoff (1975), he identified three forms of politeness:
Camaraderie
Is Goodwill and Formal Politeness
lighthearted rapport Generally accepted
between friends; Deference Politeness formal standards
comradeship. Is the condition of usually denote
submitting to the professionalism,
espoused, legitimate whereas the
influence of one's absence or lack of
superior or superiors. standards would be
seen as casual.

45. There are many differences between men’s
language and women’s language. We can see
that by minimal response side, Question side,
Turn taking side, Changing the topic of
conversation side, Self-disclosure side, Verbal
aggression side, Politeness side.

46. http://www.eliterarysociety.com/language-society-and-
culture/
http://www.learner.org/courses/learningclassroom/support/07
_learn_context.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_contact
http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/Pidginization/261760.html
http://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/index.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_and_gender