1. The document summarizes the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century due to invasions by Germanic tribes like the Visigoths and Vandals, and the establishment of barbarian kingdoms in its place. 2. It then discusses the Eastern Roman Empire, also called the Byzantine Empire, which was reunified and saw a cultural and artistic renaissance under Emperor Justinian in the 6th century. 3. However, the Byzantine Empire then faced threats from the Lombards in Italy and various tribes on its borders, and saw a period of decline from the 7th to 10th centuries before experiencing a revival under the Macedonian dynasty in the 10th century.

1. Lecture 11: Fall of Roman Empire + Emergence of Byzantium