This document discusses various systemic diseases and their influence on oral health. It covers hematological diseases like iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia and their oral manifestations. It also discusses endocrine diseases like hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus and their effects on oral health. Metabolic disorders like histiocytosis X and nutritional disorders are also summarized along with their clinical features and dental management considerations.
This document discusses oral manifestations of various systemic diseases. It covers cardiovascular diseases like congenital heart diseases, rheumatic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. It also discusses renal disease, endocrine disorders like disorders of the pituitary and adrenals, and thyroid disorders. Other sections discuss gastrointestinal disorders, collagen vascular diseases, neurological disorders, immunologic diseases, allergies, and respiratory diseases. For each condition, it describes the systemic disease, potential oral manifestations, and considerations for dental management.
Syndromes affecting the periodontium khushbu13 4-08khushbu mishra
This document discusses various syndromes that can affect the periodontium. It begins by defining a syndrome and systemic conditions. It then classifies syndromes affecting the periodontium into 10 categories based on their effects. Several specific syndromes are discussed in more detail, including their definitions, etiologies, clinical features, diagnoses, and treatments. These include syndromes causing white lesions (focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa hyperkeratosis syndrome), red lesions (Klippel-Trenauny-Weber syndrome, Sturge-Webber syndrome, Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome), and defects in the gingivolabial fold (orofaciodigital syndrome type
7.oral manifest of systemic diseases part iLama K Banna
Oral examination can reveal findings indicative of underlying systemic conditions. Careful oral evaluation includes inspection of the mucosa, periodontal tissues, and teeth. Oral manifestations of anemia may include pallor, glossitis, and candidiasis. Many systemic diseases are reflected in oral changes such as ulceration, bleeding, infections, bone disease, and dental issues. Local factors may also contribute to oral lesions in patients with systemic conditions. Diseases of the endocrine, hematologic, immune, and gastrointestinal systems can all impact the oral cavity. Medications prescribed for systemic illnesses can additionally cause oral side effects.
This document discusses various syndromes that can affect the periodontium. It begins by defining systemic conditions and syndromes. It then classifies syndromes affecting the periodontium into 10 categories based on their effects such as causing white lesions, red lesions, ulcers/erosions, pigmentation, lumps/swellings, bleeding, periodontal destruction, defects in the gingivolabial fold, and effects on the periodontal ligament. Several specific syndromes are discussed in detail for each category.
This document discusses dental considerations for patients with endocrine diseases. It covers hormone excess, deficiency, and resistance related to the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, and parathyroid glands. Key points include increased risk of infections for patients on high-dose steroids (Cushing's); need for IV glucocorticoids before dental work in Addison's disease; risks of aspiration and bleeding in hypothyroidism; increased caries and mobility in hyperparathyroidism; and increased infections and delayed healing in diabetes. Systemic treatment needs and dental management strategies are provided for each condition.
Papillon–Lefevre Syndrome: A Case Report with Review of LiteratureAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract :papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) Is A Very Rare Autosomal Recessive Disorder Characterized By Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis And Severe Early Onset Of Destructive Periodontitis Leading To Premature Loss Of Both Primary And Permanent Dentitions. Here We Are Presenting Case Report Of Siblings Who Presented With Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis And Aggressive Periodontitis.
Keywords: Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome, Periodontitis, Palmoplantar, Hyperkeratosis, Cathepsin C
This document provides information on oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), including its definition, history, pathogenesis, clinical features, and staging classifications. OSMF is a chronic disease affecting the oral cavity and sometimes pharynx, characterized by juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of the lamina propria. Chewing betel quid and areca nut releases alkaloids and tannins that cause irritation and inflammation, activating fibroblasts and increasing production and cross-linking of collagen over time, resulting in stiffness and inability to open the mouth. OSMF is considered a precancerous condition due to its association with oral cancer. Staging systems describe progression from initial symptoms to trismus and possible malignancy
Dr. Shakunthala G K's presentation covered several topics related to salivary glands including their anatomy, physiology, functions, and disorders. Key points included classifications of salivary gland disorders such as developmental abnormalities, obstructive lesions like sialolithiasis, inflammatory lesions, sialadenitis, immune conditions like Sjogren's syndrome, and functional disorders including xerostomia and hypersalivation. Diagnosis and management of common salivary gland conditions such as sialolithiasis, mucocele, ranula, and sialadenitis were discussed.
This document discusses oral manifestations of various systemic diseases. It covers cardiovascular diseases like congenital heart diseases, rheumatic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. It also discusses renal disease, endocrine disorders like disorders of the pituitary and adrenals, and thyroid disorders. Other sections discuss gastrointestinal disorders, collagen vascular diseases, neurological disorders, immunologic diseases, allergies, and respiratory diseases. For each condition, it describes the systemic disease, potential oral manifestations, and considerations for dental management.
Syndromes affecting the periodontium khushbu13 4-08khushbu mishra
This document discusses various syndromes that can affect the periodontium. It begins by defining a syndrome and systemic conditions. It then classifies syndromes affecting the periodontium into 10 categories based on their effects. Several specific syndromes are discussed in more detail, including their definitions, etiologies, clinical features, diagnoses, and treatments. These include syndromes causing white lesions (focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa hyperkeratosis syndrome), red lesions (Klippel-Trenauny-Weber syndrome, Sturge-Webber syndrome, Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome), and defects in the gingivolabial fold (orofaciodigital syndrome type
7.oral manifest of systemic diseases part iLama K Banna
Oral examination can reveal findings indicative of underlying systemic conditions. Careful oral evaluation includes inspection of the mucosa, periodontal tissues, and teeth. Oral manifestations of anemia may include pallor, glossitis, and candidiasis. Many systemic diseases are reflected in oral changes such as ulceration, bleeding, infections, bone disease, and dental issues. Local factors may also contribute to oral lesions in patients with systemic conditions. Diseases of the endocrine, hematologic, immune, and gastrointestinal systems can all impact the oral cavity. Medications prescribed for systemic illnesses can additionally cause oral side effects.
This document discusses various syndromes that can affect the periodontium. It begins by defining systemic conditions and syndromes. It then classifies syndromes affecting the periodontium into 10 categories based on their effects such as causing white lesions, red lesions, ulcers/erosions, pigmentation, lumps/swellings, bleeding, periodontal destruction, defects in the gingivolabial fold, and effects on the periodontal ligament. Several specific syndromes are discussed in detail for each category.
This document discusses dental considerations for patients with endocrine diseases. It covers hormone excess, deficiency, and resistance related to the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, and parathyroid glands. Key points include increased risk of infections for patients on high-dose steroids (Cushing's); need for IV glucocorticoids before dental work in Addison's disease; risks of aspiration and bleeding in hypothyroidism; increased caries and mobility in hyperparathyroidism; and increased infections and delayed healing in diabetes. Systemic treatment needs and dental management strategies are provided for each condition.
Papillon–Lefevre Syndrome: A Case Report with Review of LiteratureAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract :papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) Is A Very Rare Autosomal Recessive Disorder Characterized By Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis And Severe Early Onset Of Destructive Periodontitis Leading To Premature Loss Of Both Primary And Permanent Dentitions. Here We Are Presenting Case Report Of Siblings Who Presented With Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis And Aggressive Periodontitis.
Keywords: Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome, Periodontitis, Palmoplantar, Hyperkeratosis, Cathepsin C
This document provides information on oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), including its definition, history, pathogenesis, clinical features, and staging classifications. OSMF is a chronic disease affecting the oral cavity and sometimes pharynx, characterized by juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of the lamina propria. Chewing betel quid and areca nut releases alkaloids and tannins that cause irritation and inflammation, activating fibroblasts and increasing production and cross-linking of collagen over time, resulting in stiffness and inability to open the mouth. OSMF is considered a precancerous condition due to its association with oral cancer. Staging systems describe progression from initial symptoms to trismus and possible malignancy
Dr. Shakunthala G K's presentation covered several topics related to salivary glands including their anatomy, physiology, functions, and disorders. Key points included classifications of salivary gland disorders such as developmental abnormalities, obstructive lesions like sialolithiasis, inflammatory lesions, sialadenitis, immune conditions like Sjogren's syndrome, and functional disorders including xerostomia and hypersalivation. Diagnosis and management of common salivary gland conditions such as sialolithiasis, mucocele, ranula, and sialadenitis were discussed.
Normal anatomical variations( Dr MEGHA B)MINDS MAHE
This document summarizes several normal anatomical variations that can occur in the oral cavity. It describes variations that can be seen on the buccal mucosa such as leukedema and Fordyce's granules. Variations of the gingiva, tongue, and lips are also discussed including physiologic pigmentation, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, and commissural lip pits. Finally, some common radiographic variations like idiopathic osteosclerosis and Stafne bone defects are mentioned. For each variation, the document discusses epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and differentiation from pathologic conditions.
This document provides an overview of a student presentation on pediatric oral pathology. It discusses various developmental conditions like orofacial clefts, palatal cysts of newborns, congenital epulis, natal/neonatal teeth, ankyloglossia, and congenital absence of teeth. It also covers odontogenic conditions, reactive lesions, infections, and developmental abnormalities seen in pediatric oral pathology. Treatment approaches for many of these conditions are mentioned as well.
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances that can affect the oral region. It begins with definitions of relevant terms and a classification system. It then discusses specific developmental disturbances affecting soft tissues like lip pits, double lips, and macroglossia/microglossia. Tooth-related disturbances covered include variations in size (microdontia, macrodontia), number (hypodontia, oligodontia, supernumerary teeth), form (taurodontism, gemination), and structure (amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta). Causes may be genetic, environmental, or due to systemic conditions. The level of detail provided on each topic aims to inform diagnosis and management of developmental oral disturbances.
This document summarizes several developmental bone disturbances:
- Exostoses are bony protuberances that arise from bone and are often asymptomatic unless overlying mucosa ulcers. Common types include buccal and palatal exostoses.
- Torus palatinus is a common midline hard palate exostosis, while torus mandibularis occurs along the lingual mandible.
- Eagle syndrome involves elongated styloid process or mineralized stylohyoid ligament, causing nerve compression and pain symptoms.
- Focal osteoporotic marrow defects are asymptomatic radiolucencies in mandibular bone caused by hematopoietic marrow persistence or hyperplasia.
This document provides an overview of hematological disorders and their significance in periodontal treatment. It begins with an introduction to how blood cells play an essential role in periodontal health. It then classifies hematological disorders into cellular defects affecting red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Specific disorders discussed include anemias, leukemias, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation defects. The document outlines the oral manifestations and treatments for many of these conditions and discusses their implications for periodontal disease and treatment.
This document discusses chronic and conditioned gingival overgrowth in children. It covers several topics:
1. Plaque-induced gingivitis including simple chronic gingivitis and conditional gingival enlargement due to hormonal changes, drugs like Dilantin, and nutritional deficiencies.
2. Genetic causes of gingival overgrowth like gingival fibromatosis.
3. Specific conditions are described in more detail such as puberty gingivitis, Dilantin-induced gingival hyperplasia, and scorbutic gingivitis. Treatment options and complications are provided.
This document discusses clinical features of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. It describes the signs and symptoms of gingivitis such as color changes, consistency changes, and bleeding. It also discusses the progression of inflammation from the gingiva to the supporting periodontal tissues. Finally, it outlines the characteristics, disease distribution, risk factors, and prevalence of chronic periodontitis.
Clinical features ofgingivitis. periodonticsGururam MDS
This document describes the clinical features and classification of gingivitis. Key signs of gingivitis include redness and swelling of the gingiva, bleeding when probed, and changes in color, contour, consistency and position. Gingivitis can be acute, recurrent, or chronic based on duration and onset. It can affect areas marginally, papillary, or diffusely. Bleeding is an early sign and results from local irritants or systemic factors. Recession of the gingiva may be visible, apparent, or hidden and can result from factors like faulty brushing or tooth malposition.
Clinical features of gingivitis include:
1. The gingiva appears red, swollen, and bleeds easily when probed due to inflammatory cell infiltration and increased vascularity.
2. Interdental papillae become blunted and bulbous as they bulge out between teeth.
3. Histopathology shows inflammatory cell infiltration, ulceration of sulcular epithelium, edema, and fibrosis in long-standing cases.
Treatment involves thorough scaling, removing local irritants, improving plaque control, and oral hygiene instruction. The prognosis is generally excellent.
This document discusses clubbing, cyanosis, edema, and jaundice. It defines clubbing and describes the grading and causes. It also defines cyanosis, distinguishing central and peripheral types. Edema is defined and causes discussed including low oncotic pressure and increased capillary permeability. Jaundice is defined as excess bilirubin in blood and potential physical exam findings are outlined depending on the underlying etiology.
This document contains information about oral pathology including developmental conditions of teeth, lesions, caries and pulp conditions, periapical conditions, and cysts. It provides definitions and descriptions of various oral conditions and asks questions to test knowledge. For example, it defines gemination as the development of a double crown or root from a single tooth germ. It also asks questions about the signs and symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments for different oral conditions like pulpitis, periapical lesions, and cysts.
The document discusses various dental pathologies including reversible and irreversible pulpitis, hyperdontia, microdontia, macrodontia, anodontia, and prevention methods. Reversible pulpitis causes temporary pain from hot or cold foods and drinks that can progress to infection without treatment, while irreversible pulpitis requires root canal treatment or tooth removal. Hyperdontia is having excess teeth, microdontia are abnormally small teeth, and macrodontia are abnormally large teeth.
This document describes the clinical features of gingivitis. It discusses the etiology being microbial plaque and host response. The clinical signs are redness, sponginess, bleeding on provocation, and changes in contour. Gingivitis can be acute, chronic, or recurrent based on duration and course. Localized or generalized classifications are based on extent of involvement. Common findings include bleeding on probing, color changes from red to pale, changes in consistency and texture. Systemic factors like medications, hormones, and diseases can also influence gingival manifestations.
This document summarizes the clinical features and progression of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. It begins by describing gingivitis, including its acute, chronic, and localized vs generalized forms. It then discusses how inflammation can extend from the gingiva into the supporting periodontal tissues, characterizing chronic periodontitis by microbial plaque, inflammation, attachment and bone loss over time. Key signs include pocket formation and bleeding on probing.
Common Endocrine diseases with some dental aspectsMustafa Alkotobe
This document discusses common endocrine diseases and their oral manifestations. It covers diabetes mellitus and its effects like xerostomia and increased infections. It also discusses hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Other endocrine glands covered include the thyroid gland and diseases like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The parathyroid gland and conditions such as hyperparathyroidism are also summarized. Finally, it briefly discusses the adrenal cortex and hypofunction. Throughout, it provides details on symptoms, risks, and considerations for dental treatment for patients with these endocrine conditions.
1. Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear.
2. The exact cause is unknown but may involve an obstruction of the endolymphatic duct resulting in a buildup of fluid in the inner ear.
3. Treatment focuses on controlling vertigo attacks, minimizing hearing loss, and in severe cases, surgery to relieve fluid buildup such as a shunt or labyrinthectomy.
This document discusses investigations into tooth discoloration. It defines tooth discoloration and outlines several laboratory studies and radiographic examinations that can be used to identify potential causes. Laboratory tests may include renal ultrasound scans, urine tests, and complete blood counts. Radiographic imaging like intraoral and panoramic x-rays can reveal defects in tooth structure and alveolar bone. Specific conditions like amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and dentinal dysplasias each have distinguishing radiographic features. Histologic examination provides additional information but is not usually needed for daily clinical practice. References are provided for further reading.
Oral pathology deals with diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. It involves research, diagnosis, and patient management. Diseases are classified based on the affected tissue, such as hard tissues like teeth and bones, or soft tissues. Diagnosis depends on clinical features, radiographic or microscopic examination of biopsied tissues. Common diagnostic tools include exfoliative cytology, vital dyes, and biopsy of lesions. Biopsied tissues undergo fixation, processing, sectioning and staining for microscopic examination by a pathologist.
DIAGNOSIS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES FROM ORAL SIGNS / dental implant courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Rachmat Gunadi Wachjudi is a doctor born in Garut, Indonesia in 1955. He received his medical degree from FK UNSRI Palembang and completed internships and specializations in internal medicine and rheumatology. He currently works in the Rheumatology Division at Rumah Sakit dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung. He is a member of several medical organizations related to internal medicine and rheumatology.
Normal anatomical variations( Dr MEGHA B)MINDS MAHE
This document summarizes several normal anatomical variations that can occur in the oral cavity. It describes variations that can be seen on the buccal mucosa such as leukedema and Fordyce's granules. Variations of the gingiva, tongue, and lips are also discussed including physiologic pigmentation, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, and commissural lip pits. Finally, some common radiographic variations like idiopathic osteosclerosis and Stafne bone defects are mentioned. For each variation, the document discusses epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and differentiation from pathologic conditions.
This document provides an overview of a student presentation on pediatric oral pathology. It discusses various developmental conditions like orofacial clefts, palatal cysts of newborns, congenital epulis, natal/neonatal teeth, ankyloglossia, and congenital absence of teeth. It also covers odontogenic conditions, reactive lesions, infections, and developmental abnormalities seen in pediatric oral pathology. Treatment approaches for many of these conditions are mentioned as well.
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances that can affect the oral region. It begins with definitions of relevant terms and a classification system. It then discusses specific developmental disturbances affecting soft tissues like lip pits, double lips, and macroglossia/microglossia. Tooth-related disturbances covered include variations in size (microdontia, macrodontia), number (hypodontia, oligodontia, supernumerary teeth), form (taurodontism, gemination), and structure (amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta). Causes may be genetic, environmental, or due to systemic conditions. The level of detail provided on each topic aims to inform diagnosis and management of developmental oral disturbances.
This document summarizes several developmental bone disturbances:
- Exostoses are bony protuberances that arise from bone and are often asymptomatic unless overlying mucosa ulcers. Common types include buccal and palatal exostoses.
- Torus palatinus is a common midline hard palate exostosis, while torus mandibularis occurs along the lingual mandible.
- Eagle syndrome involves elongated styloid process or mineralized stylohyoid ligament, causing nerve compression and pain symptoms.
- Focal osteoporotic marrow defects are asymptomatic radiolucencies in mandibular bone caused by hematopoietic marrow persistence or hyperplasia.
This document provides an overview of hematological disorders and their significance in periodontal treatment. It begins with an introduction to how blood cells play an essential role in periodontal health. It then classifies hematological disorders into cellular defects affecting red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Specific disorders discussed include anemias, leukemias, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation defects. The document outlines the oral manifestations and treatments for many of these conditions and discusses their implications for periodontal disease and treatment.
This document discusses chronic and conditioned gingival overgrowth in children. It covers several topics:
1. Plaque-induced gingivitis including simple chronic gingivitis and conditional gingival enlargement due to hormonal changes, drugs like Dilantin, and nutritional deficiencies.
2. Genetic causes of gingival overgrowth like gingival fibromatosis.
3. Specific conditions are described in more detail such as puberty gingivitis, Dilantin-induced gingival hyperplasia, and scorbutic gingivitis. Treatment options and complications are provided.
This document discusses clinical features of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. It describes the signs and symptoms of gingivitis such as color changes, consistency changes, and bleeding. It also discusses the progression of inflammation from the gingiva to the supporting periodontal tissues. Finally, it outlines the characteristics, disease distribution, risk factors, and prevalence of chronic periodontitis.
Clinical features ofgingivitis. periodonticsGururam MDS
This document describes the clinical features and classification of gingivitis. Key signs of gingivitis include redness and swelling of the gingiva, bleeding when probed, and changes in color, contour, consistency and position. Gingivitis can be acute, recurrent, or chronic based on duration and onset. It can affect areas marginally, papillary, or diffusely. Bleeding is an early sign and results from local irritants or systemic factors. Recession of the gingiva may be visible, apparent, or hidden and can result from factors like faulty brushing or tooth malposition.
Clinical features of gingivitis include:
1. The gingiva appears red, swollen, and bleeds easily when probed due to inflammatory cell infiltration and increased vascularity.
2. Interdental papillae become blunted and bulbous as they bulge out between teeth.
3. Histopathology shows inflammatory cell infiltration, ulceration of sulcular epithelium, edema, and fibrosis in long-standing cases.
Treatment involves thorough scaling, removing local irritants, improving plaque control, and oral hygiene instruction. The prognosis is generally excellent.
This document discusses clubbing, cyanosis, edema, and jaundice. It defines clubbing and describes the grading and causes. It also defines cyanosis, distinguishing central and peripheral types. Edema is defined and causes discussed including low oncotic pressure and increased capillary permeability. Jaundice is defined as excess bilirubin in blood and potential physical exam findings are outlined depending on the underlying etiology.
This document contains information about oral pathology including developmental conditions of teeth, lesions, caries and pulp conditions, periapical conditions, and cysts. It provides definitions and descriptions of various oral conditions and asks questions to test knowledge. For example, it defines gemination as the development of a double crown or root from a single tooth germ. It also asks questions about the signs and symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments for different oral conditions like pulpitis, periapical lesions, and cysts.
The document discusses various dental pathologies including reversible and irreversible pulpitis, hyperdontia, microdontia, macrodontia, anodontia, and prevention methods. Reversible pulpitis causes temporary pain from hot or cold foods and drinks that can progress to infection without treatment, while irreversible pulpitis requires root canal treatment or tooth removal. Hyperdontia is having excess teeth, microdontia are abnormally small teeth, and macrodontia are abnormally large teeth.
This document describes the clinical features of gingivitis. It discusses the etiology being microbial plaque and host response. The clinical signs are redness, sponginess, bleeding on provocation, and changes in contour. Gingivitis can be acute, chronic, or recurrent based on duration and course. Localized or generalized classifications are based on extent of involvement. Common findings include bleeding on probing, color changes from red to pale, changes in consistency and texture. Systemic factors like medications, hormones, and diseases can also influence gingival manifestations.
This document summarizes the clinical features and progression of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. It begins by describing gingivitis, including its acute, chronic, and localized vs generalized forms. It then discusses how inflammation can extend from the gingiva into the supporting periodontal tissues, characterizing chronic periodontitis by microbial plaque, inflammation, attachment and bone loss over time. Key signs include pocket formation and bleeding on probing.
Common Endocrine diseases with some dental aspectsMustafa Alkotobe
This document discusses common endocrine diseases and their oral manifestations. It covers diabetes mellitus and its effects like xerostomia and increased infections. It also discusses hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Other endocrine glands covered include the thyroid gland and diseases like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The parathyroid gland and conditions such as hyperparathyroidism are also summarized. Finally, it briefly discusses the adrenal cortex and hypofunction. Throughout, it provides details on symptoms, risks, and considerations for dental treatment for patients with these endocrine conditions.
1. Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear.
2. The exact cause is unknown but may involve an obstruction of the endolymphatic duct resulting in a buildup of fluid in the inner ear.
3. Treatment focuses on controlling vertigo attacks, minimizing hearing loss, and in severe cases, surgery to relieve fluid buildup such as a shunt or labyrinthectomy.
This document discusses investigations into tooth discoloration. It defines tooth discoloration and outlines several laboratory studies and radiographic examinations that can be used to identify potential causes. Laboratory tests may include renal ultrasound scans, urine tests, and complete blood counts. Radiographic imaging like intraoral and panoramic x-rays can reveal defects in tooth structure and alveolar bone. Specific conditions like amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and dentinal dysplasias each have distinguishing radiographic features. Histologic examination provides additional information but is not usually needed for daily clinical practice. References are provided for further reading.
Oral pathology deals with diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. It involves research, diagnosis, and patient management. Diseases are classified based on the affected tissue, such as hard tissues like teeth and bones, or soft tissues. Diagnosis depends on clinical features, radiographic or microscopic examination of biopsied tissues. Common diagnostic tools include exfoliative cytology, vital dyes, and biopsy of lesions. Biopsied tissues undergo fixation, processing, sectioning and staining for microscopic examination by a pathologist.
DIAGNOSIS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES FROM ORAL SIGNS / dental implant courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Rachmat Gunadi Wachjudi is a doctor born in Garut, Indonesia in 1955. He received his medical degree from FK UNSRI Palembang and completed internships and specializations in internal medicine and rheumatology. He currently works in the Rheumatology Division at Rumah Sakit dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung. He is a member of several medical organizations related to internal medicine and rheumatology.
This slide will help you to understand how the computer guided surgery is helpful for fixed denture. It explains implant supported fix denture in detail.
Systemic Diseases Manifested in the Jawsvahid199212
Systemic Diseases Manifestation the Jaws based on chapter25
Oral Radiology
P R I N C I P L E S
a n d I N T E R P R E T A T I O N Sixth Edition
White and pharoah
This document discusses several systemic diseases that can manifest in the jaws and affect bone metabolism. It begins by introducing bone structure and cells involved in bone remodeling. It then discusses various endocrine disorders like hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, hyperpituitarism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and Cushing's syndrome. Other conditions covered include metabolic bone diseases like osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia; and diseases like diabetes mellitus. For each condition, clinical features, radiographic findings in the jaws, and distinguishing characteristics are summarized. The document provides an overview of how systemic diseases can impact jaw bone formation and resorption.
Histiocytosis X refers to a group of syndromes involving abnormal proliferation of histiocytes, a type of immune cell. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a specific disease within this group characterized by abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells in tissues. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis primarily affects young adult smokers and presents with nonspecific symptoms like cough, breathlessness, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest imaging showing characteristic nodules and cysts as well as pathology identification of Langerhans cells. Treatment involves smoking cessation and corticosteroids or chemotherapy for severe disease.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs. Common symptoms include fatigue, fever, arthritis, mouth ulcers, and a butterfly-shaped rash on the face. SLE is diagnosed based on 11 criteria including specific rashes, joint pain, organ inflammation, and blood abnormalities. While there is no cure for SLE, treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and protecting organs using medications like NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and hydroxychloroquine. The goal is to relieve symptoms and decrease disease activity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses immunity and autoimmunity. It begins by defining autoimmunity as the loss of tolerance to self, resulting in the production of antibodies or lymphocytes that react with self components. The key criteria for classifying a disease as autoimmune are also outlined. Several potential mechanisms for autoimmunity are then examined, including sequestered antigens, cross-reactive antigens, altered self antigens, loss of immunoregulation, and genetic factors. Finally, some examples of specific autoimmune diseases are briefly described.
Lecture xiii ju-oral pathology-lecture xiii-perio5lalola
This document discusses non-plaque induced gingival lesions. It covers 7 categories: 1) diseases of specific bacterial origin like streptococcal infections and syphilis. 2) Viral diseases like herpes and HPV. 3) Fungal infections like candidiasis. 4) Genetic conditions like gingival fibromatosis. 5) Systemic conditions that manifest in the gingiva, such as lichen planus, pemphigoid, and pemphigus vulgaris. 6) Traumatic lesions caused by chemicals, physical factors, or thermal injury. 7) Other conditions including vascular and epithelial neoplasms and granulomatous diseases. Numerous visual examples are provided to illustrate the
Infections of oral & para-oral tissuesMona Shehata
This document discusses various infectious agents that can infect oral and para-oral tissues. It begins by classifying infectious agents into metazoa, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and prions. For each category, examples of important infectious diseases are provided along with brief descriptions. Specific oral infections caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses are then discussed in more detail, including acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, Vincent's angina, pericoronitis, diphtheria, and anthrax. Clinical features and treatment for many of these infections are summarized.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues. It most commonly affects women aged 15-40. The exact causes are unknown but genetics, viruses, sunlight, and some drugs may play a role. Symptoms vary but can include rashes, joint pain, fatigue, and organ inflammation. Diagnosis involves blood tests and potentially biopsies. Treatment focuses on rest, sun protection, medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants to control disease activity and prevent organ damage. Nursing care aims to manage symptoms, prevent infections, and educate patients.
This document discusses the use of CBCT imaging in dental implant treatment planning and assessment. It provides details on how CBCT can be used to evaluate bone quantity and quality, anatomical structures, ridge morphology, and is recommended for pre-operative planning of sinus lift procedures. CBCT allows accurate measurements and 3D visualization to determine suitable implant size, position, and angulation without superimposition. This helps optimize implant placement and outcomes.
This document discusses systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an inflammatory disease that results in multisystem involvement with a varied clinical presentation. SLE is more common in women and African Americans. Genetic and environmental factors may predispose individuals to SLE. The disease is characterized by autoantibody production, immune complex formation, and tissue damage. Certain drugs can also cause a lupus-like condition. The document outlines diagnostic criteria for SLE, treatments including corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, and issues regarding prognosis and management of the disease.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Sle pathophysiology and managementsamirelansary
This document provides an overview and update on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It discusses the definition and classification criteria for SLE, including revisions to the criteria. Genetic factors contributing to SLE susceptibility are described. Increased levels of interferon alpha are implicated in the disease pathogenesis. Clinical manifestations and leading causes of mortality in SLE patients are summarized. Current therapeutic approaches for SLE, including hydroxychloroquine, belimumab, and targeted therapies in development are outlined.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing inflammation and damage. It is characterized by periods of disease flares and remission. Common symptoms include joint pain, rashes, and fatigue. SLE can affect many organs like the skin, lungs, heart, and kidneys. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, lab tests like antinuclear antibodies, and sometimes biopsies. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms during flares and prevent organ damage using medications like corticosteroids, antimalarials, and immunosuppressants. SLE affects mostly women of childbearing age and has no known cure.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various organs in the body. It is more common in women, especially of childbearing age, and in African Americans. The disease is characterized by autoantibody production and tissue damage caused by immune complexes. Diagnosis is based on meeting criteria from the SLICC classification system, which improved upon previous criteria. Organ manifestations include renal, neurological, cardiac, pulmonary, hematological and cutaneous involvement. Management aims to suppress symptoms and prevent organ damage through medications like glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants and biologics. The goal is complete remission though sustained remission is rare
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Oral manifestation of bleeding disorders and dental management of the same
also for more
https://youtu.be/aaJ6gpQohcs
https://youtu.be/REMKSUty0cE
https://youtu.be/fv3_tWZPJIU
https://youtu.be/GeZIbCwqKYU
if you want me to make ppt on some topic do let me know on the comment section of my youtube channel
This document discusses the oral manifestations of various systemic diseases. It covers gastrointestinal diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis which can present with apthous ulcers, cobblestoning of the mucosa, and angular cheilitis. Hematologic diseases like anemia and leukemia may cause glossitis, oral pain, petechiae, and gingival hypertrophy. Connective tissue diseases like Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, and lupus erythematosus can result in xerostomia, ulcerations, and lichen planus lesions. Pulmonary diseases cystic fibrosis and sarcoidosis may present with dryness, nodular lesions, and x
Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is caused by decreased saliva production and affects many older adults. Saliva is important for maintaining oral health as it lubricates and cleanses the mouth, prevents infection, and aides in swallowing and digestion. In the elderly, reduced saliva flow can be caused by various medical conditions and medications which leads to increased risk of oral diseases. Proper diagnosis and management of the underlying causes of xerostomia in older patients is important for improving symptoms and quality of life.
This seminar consists of a brief description about various systemic diseases along with their oral manifestations and treatments along with the special considerations to be followed
An acute gingival lesion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document discusses salivary gland disorders and xerostomia (dry mouth). It classifies salivary gland disorders and describes the functions of saliva. Xerostomia is defined as a dry mouth due to reduced saliva production. Causes of xerostomia include temporary causes like psychological stress, duct stones, and drug use, as well as permanent causes like radiation therapy, developmental abnormalities, and systemic diseases. Clinical features of xerostomia include a dry mouth, difficulty speaking and swallowing, and increased risk of oral infections. Management involves preventive care like fluoride therapy, symptomatic relief using saliva substitutes, and treating any underlying systemic disorders.
Candidal infections are common fungal infections of the oral cavity caused by Candida species, most commonly C. albicans. Predisposing factors include antibiotics, corticosteroids, diabetes, dentures and poor immune function. Oral candidiasis presents as pseudomembranous (white patches), erythematous (red patches) or hyperplastic (thick white patches) lesions. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of lesions and cultures. Topical antifungals like nystatin or systemic antifungals like fluconazole are used to treat oral candidiasis.
oral manifestations of diabetus mallites in complete denture wearers/ cosmeti...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This presentation summarizes several common oral diseases and conditions:
- Candiasis (oral thrush) is a fungal infection caused by Candida that often affects infants and immunosuppressed individuals. It causes white lesions in the mouth. Treatment includes antifungal medication or mouthwashes.
- Herpes simplex gingivostomatitis is a viral infection causing painful mouth ulcers and lip blisters. It is usually self-limiting and treated with antiviral drugs.
- Recurrent aphthous ulcers are small, painful ulcers that recur inside the mouth. The cause is unknown but treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation.
- Ankyloglossia (tong
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses the oral manifestations of various systemic diseases. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, which include endocrine disorders, blood disorders, immunodeficiency, oral cancer therapy effects, drug effects on the oral cavity, and oral manifestations of systemic diseases. It then states that the oral cavity can reflect internal body secrets and diseases through certain manifestations. The document proceeds to discuss specific diseases in more detail, including cardiovascular diseases and their oral effects such as periodontal disease, lichenoid stomatitis, xerostomia, gingival hyperplasia, and hemorrhagic complications. It also covers diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, parathyroid disorders, Addison's disease, HIV infection
diabetus mellitus in complete denture wearers/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses oral manifestations of systemic diseases in older patients. It provides background on oral structures and functions. It then examines relationships between oral symptoms and conditions like drug reactions, fungal/viral infections, leukemia, Behcet's disease, Sjogren's syndrome, diabetes mellitus, nutritional deficiencies, and amyloidosis. For each condition, it describes common oral presentations and recommendations for treatment and differential diagnosis. The document concludes that the mouth can provide insights into a patient's immune function and that differential diagnosis is important.
PROSTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTSDr ARATI HOSKHANDE
Prosthetic considerations in medically compromised patients require careful assessment and management. For patients with cardiovascular diseases like angina or myocardial infarction, stress should be minimized and medications adjusted. Diabetic patients need monitoring of blood glucose levels. Those with bleeding disorders require local hemostatic measures. Patients on anticonvulsants may develop gingival hyperplasia requiring prophylaxis. Prosthetic treatment for patients with conditions like osteoporosis aims to preserve underlying tissues. Overall, consultation with physicians is important for safe dental treatment of medically compromised patients.
Salivary glands 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MANAGEMENT OF MEDICALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS IN ORTHODONTICSJasmine Arneja
precise knowledge of management of medically compromised patients in any dental practice is a must, to avoid any unforeseen complication. this presentation deals with the commonly encountered medical situations and their management.
Similar to Systemic diseases/ dental implant courses (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
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6. subtitles in your own language
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For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
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--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
5. IRON – DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA :
ETIOLOGY:
• Chronic blood loss
• Improper iron absorption
• Inadequate dietary intake
• Increased requirement – pregnancy
CLINICAL FEATURES :
• Pallor
• Lassitude , fatigue
• Headache , Insomnia
• Palpitations
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
• Cracks or fissures at the corners of the mouth
• Atrophic tongue www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. PLUMMER – VINSON SYNDROME
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Koilonychia
• Esophageal strictures or webs
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Deficiency of vitamin B12
CLINICAL FEATURES :
• Pallor
• Fatigue
• Headache , dizziness
• Nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite , loss of weight
• Shortness of breath
• Paresthesia
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
• Glossitis , glossodynia , glossopyrosis ( beefy red tongue)
• Stomatitis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. APLASTIC ANEMIA
Lack of bone marrow activity
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Anemia, leukemia, thrombocytopenia
Dyspnea on slight exertion
Numbness & tingling of extremities
Decreased resistance to infection
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Petechiae
Spontaneous gingival bleeding
Ulcers – oral mucosa & pharynx
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. THALASSEMIA
Diminished synthesis of α- or β- chain
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Pallor
Fever , chills
Generalised weakness
Hepatosplenomegaly
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Mongoloid face
Flaring or protrusion of max. anteriors
Oral mucosa - pale
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Defective hemoglobin formation
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Weakness , fatigue
Shortness of breath
Pain in joints , limbs ,abdomen
Nausea , vomiting
Systolic murmur & cardiomegaly
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Pallor
Generalised osteoporosis
Loss of trabeculation of jaw bones
Delayed eruption of teeth
Enamel hypoplasia www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. MANAGEMENT :
Recognition of the type of anemia
Diagnosis & treatment of underlying cause
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Low risk patients (hematocit > 30%) - Normal dental protocol
High risk patients (hematocrit < 30%) -
• History
• Physician’s consultation
• Defer elective dental care until clinical status normalized
• Stress reduction – shorter appointment
• GA contraindicated
• Hospitalization – advanced surgical procedures
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. POLYCYTHEMIA
TYPES:
1. Primary
2. Secondary
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Headache, dizziness
Weakness, lassitude
Tinnitus
Mental confusion
Slurring of the speech
Digits may be cyanotic
Splenomegaly
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Oral mucous membrane deep purplish red
Commonly affected - gingiva and tongue
Gingiva swollen and bleeds on slight provocation
Submucosal petechiae, ecchymosis, hematoma
Varicosities on the ventral surface of the tongue
MANAGEMENT :
Phenylhydrazine , Radioactive ‘P’
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Complete blood count prior to treatment
Special attention to local hemostasis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. LEUKEMIA
Buccal mucosa mucositis with
ulceration secondary to
chemotherapy.
Acute leukemias = usually in children younger than 5 years and most often
before 25 months of age
Chronic leukemias = occurs in 5th
– 7th
decade, is rare before 25 yrs
CLINCAL FEATURES:
Lymphadenopathy
Anemia
Petechiae, ecchymosis
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Oral manifestations are not observed in edentulous patients and
very young patients
Leukemic cells infiltrate the gingiva particularly if gingivitis or
periodontitis is present.
Gingival hyperplasia
MANAGEMENT :
Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Low risk patients (successful therapy, no malignancy evident)
- Normal dental procedures
Moderate risk pts. (remission & receiving chemotherapy)
• Physician’s consultation
• Treatment around chemotherapy or WBC >3500 cells/mm³ or
platelets >1,00,000/mm³
• Antibiotic prophylaxis
High risk pts. (active leukemia)
• Control of infection – hospitalization
I.V. broad spectrum antibiotics
• Control of bleeding – local hemostatics
platelets
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. MULTIPLE MYELOMA
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Age = 40 – 70 years
Male predilection
Pain – early feature
Bone destruction pathologic fractures
Occasionally swelling over the area of bone involvement
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Mandible commonly affected
Pain, swelling, expansion of the jaw, numbness,
mobility of the teeth
LAB FEATURES:
Bence – Jones protein www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. HEMOPHILIA
TYPES:
1. Hemophilia A factor VIII deficiency
2. Hemophilia B factor IX deficiency
3. Hemophilia C factor XI deficiency
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Persistent bleeding – either spontaneous or following slight trauma
Hemorrhage in subcutaneous tissues, internal organs and joints
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Gingival bleeding
Subperiosteal bleeding with reactive new bone formation Mandibular
Pseudo-tumor
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. BLEEDING DISORDERS
1. Thrombocytopenia – Idiopathic
Secondary
2. Von Willebrand’s disease – abnormal factor VIII
CLINICAL FEATURES :
• Excessive bleeding spontaneously or following trauma
• Epistaxis
• Bleeding into GIT , skin
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
• Profuse gingival bleeding
• Petchiae on oral mucosa
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. MANAGEMENT :
Depends on nature of hemostatic defect & its cause
1. Fresh frozen plasma
2. Cryoprecipitate
3. Amino caproic acid
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
1. History
2. Physician’s consultation
3. BT, CT checked prior to treatment
4. Local hemostatic measures
5. Avoid aspirin www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. LYMPHOMAS
Malignancy of lymphoreticular origin that involves the lymph nodes
HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA :
Thomas Hodgkin (1832)
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Younger adults
Unilateral painless swelling of the neck
Lymphadenopathy (well-defined , rubbery in consistency)
Mediastinal nodes – cough or breathlessness
Elderly pts. – night sweat , Pel-Ebstein fever ,weight loss
Secondarily involve mandible & overlying alveolar mucosa
MANAGEMENT :
History & physical examination
Biopsy of lymph nodes
Chemotherapy (vincristine , bleomycin , doxorubicin , decarbazine)
Radiotherapy (3500 – 4500 cGy)www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. NON HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA :
Mononuclear proliferation of lymphoid cells
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Older age group
Lymphadenopathy
Weight loss , night sweat , fever , pruritis
Hepatoslenomegaly
Extra nodal involvement – GIT , bone marrow , kidney
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Swelling grow rapidly & later ulcerate
Sometimes large , fungating , necrotic foul smelling masses
Jaw involvement – tooth mobility & pain
Paresthesia of mental nerve
MANAGEMENT :
Radiotherapy , chemotherapy (Vincristine , Prednisone , cyclophosphamide)
Autologous stem cell transplantation – relapsed caseswww.indiandentalacademy.com
26. TYPES:
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
CLINICAL FEATURES:
1. Age = 30 – 60 years
2. Female predilection
3. Bone pain, Joint stiffness, Pathological fractures
4. Generalized osteoporosis, Pseudocyst formationwww.indiandentalacademy.com
27. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
• Giant cell tumor or a “cyst” of the jaw
• Mobility, sudden drifting and loss of teeth
RADIOLOGIC FEATURES:
1. Demineralization of the skeleton
2. Osteitis fibrosa generalisata
3. Brown’s tumor
4. Pathologic calcifications
5. Loss of lamina dura
TREATMENT:
Excision of the parathyroid tumor.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. HYPERTHYROIDISM
• Excess circulating thyroid hormone
• Increased BMR
• Serum protein bound iodine concentration is increased
CLINICAL FEATURES :
• Facial expression of surprise with
wide-eyed staring (exophthalmos)
• Patients are nervous and
highly emotional
• Increased sensitivity to epinephrine
and usually hypertensive
• Weight loss, intolerance to heatwww.indiandentalacademy.com
30. • Pretibial edema
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
• Early shedding of deciduous teeth
• Early eruption of permanent teeth
• Adults may show generalized decrease in bone density
• Loss of alveolar bone in edentulous areaswww.indiandentalacademy.com
31. MANAGEMENT :
• Anti thyoid drugs – Propyluracil
• β blockers – Propranolol
• Radioactive Iodine
• Surgery
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
• Proper history
• Physician’s consultation
• Defer treatment until thyroid function tests are normal
• Minimize stress
• Minimize use of epinephrine
• Anti thyroid drugs before treatment
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. HYPOTHYROIDISM
Congenital cretinism
Adults or children Myxedema
CRETINISM :
Retarded mental and physical development
Generalized edema
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Base of skull shortened, retraction of bridge of the nose with flaring
Mandible underdeveloped, maxilla overdeveloped
Atrophic salivary glands
Enlarged tongue malocclusion
Delayed shedding of deciduous teeth
Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. MYXEDEMA
Patient is lethargic
Intolerance to cold, weight gain
Sparse hair
Skin is doughy to touch
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Dull expressionless face
Periorbital edema
Enlarged tongue - separation of teeth
Periodontal diseases - loss of teeth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. MANAGEMENT :
Thyroxine
Avoid drugs like Lithium ,Amiodarone
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
History
Physician’s consultation
Defer treatment till thyroid function tests are normal
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
• Defer treatment till metabolic status is stabilized
• Physician’s consultation & adjustment of insulin dose
• Pt should take normal diet & anti diabetic drugs before any
procedure
• Minimize stress – short , early morning appointments
adjunctive sedation technique
• Lengthy procedures – appointment interrupted with a snack
• Minimize risk of infection – recall oral prophylaxis
antibiotic prophylaxis
treat acute infections aggressively
PROTHODONTIC CONSIDERATIONS :
• Mucostatic impression technique
• Balanced occlusion
• Use of tissue conditioners
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. HISTIOCYTOSIS X
CONSISTS OF –
1. Hand – Schuller – Christian disease
2. Letterer – Siwe disease
3. Eosinophilic granuloma
Histiocytosis showing multiple radiolucencies of the mandible.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA
• Most Common, occurs in young adults
• Bone lesions flat bones (posterior jaw)
• Oral ulcerations may develop on the gingiva, palate, and floor of
the mouth
• Lesions are destructive & well demarcated
• Radiologic findings demonstrate progressive alveolar bone loss
with dental extrusion and characteristic floating teeth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. HAND-SCHULLER-CHRISTIAN DISEASE
Characterized by widespread skeletal and extraskeletal lesions and a
chronic clinical course
Male predilection
Age – < 5yrs, also seen in adolescents and young adults
Classic triad –
Single/multiple areas of punched-out
bone destruction in the skull
Uni-/bi-lateral exopthalmos Diabetes insipidus
Other manifestations – polyuria, dwarfism or infantilism
Facial asymmetry, otitis media
Skin may exhibit papular/nodular lesions
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Sore mouth with/without ulcerative lesions
Halitosis, gingivitis and suppuration
Unpleasant taste
Loose and sore teeth with precocious exfoliation of teeth
Failure of healing of tooth sockets after extraction
Loss of supporting alveolar bone mimicking advanced
periodontal disease is characteristic
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. LETTERER-SIWE DISEASE
Common in infants, <2years
• Characterized by widespread involvement of the viscera,
potentially leading to death
• Skin lesions : -papules, plaques, vesicles, and
hemorrhagic nodules
• Oral symptoms: -large ulcerations, ecchymoses, gingivitis,
periodontitis, & subsequent tooth loss
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45. VITAMIN A :
Deficiency : xerophthalmia ,night blindness, corneal
ulcers, bitot’s spots, follicular hyperkeratosis of
epithelium
Oral manifestations : hyperkeratosis of oral epithelium
metaplasia of salivary gland epithelium, change in
tooth bud affecting the crown
VITAMIN K :
Synthesis of clotting factors
Deficiency : prolonged clotting & bleeding
Oral manifestations : petechiae ,ecchymosis
Management : bleeding time & clotting time determined
avoid aspirin & NSAIDs
keratomalacia
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46. VITAMIN D :
Rickets Osteomalacia
CLINICAL FEATURES
Change in epiphysis & metaphysis of bones
Poor mineralization of bone
Growth retardation
Bow legs
Rachitic rosary – prominence of costochondral junction
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Change in development of enamel & dentin (enamel hypoplasia ,
inc. interglobular dentin)
Delayed eruption
Malaligned teeth
High caries index
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47. OSTEOMALACIA
Clinical features :
Softening & distortion of the skeleton
Increased tendency to fracture
Oral manifestations :
Taylor & Day – inc. incidence of periodontitis
Management :
Dietary supplementation
Hormonal therapy
Fluoride administration
Osteomalacia secondary to malabsorption – reduce dietary fat intake
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48. THIAMINE :
Deficiency – beri -beri
Dry beri-beri : chronic peripheral neuropathy with wrist &/or foot drop
Wet beri-beri :generalised edema due to ventricular heart failure with
pulmonary congestion
NIACIN :
Pellagra ( dermatitis ,diarrhea ,dementia )
PYRIDOXINE :
Mental confusion ,depression
FOLIC ACID :
Macrocytic anemia
VITAMIN B12 :
Megaloblastic anemia
Peripheral neuropathy ,demyleination of nerves
Dementia , Optic atrophy
Beri - beri
pellagra
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50. Nutrient Oral Deficiency Signs
Biotin Geographic tongue; atrophy of lingual
papillae
Riboflavin Soreness and intraoral burning; cheilosis;
angular stomatitis: glossitis with a magenta
tongue
Niacin Intraoral burning; glossitis; tongue
swollen, with red tip and sides; swollen,
red fungiform papillae; filiform papillae
become inflamed and loose their epithelial
tufts (giving the characteristic slick red
appearance)
Pyridoxine Intraoral burning; glossitis; mucosal
ulcerations and erosions; cheilosis
Folic acid Gingivitis; glossitis with atrophy or
hypertrophy of filiform papillae; cheilosis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. Nutrient Oral Deficiency Signs
Vitamin B12 Intraoral burning; mucosal ulcerations
and erosions; painful glossitis with a beefy red or fiery
appearance eventually resulting in and atrophic (smooth
and shiny) tongue
Vitamin C Scorbutic gingivitis (sore and bleeding gums); gums
deep blue-red color; loose teeth; follicular
hyperkeratosis
Iron Cheilosis; atrophic glossitis; gingivitis;
candidiasis; intraoral burning or pain; mucosal
ulcerations and erosions; pallor
Zinc Marked halitosis; cheilosis; stomatitis;
discrete red, scaly plaques from short
lived vesicles; white coating on tongue
and mucosa
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54. TUBERCULOSIS
Caused by mycobacterium tuberculi.
Clinical features :
- chronic cough with hemoptysis.
- evening rise in temperature.
- weight loss.
- dysphagia
- malaise
- lymphadenitis
Oral manifestations :
- lesions involve gingiva , vestibular mucosa
- tongue , palate , floor of the mouth may be affected.
- lesions consist of ulcers , fissures or swelling .
- ulcers (solitary or multiple) occasionally painful involve dorsum of the
tongue
- tuberculous osteomyelitis seen in craniofacial skeleton
- intraglandular & perigandular lymph node infection
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. MANAGEMENT :
Antitubercular drugs
1st
line drugs - rifampicin , isoniazid , ethambutol , streptomycin , pyrazinamide
2nd
line drugs – clarithromycin , ciprofloxacin , para-aminosalicylic acid
Short therapy :
Rifampicin , isoniazid , pyrazinamide , ethambutol or streptomycin – 2 months
Rifampicin , isoniazid – 4 months
Long therapy ( 9 – 12 months ) :
Meningeal disease
HIV coinfection
2nd
line – drug intolerance
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56. DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Patients with active TB :
emergency dental treatment only.
gowning , double gloves , face masks, aseptic technique.
Patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of TB :
physicians consultation
emergency dental treatment
personal protection & aseptic technique
Patients with history of TB :
history of treatment & follow up
physician consultation if adequacy of treatment or follow up evaluation
is questionable
routine dental treatment
Patient with positive tuberculin test with no history of TB & no signs / symptoms of
active disease :
history
physician consultation
routine dental treatment
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57. ASTHMA
Disorder characterized by chronic airway inflammation and increased
airway responsiveness
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Wheeze
Chest tightness
Cough
Dyspnea
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Infections like candidiasis
Leukoplakia
MANAGEMENT :
Avoid precipitating factors
Corticosteroids
Acute cases – oxygen followed by high dose corticosteroidswww.indiandentalacademy.com
58. DENTAL MANAGENT :
Minimization of stress
Sedation technique
Avoid aspirin
Minimize use of epinephrine
Antibiotic prophylaxis – soft tissue manipulation
Severe asthma – elective dental procedures
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61. BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
• Bacterial infection of the endocardial surfaces & certain arteries
• Susceptibility: -
– Congenital / rheumatic heart disease
– Congenital anatomic heart defect
– Cardiac surgery
• Types of endocarditis: -
– Acute bacterial endocarditis:
• Explosive infection chr by high fever & prostration
• Prognosis is grave
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Death – infection toxicity / cardiac failure
– Subacute bacterial endocarditis: -
• More insidious & prostrating
• Pyrexia, malaise, anorexia, wt loss, arthralgia
• Petechiae on oral mucous membrane, conjunctivae & skin of the wrist &
ankles
• Streptococcus viridans
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62. • Treatment:
– IV antibiotics
– Prevention of Septicemia
Dental Management
– Co-ordinated with medical management
– A thorough pt. background data
– Consultation with pt’s physician
– Definite Dental Treatment Plan
– Sedation premedication
– Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis
– Anesthesia
Sedation premedication:
Reducing apprehension / anxiety
Caution – respiratory depressants
Dental procedure – short, atraumatic & pleasant
Anesthesia:
N2O & O2( O2 > 25%)
LA (adr) www.indiandentalacademy.com
63. Standard general
prophylaxis
Amoxicillin Adults: 2 g
Children: 50 mg per kg
Taken orally one hour before the procedure
Patient is unable to
take oral
medications
Ampicillin Adults: 2 g
Children: 50 mg per kg
IM or IV 30 minutes before the procedure
Patient is allergic
to penicillin
Clindamycin
or
Adults: 600 mg
Children: 20 mg per kg
Taken orally one hour before the procedure
Cefadroxil or
cephalexin or
Adults: 2 g
Children: 50 mg per kg
Taken orally one hour before the procedure
Azithromycin or
clarithromycin
Adults: 500 mg
Children: 15 mg per kg
Taken orally one hour before the procedure
Patient is allergic
to penicillin &
unable to take oral
medication
Clindamycin
or
Cefazolin
Adults: 600 mg
Children: 20 mg per kg
IV 30 min before procedure
Adults: 1 g
Children: 25 mg per kg
IM or IV 30 min before the procedure
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64. HYPERTENSION
Abnormal elevation of resting arterial systolic blood pressure above 140
mm Hg and/or elevation of diastolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg
Types :
Primary Secondary
Normal BP - 120/80 mm Hg
Controlled – upto 140/90mm Hg
Mild hypertension - 140/90 – 160/105 mm Hg
Moderate hypertension – 160/105 – 170/115
Severe hypertension – 170 /115 – 190/125
Target organ damage :
Blood vessels : structural changes ,ateriosclerosis
CNS : stroke ,encephalopathy
Retina : retinopathy
Heart : coronary artery diseases
Kidney : proteinuria , renal failure
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65. MANAGEMENT :
Non drug therapy – correcting obesity , reducing alcohol intake
restricting salt intake , regular physical exercise
Drugs – diuretics
β blockers , α blockers , α & β blockers
calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
angiotensin receptor antagonist
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
History
Physician’s consultation
Examine BP before any procedure
Minimize stress - early morning appointment
Patient should have taken regular dose of drug
GA avoided
Gingival retraction cords containing epinephrine avoided
Mild hypertension – normal protocol
Moderate - normal protocol +sedation
Severe - defer treatment till medical mgmt instituted
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66. ANGINA PECTORIS
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Chest pain
Discomfort
Dyspnea on exertion
MANAGEMENT :
Identification & control of risk factors
Careful assessment of the extent & severity of the disease
Sublingual Nitroglycerine – 0.3mg
‘Ca’ channel blockers – moderate or severe angina
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Mild Angina – normal protocol
Moderate Angina – Physician’s consultation
normal protocol
prophylactic nitroglycerine & sedation technique
Severe Angina – treatment under hospitalizationwww.indiandentalacademy.com
67. MYOCARDIAL INFECTION
Irreversible myocardial damage as a result of prolonged ischemic injury
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Severe chest pain
Dyspnea
Palpitations
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Oliguria
MANAGEMENT :
History
Immediate measures – high flow oxygen
IV analgesics
ECG monitoring
Defibrillation
Aspirin (75 – 300 mg)
Thrombolytic therapy www.indiandentalacademy.com
68. DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
< 6 months post MI – defer the treatment
6 months - 1 yr – normal protocol
physician’s consultation
hospitalization recommended
minimization of stress
adjunctive sedation therapy
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70. HEPATITIS
TYPES :
Hepatitis A – faeco-oral
Hepatitis B – saliva , parenteral , sexual contact
Hepatitis C – saliva , parenteral
Hepatitis D – parenteral , sexual contact
Hepatitis E – faeces
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Prodromal symptoms – malaise , headache
Jaundice
Anorexia , nausea , vomiting , diarrhea
Abdominal pain , liver tenderness
Lymphadenopathy , splenomegalywww.indiandentalacademy.com
71. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Yellowish discoloration of oral mucosa
Petechiae , ecchymosis
MANAGEMENT :
Nutritious diet
Avoid drugs
Avoid surgical procedures
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Proper history
Liver function tests, BT,CT
Low risk pts. (Normal LFT , no surface antigens)
Normal dental protocol
Use gloves , mouth masks ,eye wear
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72. High risk pts. (abnormal LFT, surface antigen present)
Physician’s consultation
Appointments at the end of the day
Defer elective procedures
Avoid contacting blood & oral secretions
Strict sterilization procedures
Double gloving , masks & eye wear
Draping all exposed dental equipments
Wipe all surfaces with disinfectants
Minimal use of aerosols
Disposable items
Immunoglobulin if needle stick injury
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73. CIRRHOSIS
Loss of liver cells & progressive scarring as a result of injury
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Jaundice , ascites
Spider telengectasia , bleeding
Esophageal varices
Splenomegaly
Digital clubbing
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Bleeding gums
Petechiae , ecchymosiswww.indiandentalacademy.com
74. MANAGEMENT :
Treatment of etiologic factor
Low protein diet
Limited salt & fluid intake
Diuretics
Platelets & fresh frozen plasma
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Physician’s consultation
Restrict procedures causing bleeding
Avoid aspirin & NSAIDs
Non surgical procedures – normal protocol with attention to
hemostasis
Surgical procedures : hospitalization , platelet transfusionwww.indiandentalacademy.com
75. CROHN’S DISEASE
Granulomatous inflammation of the intestine of unknown etiology
ETIOLOGY:
Genetics, infective agents, smoking, immunological
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Pain, Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhea
Steatorrhea and malabsorption of nutrients
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Pyostomatitis vegetans - broad based papillary projections, tiny abscesses or
vegetations developing in the area of intense erythema
Tiny pustule ulceration coalesce necrosis
Buccal mucosa ‘cobblestone’ appearance
Glossitis , angular chelitis www.indiandentalacademy.com
81. SJOGREN’S SYNDROME
TYPES :
1. Primary
2. Secondary
CLINICAL FEATURES :
1. Age = Above 40 yrs
2. Female predilection
3. Xerostomia
4. Dryness of the eyes
5. Enlarged salivary glands
6. Lymphadenopathy
7. Secondary – rheumatoid arthritis
Characteristic fissuring of
tongue and loss of papillae as
seen in xerostomia.
Sialogram
Parotid-Sjogren's
syndrome
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83. LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Exists in two forms –
1. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
2. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
ETIOLOGY:
1. Genetic predisposition and immunologic abnormality
2. Mediated by a viral infection
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Marked predilection for females
Age = 30yrs (females) / 40yrs (males) / also reported in children
Generalized manifestations involvement of multiple organs
www.indiandentalacademy.com
84. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS :
Erythematous patches on the face coalesce to form symmetrical
pattern over the cheeks & across the bridge of the nose – butterfly
distribution
Kidney ‘wire loops’ (glomerular capillaries) renal insufficiency
Heart atypical endocarditis, fibrinoid degeneration
www.indiandentalacademy.com
85. DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS –
• Common sites – face, oral mucous membrane, chest, back
and extremities
• Cutaneous lesions elevated red/purple macules
covered by gray/yellowish adherent scales forceful
removal reveals ‘carpet tack’ extensions dipped into enlarged
pilosebaceous canals
• Appearance - lesions red or pink (periphery) and atrophic &
scarred with characteristic central healing
www.indiandentalacademy.com
86. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Discoid form – oral lesions begin as erythematous areas, often depressed
without induration and typically with white spots
Margins of the lesion are not sharply demarcated
Central healing depressed scarring
Common site – buccal mucosa, palate, tongue,
vermillion border of the lips (especially lower lip)
Systemic form – lesions are similar to discoid form except that
hyperemia, edema and extensions of the lesions are sometimes more
pronounced.
Greater tendency for bleeding, petechiae and superficial ulceration
surrounded by a red halo.
Superimposed oral moniliasis and xerostomia have also been reported
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89. PAGET’S DISEASE
Occurs predominantly over 40 years of age
Chronic disease symptoms develop slowly
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Bone pain
Severe headache
Deafness
Blindness
Facial paralysis
Dizziness
Weakness
Involved bones become warm to touch because of increased vascularity.
Increased tendency for pathological fracture.www.indiandentalacademy.com
90. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Progressive enlargement of maxilla.
Alveolar ridge becomes widened and palate is flattened.
Teeth become loose and migrate.
Mouth may remain open exposing the teeth.
MANAGEMENT:
Bisphosphonates (reduce bone turnover rate )
Calcitonin www.indiandentalacademy.com
91. FIBROUS DYSPLASIA
Chronic disorder of the skeleton Causes expansion of one or more bones
due to abnormal development of the fibrous, or connective tissue within
the bone.
One bone may be affected (monostotic), or numerous bones affected
(polyostotic)
Most common sites femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), ribs, skull,
facial bones, humerous (upper arm), and pelvis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
92. CLINICAL FEATURES :
Deformity , thickening or bowing of long bones
Bone pain
Pathologic fractures
Skin lesions – café-au-lait spots
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Expansion & deformity of the jaw
Eruption pattern of teeth altered
MANAGEMENT :
Mild cases – surgical correction
Severe cases - radiation
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94. EPILEPSY
Types :
Grand mal
Petit mal
Simple partial
Complex partial
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Generalized seizures
Loss of consciousness
Abnormal motor activity may be seen
ORAL MANIFESTATION :
Gingival hyperplasia
www.indiandentalacademy.com
95. MANAGEMENT :
History & physical examination
Eliminate causative factors
Drugs – Phenytoin , Carbamazepine , Ethosuximide
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Pts with poor control – dental therapy contraindicated
NSAIDs preferred
Opoids – dose reduced
Gingival hyperplasia – recall oral prophylaxis
surgical correction
alternate anticonvulsant
Minimize aspiration – rubber dam & clamp with floss
fixed prosthesis
metal reinforced crowns preferredwww.indiandentalacademy.com
96. MANAGEMENT OF SEIZURES :
Place pt. in supine position
Gently restrain the patient
Maintain airway patency
Place towel or padded tongue depreesor
Remove sharp objects from patient’s vicinity
Recurrent seizures – medical assisstance
Diazepam i.v. slowly
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97. BELL’S PALSY
Etiology :
Ischemia of facial nerve near stylomastoid foramen
Trauma – VII n.
Surgery – parotid gland
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Unilateral paralysis of facial muscles
Mask like appearance
Drooping of corner of the mouth
Drooling of saliva
When pt. smiles, forehead does not wrinkle nor does the eyebrow raise
Difficulty in speech & eating
Altered taste sensation
TREATMENT :
No specific treatment
Vasodialators – histamine
Permanent paralysis – surgical anastomosis of nerveswww.indiandentalacademy.com
98. TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Etiology :
Circulatory insufficiency
Compression of Gasserian ganglion by carotid a. pulsations
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Unilateral (right side of the face)
Pain – sharp , lancinating or stabbing
Trigger zones – vermillion border of lip, alae of nose, cheek,
around the eyes
Attack lasts for few sec to min
TREATMENT :
LA – block the onset of pain
Carbamazepine , Phenytoin sodium
Injection of alcohol or boiling water – Gasserian ganglion
Surgical sectioning of the nervewww.indiandentalacademy.com
99. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Degenerative disease affecting the basal ganglia
Etiology :
Unknown , depletion of dopaminergic receptors
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Tremors
Rigidity of limbs
Bradykinesia
Slow mentation
Slow shuffling gait
ORAL MANIFESTATION :
Expressionless face
Difficulty in swallowing & mastication
Drooling of saliva
Labored speech www.indiandentalacademy.com
101. MYASTHENIS GRAVIS
Chronic disease characterised by weakness of skeletal muscles,
particularly those innervated by cranial nerves
Etiology :
Defect in the neuromuscular transmission of acetylcholine
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Middle aged women
Abnormal fatiguable weakness of muscles
Intermittent ptosis or diplopia
Loss of weight
Difficulty in mastication & deglutition
Speech slowed & slurred
Altered taste sensation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
102. TREATMENT :
Maximize the activity of Ach at the remaining receptors
Anticholinesterase – Physostigmine , Pyridostigmine (30 – 120 mg qid)
Corticosteroids
Thymectomy
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Endotracheal intubation to prevent respiratory crisis
Airway should be kept clear
Adequate suction & use of rubber dam
Avoid narcotics , tranquilizers
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104. First reported in USA in 1981
• Caused by HIV
• Modes of transmission
– Sexual contact
– Sharing of needles and syringes among IV drug users
– Mother to child (transplacental, perinatal, breast feeding)
– Blood transfusion
– Transplantation of infected organs
HIV infection is divided into –
• Group I – acute infection
• Group II – asymptomatic infection
• Group III – persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
• Group IV – ARC (AIDS related complex)
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEICIENCY SYNDROME
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105. Oral manifestation of HIV infection
• Group I – lesions strongly associated with HIV
– Candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, NUG, NUP, Kaposi’s sarcoma
• Group II – lesions less commonly associated with HIV
– Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, necrotizing stomatitis,
ulcerations, xerostomia, thrombocytopenic purpura, HSV, HPV,
Herpes zoster
• Group III – lesions seen in HIV
– Bacterial – actinomycosis, K. pneumoniae
– Fungal – cryptococcus, histoplasma
– Viral – cytomegalovirus
– Parasitic – pneumocystitis carnii
– Drug reactions – Lichenoid reactions, recurrent aphthous stomatitis
– Neoplasms – Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomawww.indiandentalacademy.com
106. MANAGEMENT :
Treatment of virus &prevention of opportunistic infections
Drugs –
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors – Zidovudine
Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors – Nevirapine
Protease inhibitors – Indinavir
DENTAL MANAGEMENT :
Physician’s consultation
Render only immediate treatment
Double gloving , mouth masks ,eye wear
Meticulous sterilization & disinfection of apparatus , impressions
Pts. with severe thrombocytopenia – platelet replacement before surgery
Prophylactic antibiotics
Treatment of opportunistic infections
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114. LICHEN PLANUS
Most common dermatologic disease
Types :
Bullous Atrophic
Erosive Hypertrophied
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Lesions bilaterally symmetrical
Severe pruritis
Skin lesions – small , angular , flat - topped papules (few mm in diameter)
Coalesce – large plaques covered by wickham’s striae
Arms , thighs , knee & trunk
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Lesions – white or gray velvety , thread like papules in a linear , annular ,
retiform arrangement
Buccal mucosa > lips > tongue
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115. PEMPHIGUS
Chronic skin disease characterised by vesicles , bullae , small or large fluid
filled blisters that develop in cycles
Etiology :
Unknown , Autoimmune
Types :
Pemphigus vulgaris , P. vegetans , P. foliaceous , P.erythematous
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Vesicles , bullae on the skin raw eroded areas
Nikolsky’s sign present
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Bullae rupture as soon as they are formed leaving raw eroded areas
Lesions covered with white or blood tinged exudate
Severe pain – difficulty in eating
Increased salivation seen www.indiandentalacademy.com
116. PEMPHIGOID
Vesiculo – bullous disease of unknowm etiology
Types :
Bullous Cicatricial
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Vesicles & bullae – conjunctiva , Nose , larynx , pharynx
Ocular lesions – conjunctivitis
palpebral & bulbar conjuctiva adhere – blindness
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Vesicles & bullae rupture to leave raw ,eroded areas
Gingiva most commonly affected
Gingiva – erythematous for months after healing
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118. ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
Insidious chronic disease affecting any part of the oral cavity & sometimes
pharynx , occasionally preceded by and/or associated with vesicle formation ,
associated with juxta – epithelial inflammatory reaction followed by
fibroelastic change of lamina propria ,with epithelial atrophy leading to
stiffness of oral mucosa and causing trismus & inability to eat
Etiology :
Betel nut chewing , nutritional deficiency
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Burning sensation of mouth particularly on eating spicy food
Vesicles , ulcers or recurrent stomatitis , with xerostomia or sialorrhea
Altered taste sensation
Stiffness of mucosa
Reduced mouth opening
Difficulty in swallowing & speech
Mucosa – blanched or opaque with fibrotic bands ; buccal mucosa , tongue ,lipswww.indiandentalacademy.com
119. TREATMENT :
Systemic or local corticosteroids
Hyaluronidase
Topical vitamin A
Oral iron prep.
Severe cases – surgical intervention
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