Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks the body’s cell and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage. SLE can affect any part of the body, but most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidney and nervous system.
Over 40 different genes predispose to SLE.
Characterized by remission and exacerbation.
SLE still an enigma where both patient and health care professionals are blind and do more harm than saving the patient. Hope in future anything can be done to save the patient from the grip of lupus,
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks the body’s cell and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage. SLE can affect any part of the body, but most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidney and nervous system.
Over 40 different genes predispose to SLE.
Characterized by remission and exacerbation.
SLE still an enigma where both patient and health care professionals are blind and do more harm than saving the patient. Hope in future anything can be done to save the patient from the grip of lupus,
This presentation encompasses SLE as well Lupus nephritis,Antiphospholipid Syndrome and other special situation related to SLE such as SLE and Pregnancy.
This presentation encompasses SLE as well Lupus nephritis,Antiphospholipid Syndrome and other special situation related to SLE such as SLE and Pregnancy.
Systemic Lupus erythematous , is world wide health problem
Here we talk about criteria for diagnosis investigation , Management and complication
With some scenarios to about disease and complication
Recent advances in diagnosis & management of SLEShadab Ahmad
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which organs and cells undergo damage mediated by tissue binding autoantibodies and immune complexes.
90 % of patients at diagnosis are women of childbearing age groups.
Highest prevalence is in black women and lowest is in white men.
systemic lupuse rythematosus by formation of autoantibodiesssuser45f282
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory, autoimmune disorder characterized by formation of autoantibodies directed against self-antigens and immune-complex formation resulting in damage to essentially any organ.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. Name(s)_____________________
_
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Abbreviations: SLS or Lupus
• Alternative Names: Disseminated lupus
erythematosus; erythematosus; Discoid lupus
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
3. Definition____________________
A chronic inflammatory condition caused by
an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune
disease occurs when the body's tissues are
attacked by its own immune system. Patients
with lupus have unusual antibodies in their
blood that are targeted against their own
body tissues.
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
5. Aetiology ____________________
Inate Susceptibility Environmental Stimuli
•HLA type •UV exposure
•Immunoregulatory genes •Microbial response
•Hormonal levels •Medication
•Complement levels
Autoantibody
Autoimmune Proliferation Production
•Hyperactive B-cell/T-cell activation •Apoptosis and self
•High ratio of CDA;CD8 T-cells exposure
•Defective immune complex clearance •Self-recognition
•Impaired tolerance •Foreign-Ab cross reaction
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
6. Epidemiology____________________
• Prevalence of SLE in the population:
20 to 150 cases per 100,000
• In women, prevalence rates vary from:
164 (Caucasian) per 100,000
to 406 (African American) per 100,000
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
7. Epidemiology____________________
• Due to improved detection of mild disease,
the incidence nearly tripled in the last 40
years of the 20th century.
• Estimated incidence rates are 1 to 25 per
100,000 in North America, South America,
Europe and Asia.
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
8. Epidemiology____________________
Geographic and racial distribution
• More common in urban than rural areas
• Prevalence of SLE is higher among: Asians, Afro-
Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, and Hispanic Americans
compared with Americans of European decent in the
United States and among Asian Indians compared with
Caucasians in Great Britain. In comparison, SLE occurs
infrequently in Blacks in Africa.
• In New Zealand, the prevalence and mortality of SLE are
higher in Polynesians than in Caucasians.
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
9. Epidemiology____________________
Geographic and racial distribution (symptoms)
• Photosensitivity and discoid skin lesions may be
more frequent clinical manifestations in patients
with Northern European than those with Southern
European ancestry; the former group is, however,
less likely to have anti-cardiolipin and anti-dsDNA
antibodies.
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
10. Epidemiology____________________
Gender
• The increased frequency of SLE among women has
been attributed in part to an estrogen hormonal
effect.
• In children, in whom sex hormonal effects are
presumably minimal, the female-to-male ratio is 3:1.
• In adults, especially in women of child-bearing years,
the ratio ranges from 7:1 to 15:1.
• In "older" individuals, especially post-menopausal
women, the ratio is approximately 8:1.
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
11. Epidemiology____________________
Onset
• Onset of SLE is usually after puberty, in 20s and 30s.
• 20% of cases diagnosed during first 2 decades of life.
• Prevalence is highest among women 14-64 years old.
• SLE does not have an age predilection in males,
although it should be noted that among older adults,
the female-to-male ratio falls
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
12. Pathogenesis__________________
• Autoimmune disorder
• Characterized by multisystem microvascular
inflammation with the generation of autoantibodies.
• Although the specific cause of SLE is unknown,
multiple factors are associated with the
development of the disease, including genetic, racial,
hormonal, and environmental factors
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
13. Presenting Features____________
• fever, rash, arthritis, alopecia, and renal
involvement
Symptoms Occurrence
Achy joints (arthralgia) 95%
Fever more than 38 degrees C 90%
Rheumatoid arthritis 90%
Prolonged or extreme fatigue 81%
Skin rashes 74%
Anaemia 71%
Kindey involvement 50%
Pain in the chest on deep breathing (pleurisy) 45%
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
15. Presenting Features____________
• fever, rash, arthritis, alopecia, and renal
involvement
Symptoms Occurrence
Butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose 42%
Sun or light sensitivity (photosensitivity) 30%
Hair loss 27%
Abnormal blood-clotting problems 20%
Raynaud’s phenomenon (fingers turning white 17%
and/or blue in the cold)
Seizures 15%
Mouth or nose ulcers 12%
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
18. Presenting Features____________
Features Characteristics
Malar rash Fixed erythema, flat or raised, sparing the nasolabial folds
Discoid rash Erythematous raised patches with adherent keratotic scarring
and follicular plugging
Photosensitivity Skin rash as a result of unusual reaction to sunlight
Oral ulcers Oral or nasopharyngeal ulceration; may be painless
Arthritis Non-erosive, involving two or more peripheral joints
Serositis a. Pleuritis (convincing history of pleuritic pain, rub or
pleural effusion) or
b. Pericarditis (rub, ECG evidence or effusion)
Renal disorder a. Persistent proteinuria >0.5 g/day, or
b. Cellular casts (red cell, granular or tubular)
Neurological Seizures or psychosis in the absence of offending drugs or
disorder metabolic derangement
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
19. Presenting Features____________
Features Characteristics
Haematological a. Haemolytic anaemia or
disorder b. Leucopenia (<4000/mm3) or
c. Lymphopenia (<1500/mm3) or
d. Thrombocytopenia (<10 000/mm3) in the absence of
offending drugs
Immunology a. Anti-DNA antibodies in abnormal titre or
disorder b. Presence of antibody to Sm antigen or
c. Positive antiphospholipid antibodies
Antinuclear Abnormal titre of ANA by immunofluorescence
antibody disorder
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
20. Complications (Blood)__________
• Affects 85% of patients with SLE
• 50% of patients have anemia
• Between 34 - 42% of patients have
antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
• Patients who have APS have a high incidence
of blood clots
• Blood clotting puts patients at higher risk for
stroke and pulmonary embolism
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
21. Clot in Deep Veins of Groin
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
22. Complications (Heart &
Circulation)
• Heart disease is primary cause of death in lupus
patients
• Atherosclerosis, or plaque buildup in the arteries
• High blood pressure, most likely because of
kidney injury and corticosteroid treatments
• Heart failure
• Pericarditis, an inflammation of the tissue
surrounding the heart
• Myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle
itself (rare)
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
23. Complications (Lung)___________
• Affects 60% of SLE patients
• Inflammation of the membrane lining the lung
(pleurisy) is the most common problem, which
can cause shortness of breath and coughing.
• In some cases, fluid accumulates, a condition
called pleural effusion.
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
24. Complications (Kidney)__________
• Affects 50% of patients
• Poor kidney function (mild) and kidney failure
(severe) may result from this damage.
• Serious complications occur in 30% of patients
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
25. Complications (CNS)____________
• Nearly all patients complain of CNS complications
• Most serious: inflammation of the blood vessels in the
brain (vasculitis), occurs in 10% of patients
• Fever, seizures, psychosis, and even coma can occur.
• Irritability
• Emotional disorders (anxiety, depression)
• Mild impairment of concentration and memory
• Migraine and tension headaches
• Problems with the reflex systems, sensation, vision,
hearing, and motor control
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
26. Complications (Other)___
• Infections (common)
• Gastrointestinal (45%)
• Joint, Muscle, Bone (Osteoporosis, Arthritis)
• Eye (5% temporary blindness)
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
27. Diagnosis_____________________
• Difficult to diagnose
• No single diagnostic marker; identified through a
combination of clinal and laboratory criteria
• Early diagnosis is important as it reduces morbidity
and mortality (lupus nephritis)
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
28.
29. Laboratory Investigations________
• 4 of 11 clinical and laboratory criteria must be met
• Antinuclear antibody titer is the primary laboratory test
• Antinuclear antibody titer of 1:40 and characteristic
multiorgan system involvement can be diagnosed with
systemic lupus erythematosus without additional testing
• Patients with an antibody titer of 1:40 who fail to meet full
clinical criteria should undergo additional testing: including
tests for antibody to doublestranded DNA antigen and
antibody to Sm nuclear antigen.
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
30. Treatment and Cure____________
• No cure
• Treatment goal: relieve symptoms and protect organs by
decreasing inflammation and/or the level of autoimmune activity in
the body.
• Treatment options:
Rest/Sleep
Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (taken with medication to
prevent ulcers)
Corticosteriods (more potent than NSAIDs in reducing
inflammation)
Hydroxychloroquine (anti-malarial)
Cytotoxic drugs (immunosuppressive medications)
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
31. Prognosis____________________
_
• Highly variable prognosis for individual
patients
• Relatively benign to rapidly progressive/fatal
cases
• Often waxes and wanes in affected individuals
throughout life, and features of the disease
vary greatly between individuals.
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
32. Prevention___________________
_
• There is currently no way to prevent SLE
• But people who smoke may be more likely to
develop lupus.
• Avoiding smoking and perhaps other tobacco
products may decrease your risk of developing lupus.
Find out more about Asthma Treatment Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Editor's Notes
Although the specific cause of SLE is unknown, multiple genetic predispositions and gene-environment interactions have been identified (see chart below). This complex situation perhaps explains the variable clinical manifestations in persons with SLE.