1. AN APPRAISAL OF RURAL/URBAN ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION IN A SOUTH INDIAN CITY:
VINDICATION OF GREENER ENERGY POTENTIAL
THROUGH SOLAR PV SYSTEM
By
M.PALPANDIAN,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Sethu Institute of Technology,
Kariapatti, Virudhunagar District-626115,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: palpandianm@gmail.com
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2. INTRODUCTION
☼ Electricity – Sustainable human development.
☼
Issue – Scarcity of resources, increase in energy price and identified
environmental problems.
☼ Effective consumption – Global energy and environmental problems.
☼
Renewable energy – Safer.
☼
People attention – Solar energy.
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3. OBJECTIVE
☼
Solar PV system– Madurai.
☼
Suitable solution – Shun power crisis.
☼
Technical and economic viability – Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric
Renewables (HOMER).
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4. TAMIL NADU ENERGY SCENARIO
☼ 1986 – Fully electrified.
☼
55% Electric power – Fossil Fuel .
☼
45% of Electric power – Renewable Energy.
☼
15 MW of Electric power – Solar Energy.
☼18%
☼
– Transmission line losses.
492000 ha – Un-cultivable land.
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5. GENERATION VS DEMAND
☼ 26% –11,000 MW .
☼
16 hours – Load shedding .
☼
4000 MW – Power shortage
☼
Huge scarcity of electricity –
increase in consumer.
☼
2006 – 2012 – Same installed
capacity .
☼
Renewable sources – Wind
and solar.
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6. STUDY AREA
☼
☼
Latitude 9.58 N and Longitude 78.10 E.
3696 sq. km – Area.
☼
3.57 % of total population in Tamil Nadu.
☼
14.4 lakhs – Urban population .
☼
11.3 lakhs – Rural population .
☼
25.8 lakhs – Total population .
☼
6.13 lakhs – Total number of households.
☼
68.1% – Permanent households .
☼
19.7% – Semi permanent households .
☼
12.2% – Temporary households.
☼
4 Persons – Average size of a household.
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7. STUDY AREA
Cont….
☼
300 sunny days – 2300 to 3200 hours per year.
☼
Annual solar radiation – 1600KWhm-2 to 2200 KWhm-2 .
☼
Average sunshine duration – 9 hours (~35ºC) summer and 6 hours (~33ºC) winter.
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8. RESIDENTS UNDER SURVEY
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9. INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING
24 KW Standalone PV system
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Measured output power from Jan’12 to Dec ‘12
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10. METHODOLOGY
☼
Weekdays and Weekend – Daily energy consumption .
☼
150 Urban and 150 Rural residents – August 2012 to December 2012.
☼
Questionnaire – Residence area, residence type , family size, family type, annual
income and time of occupation.
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11. SOLAR PV SYSTEM DESIGN
☼
☼
☼
☼
☼
334KWh – Average electric power
consumption.
PV array – Rs. 150-200/Wp.
Charge controller – Rs. 2000/KWh.
Battery – Rs. 4000/KWh.
Inverter – Rs. 4000/KW.
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12. HOMER
☼
HOMER – Simulation and optimization software tool.
☼
National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
☼
Evaluates suitable technologies options.
☼
Generation of the hourly household electrical load.
☼
Determination of power output.
☼
Calculation – Net present value, Internal rate of return and discounted payback
period.
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13. LOAD PROFILE
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14. DISCUSSION
Energy consumption
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Electric Appliance
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15. ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BASED ON INCOME
☼
☼
☼
Residents < 2 lakhs
 27% of residence.
 Average electricity consumption per month – 500 KWh.
 Lighting load and television.
 10% – Electricity expenditure.
Residents with income between 2 to 5 lakhs
 65% of residence.
 Average monthly consumption – 500 KWh to 1000 KWh.
 Air conditioners, televisions, computers and kitchen appliances.
 10 – 15% – Electricity expenditure.
Residents with income > 5 lakhs
 08% of residence.
 Average electricity consumption per month – 1000 to 2000 KWh.
 Air conditioners, kitchen appliances, television, lighting, computers and
internet usage.
 15 – 20% – Electricity expenditure.
 Solar PV System – Economical.
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16. ECONOMIC ASSESMENT OF SOLAR PV SYSTEM
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17. PAYBACKPERIOD
Stand-alone PV system = 44 years
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Grid Connected PV System=34 years
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18. ANNUAL ELECTRICITY PRICE AND COST OF
STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM
☼
☼
☼
Class – 1
 Income < 2 lakhs.
 Average energy consumption
– 111 KWh per year .
Class – II
 Income 2 to 5 lakhs.
 Average energy consumption
– 335 KWh per year .
Class – III
 Income >5 lakhs.
 Average energy consumption
– 1361 KWh per year .
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19. HOMER RESULTS
Stand-alone PV system
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Grid Connected PV System
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20. CONCLUDING REMARKS
☼
Power shortage – Intolerable.
☼
Solar PV system – Minimum payback period.
☼
HOMER – Grid connected PV system.
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21. References
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22. References
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[10] Delhi International Renewable Energy Conference, Ministry of New and Renewable
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[11] MNRE,2009./http://mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/rve-adm.pdfS Official website of the
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[14] United States (US) National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) HOMER Software.
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23. References
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24. Let us Harness Maximum solar Energy
Reduce CO2 Emission
Thank you
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