Most of the population affected due to custodial injustice is poor, marginalized, minorities, dalits and adivasis. With intent to educate the above said population and to strengthen human rights defenders about recent developments regarding custodial laws, judgements expert’s opinion articles and critiques HRF bring out this magazine in Tamil language once in three months.
20. December 2008 UAPA amendments merely reveal
that the government lacks any new idea about how
totackleterrorisminIndia.
NOTES AND REFERENCES
1. M. Veerappa Moily, Second Administrative Reforms Commission, “Combating
th
Terrorism: Protecting by Righteousness” ( 8 report, June 2008) http//
arc.gov.in/8th report.pdfaccessed24December2008,pi.
2. This was recommended by Basu DebAcharia during the parliamentary debate on
thebill
3. P. Chidambaram, “Statement of Objects and Reasons” (15 December 2008 ), The
Unlawful Activities(Prevention)AmendmentBill2008,BillNo 76of2008.
4. P. Chidambaram, Parliamentary debates, 10 December 2008,
http://164.100.47.134/newls/textofdebatedetail.aspx?sdate=12/17/2008 accessed
22December2008.
5. See Ben Golder and George Williams, “Balancing National Security and Human
Rights: Assessing the Legal Response of Common Law Nations to the Threat of
Terrorism” (2006) , 8 Journal of Comparative PolicyAnalysis, 43, 47 for a similar
argumentinrelationtoterroristactdefinitionsinothercommonlawcountries.
6. Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights while
Countering Terrorism (hereafter, Special Rapporteur), “Protection of Human
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms while CounteringTerrorism”(16August 2006),
UNGA Doc.A/61/267,para44. See also UNSC Res 1566(8 October 2004) UN Doc
SYRES/1566.
7. Second Administrative Reforms Commission, 'Combating Terrorism: Protecting
th
by Righteousness '( 8 report , June 2008) http//arc.gov.in/8threport.pdf accessed
24December2008,pp9-10
8 The UnlawfulActivities (Prevention)Amendment Bill 2008, passed by Lok Sabha
on 17 December 2008, http//164.100.24.219/ BillsTexts/LSBillsTexts/
PassedLokSabha/76-C.pdfaccessed26December,Section43B(1).
9 Terrorism Act 2006 (UK) http//www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/ acts2006/
ukpga_20060011_en_1 accessed26December2008,section23.
10 Ari D Mackinnon,” Counterterrorism and Checks and Balances: The Spanish and
AmericanExamples”,82,NYUL Rev602(May2007).
11 “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required
to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act 2001 (USA PATRIOT ACT) 2001”,
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c107:H.R.3162.ENR: accessed 31
December2008,section412.
12. Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, “Proposed 42-day Pre-Charge
Detention in the United Kingdom” (Committee on Legal Affairs and Human
Rights, 30 September 2008) Doc 11725 http://assembly.coe.int/ Main.asp?link=/
Documents/WorkingDocs/Doco8/EDOC11725.htmaccessed29December2008.
13. Fair Trials International, “Response to the Home Office Discussion Paper on
Options for Pre-Charge Detention in Terrorist Cases”, http://,www.fairtrials.net/
index.php/campaigns/article/response_to_the_home_office_dicussion_paper_on
_options_for_pre_charge_dete/>accessed29December2008.
14. Special Rapporreur,” Australia: Study on Human Rights Compliance while
Countering Terrorism” (14December 2006), UN Doc A/ HRC/4/26/Add3, Para
34.
15. Special Rapporteur, Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms while
CounteringTerrorism”(2008),UNGADocA/63/223,p5.
16. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966,
enteredintoforce23March1976)999UNTS 171,art14(2)andart14(3)(g).
17. HRC, “General Comment No 32-Article 14: Right to Equality before Courts and
Tribunals and to a Fair Trial” (23 August 2007), UN Doc CCPR/C/GC/32(2007),
para6.
18. See UNRC, “ Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties under Article
40 of the Covenant: Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee;
Estonia” (15 April 2003), UN Doc CCPR/CO/77/EST; UNHRC, “Consideration
of Reports Submitted by States Parties under Article 40 of the Covenant:
Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: New Zealand” (7
August 2002), UN Doc CCPR/CO/75/NZL: UN-HRC, “Consideration of Reports
Submitted by States Parties Under Article 40 of the Covenant: Concluding
Observations of the Human Rights Committee: Egypt” (28 November 2002), UN
Doc CCPR/CO/76/EGY; UNHRC, “Consideration of Reports Submitted By
States Parties under Article 40 of the Covenant: Concluding Observations of the
Human Rights of Committee: Republic of Moldova” (5 August 2002) UN Doc
CCPR/CO/75/MDA; UNHRC, “Consideration of Reports Submitted by States
Parties under Article 40 of the covenant: Concluding Observation of the Human
Rights Committee: Yemen” (12 August 2002) UN Doc CCPR/CO/75/YEM;
UNHRC, “Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties under Article 40
of the Covenant: Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Overseas Territories of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” (6 December 2001) UN
DocCCPR /CO/73/UK.
19. Constitution of India http://indiacode.nic.in/coi-web/welcome.html accessed 19
December2008.
20. HRC, “General Comment No 32-Article 14:Right to Equality Before Courts and
and Tribunals and to a Fair Trial” (23 August 2007), UN Doc
CCPR/C/GC/32(2007),para30.
21. Parliamentary Debate, 17 December 2008 http://164.100.47.134/newls
/textofdebatedetail.aspx?sdate=12/17/2008accessed26December2008.
22. “Terrorism Act 2006 (UK)” http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acks/acks2006/ ukpga_
20060011_en_1 accessed26December2008,Section23.
23. “Report of the [Australia] Security Legislation Review Committee” (June 2006)
http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(03995EABC73F94816C2A
F4AA2645824B)~SLRC+Reprot+Version+for +15+June+2006[1]pdf /$file
SLRC Report-+Version+for+15+June+2006[1].pdf accessed 29 December 2008,
p.202-203;Australian Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security,
“Review of Security and Counter Terrorism Legislation” (2006)
http://www.aph.gov.au/house/ committee/pjcis/securityleg/report.htm accessed 29
December2008,chaper2,para2.60.
24. Department of Justice, Canada, “TheAnti-TerrorismAct: Parliamentary Review of
t h e A n t i - Te r r o r i s m A c t ” ( 2 0 J u n e 2 0 0 8 ) h t t p : / / c a n a d a
justice.gc.ca/eng/antiter/accessed29December2008.
25. Parliamentary Debate, 17 December 2008 http://164.100.47.134/
newls/textofdebatedetail.aspx?sdate=12/17/2008accessed26December2008.
26. “Report of the [Australia] Security Legislation Review Committee” (June 2006)
http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(03995EABC73F94816C2A
F4AA2645824B)~SLRC+Report-Version+for+15+June+2006[1].pdf /$file
SLRC Report-+Version+for+15+June+2006[1].pdf accessed 29 December 2008,
pp28-29.
27. “Report of the [Australia] Security Legislation Review Committee” (June 2006)
http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(03995EABC73F94816C2A
F4AA2645824B)~SLRC+Report+Version+for+15+June+2006[i].pdf /$file
SLRC Report-+Version+for+15+June+2006[1].pdf accessed 29 December 2008,
pp26 29.
28. House of Lords, House of Commons, Joint Committee on Human Rights,
“Counterterrorism Policy and Human Rights: Prosecution and Pre-charge
th
Detention” (24 report, Session 2005-06) http://www.publications.parliament.
uk/pa/jt200506/jtselect/jtrights/240/240.pdfaccessed29December2008,p6.
29. “Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act 1987” (India)
http://www.unhcr.org/ref-world/publisher, NATLEGBOD, IND,
3ae6b5818,0.htmlaccessed23December2008,Section1(4).
30. “Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) 2002” (India) http://www.commonlii.org
/in/legis/num_act/pota2002294 accessed23December2008,Section1(6).
31. “Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act 2004”,
http://www.commonlii.org/ in/legis/num_act/uaaa2004438/accessed 30
December2008.
32. SecondAdministrative Reforms Commission, “Combatting Terrorism: Protecting
th
by Righteousness” (8 report, June 2008), http://arc.gov.in/8threport.pdf accessed
24December2008,P31.
33. Second Administrative Reforms Commission, “Combatting Terrorism: Protecting
th
by Righteousness” (8 report, June 2008) http://arc.gov.in/8threport.pdf accessed
24December2008P31.
34. Report of the Secretary-General, “Uniting Against Terrorism: Recommendations
for a Global Counterterrorism Strategy” (May 2006) http://www.un.org/
unitingagainstterrorism /contents.htm accessed 29 December 2008, chapter II.B
para35.
35. The Andhra Pradesh government recently admitted wrongly detaining and
torturing 21 Muslim youth, over the August 2007 explosions at Meca Masjid,
GokulChatandLumbiniPark.SeeCNN-IBN, 9November2008.
36. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Speech at the Chief Ministers' Conference on
Internal Security (20 December 2007), New Delhi http://www.pmindia.nic.in/
speeches.htm.accessed26December2008.
20fhtš Úâ¡fhd Fuš ã¥utÇ - 2009