Paul Kruger was born in 1825 on his grandfather's farm in South Africa. He had a difficult childhood due to drought and locust plagues. He received little formal education but was self-educated through reading the Bible daily. As a young man, he joined the Great Trek and fought in battles against other tribes. He became a leader in the Boer communities and politics, helping establish the independence of the Transvaal Republic from Britain. As president from 1883-1900, he resisted British attempts to control the Transvaal and its gold mines. Despite losing the Second Boer War, Kruger remained a celebrated figure for resisting British imperialism. He died in exile in 1904.
A cool presentation on famous writer of english:- Sir Arthur Conan Dyle. It was made by me in the supervision of my class teacher as it was our vaction homework. It says all the informative things of Sir arthur conan doyle.
Thanks for looking it
This Presentation helps the viewers to know about the English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of religious freedom.[2] It was part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The wars also involved the Scottish Covenanters and Irish Confederates. The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.
A cool presentation on famous writer of english:- Sir Arthur Conan Dyle. It was made by me in the supervision of my class teacher as it was our vaction homework. It says all the informative things of Sir arthur conan doyle.
Thanks for looking it
This Presentation helps the viewers to know about the English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of religious freedom.[2] It was part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The wars also involved the Scottish Covenanters and Irish Confederates. The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.
There are some intriguing similarities between the history of the United States of America and that of South Africa.
Shortly after Portuguese explorer Bartholomew Diaz first landed on the shores of South Africa in 1488, the Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492.
From the 1600s onwards both America and South Africa were settled by pilgrims from Holland, France, England, Scotland and Germany seeking religious freedom.
The British ChallengedThe end of Zulu sovereignty came at the hand.docxmehek4
The British Challenged
The end of Zulu sovereignty came at the hands of the British, but not without a significant cost the British. The invincible British military, proved vulnerable and experienced one of the deadliest and humiliating defeats in British history. By 1870, the British had adopted a forward policy in Southern Africa. The intent of the policy was to bring all people in together under the control of them.
Included in this policy was the vision to implement economic development in the region, specifically to facilitate the excavation of goods for the boughs of the earth and to transport such goods efficiently and effectively to Western cultures in trade. Sir Heny Bartle Frere saw the sovereign, economically viable Zulu kingdom as a direct threat to his success.
Frere viewed the British military as the greatest in the world and therefore could not conceive of a scenario under which the ill-armed Zulu's would be a threat. In December 1878, Frere picked a fight with the Zulu king Cetshwayo kaMpande. Before the war the Tugela River formed the boundary between Zulu territory and Natal, British territory. When Cetshwayo became king he refused to to submit British hegemony. A army of 40 - 60,000 men was called and prepared for battle. In December 1878, Cetshwayo was given an ultimatum - disband the Zulu army and pay reparations for insults against the British people and crown or suffer the consequences.
Cetshwayo refused to respond, which promoted the British under Lord Chelmsford, to attack. Arrogant, the British invaders advanced into Zululand without using advance scouts or sentries. The Zulu army attacked and annihilated the central British column at Isandhlwana, killing 1300 British soldiers and their African allies, taking nearly 1,000 rifles, with ammunition, as they fled (Source: The Zulu War 1878-1879). When the news reach British shores of the devastating defeat at Isandhlwana, there was an uproar.
Sporadic battles broke-out over the opening months of 1879 while Lord Chelmsford reorganized his troops and waited for reinforcements from Britain, most which saw the Zulu as victors. Favor began to shift to the British when they repelled a Zulu attack on their camp on March 29, 1879. As fresh British troops arrived in Southern Africa, the stage was set for the final invasion of Zululand, battles which lasted from May through July 1879. King Cetshwayo conceded defeat and requested terms of surrender, which the British refused demanding an unconditional surrender.
In many respects, the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 was merely the first act in the protracted destruction of the Zulu kingdom. British policy was to destroy the unity of the nation by undermining the influence of the Zulu Royal House, and to prevent the Zulus posing a further threat to British settler interests in the region. Their systematic policy to break up the institutions of the old Zulu sate led to deep divisions within the country, to civil war and ultimately to the dispo ...
Michael Sattler and the Peasants Revolt of 1525Ivan Kauffman
Who was Michael Sattler? At a commemoration of his being burned at the stake in 1527 the historian Ivan Kauffman presented this year by year story of his life, which took him from medieval monk to founder of the Amish and Mennonites.
It remains an extraordinary testimony to the power of the Gospel that, during such a terrible time of World War, soldiers of so many armies, on opposite sides, could cease fighting, come out of their trenches and embrace their enemies in honour of the Prince of Peace
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
4. Oom Paul was born on his grandfather's farm at Bulhoek,
10 October 1825. Paul's parents were Casper Kruger and Elsie Steyn.
5. Drought, locusts and migrating herds of buck forced them to lead
a nomadic existence in the Karoo.
He was hardened by nature and schooled by the Bible.
6. He received only three months of formal education,
mostly being home schooled. He read the Bible daily.
7. As a young boy of 10-years-old
Paul Kruger set out
on the Great Trek under
Hendrik Potgieter.
8. His father, Casper Kruger, joined the Trek party of Hendrik Potgieter
in one of the very first of the expeditions, 1835.
9. At age 11, he was one of the "men" who successfully
defeated the previously unbeaten Matabele Impies of
Mzilikazi at the Battle of Vegkop.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. He had a rough upbringing
on the trail and,
in the wilderness,
became proficient
in horse riding
and hunting.
18. He was a leader in the First Anglo Boer War of 1880 – 1881.
19. Paul Kruger's father first settled close to what is today Potchefstroom,
and later moved to what is now Rustenberg.
20. At age 16, Paul Kruger
carved his own farm
out of the wilderness
at the foot of
the Magaliesberg Mountains.
21. At age 17 he married Anna
Marie Etresai du Plessis
(1826 - 1846).
His wife and child died January,
1846.
22. He then married again in 1847, Gezina Suzanna du Plessis (1831 – 1901).
23. Together they were blessed with 7 daughters and 9 sons.
Before the end of his life he had over 144 grandchildren.
24. Paul Kruger was a deeply devout believer who studied the Scriptures
daily. He memorised most of the Bible by heart.
25. He was a founding member of the Gereformeerde Kerk,
which was formed in Rustenberg in 1859.
26. The Doppers, as the Gereformeerde Kerk members were known,
separated from the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk
over a new Hymnbook,
27. which they believed contradicted some of the principles of their
foundational document, the Synod of Dort,
the Heidelberg Catechism and the Belgic Confession.
28. The Gereformeerde Kerk founded the Potchefstroom University College
for Higher Christian Education.
29. The Gereformeerde Kerk uses only Hymns from the Bible, mainly the
Psalms, and other Skrifberymings directly drawn from the Bible.
30. His first involvement in politics began at age 25,
when he represented the Transvaal at the Sand River Convention, 1852.
31. Paul Kruger was a Field Cornet in the Commandos and eventually
became Commandant General of the South African Republic.
32. He was appointed member of a Commission of the Volksraad to
draw up the Constitution for the Transvaal Republic.
33. He was present at the
Sand River Convention
of 1852, in which the
British government
recognised the
independence of the
Transvaal and the
Orange Free State.
34. In 1875, he was elected as a member of the Executive Council and
shortly after that became Vice President of the Transvaal.
35. When President T.F. Burgers came to power in 1872, Paul Kruger could
not support his liberal policies and resigned in early 1873.
36. It was the declining popularity of Burgers that led Lord Shepstone to
seize the Transvaal Republic and annex it to the British Empire.
37. So unpopular was Burgers and his policies that not one Boer responded
to his call for the Commandos to defend their independence.
38. However as the
British began to
tax the farmers,
Paul Kruger
became the most
vocal leader of the
Resistance to
foreign rule.
39. At a historic gathering
at Paardekraal,
in December 1880,
the citizens restored
the Republic,
electing Paul Kruger,
Piet Joubert and
M.W. Pretorius
to form a Triumvirate
to lead their Republic.
40. After the Transvaal was
annexed by Britain in 1877,
Paul Kruger led
the resistance movement,
41. visiting Britain as the leader of a deputation protesting
the violation of the Sand River Convention and
demanding the restoration of Transvaal independence.
43. Paul Kruger played a vital role in the negotiations with the British
which led to the restoration of the Transvaal independence.
44. On 30 December 1880, at age 55, Paul Kruger was elected
President of the Transvaal.
45. He visited Europe on a number of occasions and was received with great
honour in Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Spain.
46. In the elections of 1883, 1888, 1893 and 1898, Paul Kruger was
victorious, each time defeating his main rival, Piet Joubert.
47. The discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand 1884, had far-reaching
political repercussions as Uitlanders poured into the Transvaal,
48. dramatically changing the demographics
and threatening to overwhelm the independence of the Boer Republic.
49. In his Memoirs,
Paul Kruger declared that
instead of rejoicing
at the discovery of gold,
they should have wept,
because of how it would cause
their land to be
soaked in blood.
50. Paul Kruger was far-sighted in his concern for nature conservation and
he is credited with the establishment of the initial Sabi Reserve in the
Eastern Transvaal which has grown into the greatest game reserve on
earth: The Kruger National Park.
51. Paul Kruger displayed tremendous wisdom and restraint
in how he handled the treachery of some prominent miners
in their attempt to foment revolution,
52. and the failed Jameson Raid, led by Cecil John Rhodes' most trusted
leader, Leander Starr Jameson, in 1895.
53. Instead of hanging the plotters, or imprisoning the invaders,
as his own people demanded, he handed them over
to the British government to deal with.
54. There are numerous amusing stories of Oom Paul
on state visits overseas.
55. On one occasion he walked into
a French banquet hall only to
immediately turn around
and walk out, declaring:
"I am sorry, I was not aware
that your women were
not yet dressed!"
as a protest against the immoral
fashions prevalent in Paris.
56. When President Kruger announced that any church could receive an
acre free for them to build their House of Worship on,
58. Oom Paul thought for a moment
and then responded that
he could have half an acre,
as the Jews only believe
half the Bible!
59. When the Rabbi invited the President to dedicate the Synagogue, Oom
Paul solemnly removed his hat and declared: "In the Name of our Lord
and Saviour, Jesus Christ, I dedicate this Synagogue to the Glory of God."
60. It may be the only Synagogue dedicated in the Name of the
Lord Jesus Christ.
61. With the radical economic and
political challenges that followed
the discovery of gold on the
Witwatersrand, President Kruger
was concerned that the miners
would soon out-vote the farmers.
62. To counter this possibility,
he made the conditions of naturalisation more demanding.
63. In 1890, the government restricted the Uitlander franchise for
presidential and Volksraad elections to naturalised citizens
who had been in the country for at least 14 years.
64. A second Volksraad was created to represent Uitlander interests,
to be elected by naturalised citizens of at least two years.
65. Sir Alfred Milner,
the British
High Commissioner
in South Africa,
was an ardent imperialist
and committed to agitating
Uitlander dissent
and opposition to
Kruger's government
in the Transvaal
and the absorption of
both the Transvaal
and the Orange Free State
into a British South Africa.
66.
67. As the British invaded the Transvaal, May 1890,
President Kruger was sent overseas to raise support
for the Boer cause.
68. He fled through Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique).
There he boarded the Dutch Warship, Gelderland,
70. which defied the British Naval Blockade to transport him safely
to Europe.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78. In Europe he was
greatly honoured
as the principled leader
of a courageous people
who had been
most unjustly invaded
and abused
by the British Empire.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90. Vryheid district - Dynamiting the house
of Gen. Louis Botha on 28 August 1901
91. On the night of 2 Feb 1902 a British column burnt down
the church in Lindley.
97. The Body of Miss Botha of Ladybrand. 18 years old when she died in Bloemfontien.
It was her wish that the Vierkleur be draped around her chest after her death.
98. Visitors to Kruger House in Church Street, Pretoria, can see
many of the trophies and awards granted by the Russian Tsar,
the Emperor of Austria, Kaiser Willem II of Germany,
from the Dutch, French, Italians and Swiss.
99. Oom Paul died in exile in Clarens, Switzerland, 14 July 1904.
100. On 16 December 1904 his remains were reburied
in Heroes Acre in Church Street Cemetery, Pretoria.
101.
102. A statue of Paul Kruger in his characteristic formal dress stands in the
centre of Church Square, Pretoria.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119. The Kruger Rand gold coin is named in his
honour and features his face.
120. A street in St. Gallen, Switzerland, Krügerstrasse was named after him.
His greatest monument is the Kruger National Park.
121.
122.
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124.
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165.
166. REFORMATION SOCIETY
Dr. Peter Hammond
PO Box 74
Newlands, 7725
Cape Town
South Africa
E-mail:
info@ReformationSA.org
Web:
www.ReformationSA.org