Charles I became King of England in 1625 after the death of his father, James I. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and absolute monarchy, which put him in conflict with Parliament who believed the king's power should be limited. This led Charles to dissolve Parliament in 1629 and begin 11 years of personal rule without Parliament. In 1640, Charles was forced to recall Parliament due to financial problems, but tensions rose and the English Civil Wars broke out in 1642 between royalist and parliamentary forces. Charles was eventually captured and executed for treason in 1649 after the parliamentary forces emerged victorious, establishing England as a republic without a monarch.

1. KING
CHARLES I
THE CIVIL WAR AND THE
EXECUTION OF A KING
Hernán Sarasty

2. In 1603, Elizabeth died.
She never married, so
there were no heirs to
continue the Tudor
Dynasty
Mary Stuart’s son James
I became the King of
England and
started Stuart Dynasty in
England
James I

3. Authority—James I believed in divine right and absolutism; Parliament felt
that the king should be limited.
Money—James I had to ask Parliament for money to finance government and
life style
Religion—Puritans were members of the Anglican Church who wanted all
Catholic rituals removed; Puritans were active members of Parliament.

4. Charles I Stuart, king of England,
Scotland and Ireland
Born – 19th November 1601, Dunfermline Scotland
Parents – James I, Anne of Denmark
Married – Henrietta Maria of France
Children – Charles, Mary, James, Elizabeth, Anne, Henry, Henrietta
Died – 30th January 1649

5. He was a sickly child, and, when his father became king
of England in March 1603 he was temporarily left behind in
Scotland because of the risks of the journey.
 Charles had a Scots accent and a slight stammer.
 He was small in stature.
 He was shy, silent and reserved.
 His excellent temper, courteous manners, and lack of vices
impressed all those who met him, but he lacked the
common touch.
 He was sincerely religious.
 He suffered from rickets
 He was a patron of the arts, also a lover of horses and
hunting.
CHILD AND ADULT
PERSONALITY

6. .
Anthony van Dyck, Charles I in Three Positions,
1635-36. Royal Collection Trust
Raphael, Saint George and the Dragon, c. 1506

7. .
Anthony van Dyck, Charles I in the Hunting
Field, c. 1636. Royal Collection Trust
Titian, Charles V with a Dog, 1533.

8. .
Henrietta Maria of France Duke of Buckingham

9. .
DISSOLUTION OF
PARLIAMENT

10. What is dissolution of parliament?
The power of dissolution is the power to end the term of office of a parliament
(or other legislative body) so as to cause new elections to take place.
Parliaments are compulsorily dissolved at the end of their term of office. In
many countries, a premature dissolution, before the scheduled end of
Parliament’s term, is also possible in certain situations.

11. .
Unacceptable concessions to
English Catholics
Duke of Buckingham was
about to authorize English
warships
The House of Commons tried
to impeach Buckingham for
high treason
Disagreement with the
taxation
Parliament tried to limit the
power of the king
the assassination of the Duke
of Buckingham
FIRST PARLIAMENT
1625
SECOND PARLIAMENT
1626
THIRD PARLIAMENT
1628-29
KING CHARLES' PERSONAL
RULE, 1629-40
Short parliament
April 13–May 5, 1640
Long parliament
November 1640 - c. March 1660
• no taxation without the consent of
Parliament.
• no imprisonment without cause.
• be no martial law to punish ordinary offences.
• no billeting of soldiers or sailors upon
householders.

12. English Civil Wars, also called Great Rebellion, (1642–51), fighting that took place in
the British Isles between supporters of the monarchy of Charles I (and his son and
successor, Charles II) and opposing groups in each of Charles’s kingdoms, including
Parliamentarians in England, Covenanters in Scotland, and Confederates in Ireland.
● The first (1641–1645)
● The second (1645–1649)
● The third (1649–1651)
English Civil Wars

13. .
In January 1642 Charles took 400 troops
to Westminster and demanded the arrest
of five MPs. The MPs escaped, but this
gave Parliament a reason to take control
of the army. Charles fled northwards
and began gathering his own army. In
August 1642, he raised his flag at
Nottingham – an official declaration of
war.

14. .
Overall, the Royalists were successful
early in the war, winning battles and
taking towns. However, they were not
able to capture London and the tide
began to turn after the
Parliamentarians made an alliance with
Scotland. In 1644, Parliament
reorganized its forces into a single
army, the New Model Army.
In May 1646, Charles surrendered,
ending the First English Civil War.

15. .

16. .
In making war against Parliament, the
king had caused the deaths of
thousands. Estimated deaths from the
first two English civil wars has been
reported as 84,830 killed with estimates
of another 100,000 dying from war-
related disease." The population of
England in 1650 was estimated at only
5.1 million, meaning that the war deaths
totaled 3.6 percent of the population.
AFTERMATH

17. .
● Following the second civil war, the New Model Army and the Independents in Parliament were
determined that the King should be punished.
● The King of England was put on trial for his life.
● Charles behaved with great dignity and courage throughout his trial, conducted at Westminster Hall.
● He was sentenced to death.
● In January, 1649, King Charles I was beheaded before crowd of spectators.
EXECUTION

18. .
The Commonwealth refers to the period in
the post-Civil War period when England was
ruled without a King. Charles I was
executed in 1649 and England for the first
time since before Alfred the Great was
without a King. The next 11 years saw a
variety of systems of government
experimented with.
Commonwealth

19. .
Oliver Cromwell was an
English military and political
leader. He served as Lord
Protector of the
Commonwealth of England,
Scotland, and Ireland from
1653 until his death, acting
simultaneously as head of
state and head of government
of the new republic.
Oliver Cromwell (25 Apr. 1599 – 3 Sep. 1658)

20. .
LEGACY
Memorial to Charles I at
Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight.
Upon the Restoration, Charles II added a commemoration of his
father—to be observed on January 30, the date of his
execution—to the Book of Common Prayer. In the time of
Queen Victoria this was however removed due to popular
discontent with the commemorating of a dead monarch with a
major feast day of the Church; now, January 30 is only listed as
a "Lesser Festival." There are several Anglican/Episcopal
churches dedicated to Charles I as "King and Martyr" in
England, Canada, Australia, and the United States.

21. .
This was the first Renaissance-style
equestrian statue in England

22. .
REFERENCES
Elliot W. Bulmer, 2016. Dissolution of parliament. International Idea Institute for democracy and electoral
assistance. Retrieved from https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/dissolution-parliament
Maurice Ashley, 2019, Charles I king of great Britain and Ireland. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-I-king-of-Great-Britain-and-Irelan
New world encyclopedia, Charles I of England. Retrieved from
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Charles_I_of_England
The personal rule of Charles I. Retrieved from https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-
heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/civilwar/overview/personal-rule/

23. .
THANKS!