Vision of Library Technical Services

University Libraries University of California Santa Cruz June 8, 2009 Santa Cruz, CA By Amanda Xu St. John’s University Library [email_address]

Overview
Economic Challenges and Opportunities for Academic Libraries as Gateways, Archives, a Place, Buyers, etc.
Changing Nature of Publishing and Library Acquisitions – Common Ground and Best Practice
Increasing Digital Nature of Library Collection – Information as Product
Rising Expectations of End Users using Web As Infrastructure
Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control
Role of Technical Services in FocusOn Search and CategoryMap

Library as Gateways
“ Provide instant access to electronic library holdings and resources for scholars, students and the public”
LTS - Supporting the library’s role as gateways by embedding bibliographic data, authority data, holdings data, user data, and linkages into the context of user preferred experience:
LMS – Learning Management Systems / CMS – Course Management Systems/ RTS- Research Tracking Systems
Federated Search/ Google enterprise search
Library portals – III’s Encore, Next Generation Melvyl
LTS - Ensuring linked data quality by providing complete, clean, consistent, and current data for holdings, resource identity, etc. and by compliance with bibliographic control standards

Library as Archives
“ Advanced technology for digital preservation”
LTS - Developing in-house expertise in digital preservation;
LTS - Providing trainings for staff to be fluent with digital preservation standards, best practices, and tools;
LTS - Actively participating in the living laboratory development for conversion and preservation of art, music, and text from their original media into digital ones in collaboration with content and technology partners, especially those in Special Collections and Archives, Media Services, and others.

Library as a Place
“ With greater capacity for traditional print collections”
LTS – Honoring tradition by continuously selecting, acquiring, organizing, maintaining, tracking and reporting active holdings for the print collections via local integrated library systems, and any other external systems in the network, e.g. binding, OCLC, Melvyl, etc.
“ Social learning and social networking”
LTS – Embracing the changes to the library landscape by incorporating the appropriate tools into the library that supports social learning and networking, including using Web as infrastructure
“ Scholarly community and intellectual engagement”
LTS – Participating in the infrastructure development for effective dissemination of ideas in the forum of talks, exhibits, and forums

Library as Buyers
Acquiring or subscribing information resources distributed to the library by vendors in whatever delivery channels
LTS – Providing solutions to the next generation of library technologies in acquisitions and cataloging of materials, and serials and electronic resources management;
LTS - Improving the IT infrastructure for processing the information resources in various formats in collaboration with external and internal partners;

Library as Universal Digital Library Infrastructure
LTS - Providing pervasive information infrastructure and computing environment, which integrate people, organizations, processes, data, information, and technologies in such a coherent manner that the objectives of a digital library can be performed, measured and controlled at the lowest meaningful and atomic level;
LTS - Providing relevant, engaged, and customized information contents and services, which cover all resources, all vocabularies, and all languages to any given user at any time;
LTS - Empowering the whole brain team using leadership, communication skills, project management, analytical skills, collaboration, and teamwork.

BPM 1. Organization 2. People 3. Processes 4. Domains 5. Technologies 6. Distribution 7. Context 8. Culture

Increasing Digital Nature of Library Collection – Information as Product
Project management, enterprise architecture (EA), EA modelling and business process modelling
Content capturing
Content modelling and content management systems
Search engine services
Enterprise service bus (ESB) and service-oriented architecture (SOA)
Relational, multidimensional and ontological database management systems, and database administration
Portal solutions
Customer relationship management
Service resolution management
Business intelligence and reporting
Information security

Rising Expectations of End Users using Web As Infrastructure
21 st century enrollment
New students, new technologies and new senses
Media education
Teaching and learning of 21 st century skills
Digital divide between faculty and students
Mending the gaps by Library
Digital age literacy
Inventive thinking
Effective communication
High productivity
21 st century research
Cyber infrastructure for research in science, engineering, humanities and social sciences
One to one engagement

Innovative Approaches to Bibliographic Control (1)
A library resource is increasingly becoming a product, e.g. parts of a book or collection of books aggregated, distributed, and disaggregated in heterogeneous computing environment with end service point on the Web platform geared toward a specific user group community, who are the supporters of the library services (M.V.C. & M.G.C.);
Unified/federated approach to bibliographic control of library resources purchased, licensed, in-house developed, or freely available in the public domain through common infrastructures at presentation layer, process layer, service layer, business logic layer, database layer, content model layer;

Any collection of electronic data, from library catalogs to collections of full-text packages whether structured or unstructured in any media type on the Internet can be :
Interwoven with enterprise-wide resources, processes, services, systems and devices
Mined through automated means, e.g. named entity and noun phrases extraction, analysis, association, and interpretation
Sliced and diced for better forecasting and decision making using data warehousing and business intelligence packages on things such as library collection analysis, development and re-organization
Bibliographic control is increasingly a matter of managing relationships – among works, names, concepts, and object descriptions across communities with emphasis on reuse, scalability, maintainability, traceability, efficiency, and productivity

Traditional information context
Markup
Types – Descriptive, Technical, Administrative, Structural, Preservation;
Typical library metadata schemes – MARC, TEI, EAD, Dublin Core, VRA, MODS, MIX, METS, PREMIS, CDWA
A metadata scheme specifies – semantic, content, syntax
Crosswalks – among metadata schemes
Maintenance – Validate of the above & CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) & archive
Digital information context
Linked Data – Web of things
CIA – Confidential, Integrity, Available
Adaptable, maintainable & lifecycle
Separation of concerns: rules, patterns, structures & behavior

Business Scenario for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.1)
System Front End for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.2)
System Backend for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (Taxonomy Management Module) (4.3)
FocusOn Search and CategoryMap in Distributed Network/Web (Logical Network Diagram) (4.4)
ER Diagram Adapted from RDA (Resource Description and Access) (4.5)
DFD (Data Flow Diagram) Context Level for FocusOnSearch (4.6)
System Flow Chart for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.7)
System Flow Chart for the Data Movement of all Vocabularies (4.8)

Introduction to FocusOnSearch and CategoryMap (4.1.a)
DATA - Structured (20%), Semi Structured & Unstructured (80%)
IDC - Percentage Searches on Web – “Aboutness” for a topic search (45%), and scientific and technical info search (35%)
Query limited to Boolean, Relevance ranking, Phrase, Link Analysis on Refined Indexes by Keywords, Media, and File Types on Web
Unknown Named Entities and Topical Search often Discovered by Accident on Web
Result List Rendered often Makes no Sense for “Aboutness” Search on Web, let alone supporting business intelligence
Cumbersome Info Sharing Processes for Enterprise Wide Information Discovery

Introduction to FocusOnSearch and CategoryMap (4.1.b)
Browse both print and electronic collections on term “Algebra -Electronic Data Processing” and Mathematics by LC classification scheme with a single click
Enable a single measurement point to benchmark processes on university resources and library
Integrate one or more category maps by classifying university resources and library consistently
Enable trend analysis for collection development needs on terms such as “Combinatorics” or “Henry George?”
Enable repackaging and unbundling of resources by fine-grained topics
Answer questions like “To whom will the collection serve, e.g. for which school program, instructor, courses, etc.”
“ How well does the collection meet the need of faculty and at what cost?”

Business Scenario for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.2.a)

System Front End for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.3)

System Backend for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (Taxonomy Management Module) (4.4.a)
FocusOn Search application packages entail a stack of services:
Centralized catalog;
Handle media types in the catalog;
Named entities – Person, family, and corporate be linked and mashed up for obtaining the aboutness and of-ness of a person, locally and remotely via public available APIs on top of HTTP and/ ESBs within the private cloud computing network;
Other entities , e.g. concept, object, event, and geographic name;
Search facility - suggest spelling correction based on patterns, rules, keywords, phonics, synonyms, dictionary, and controlled vocabulary within one dialogue box in a single interface. It will also suggest categories that would facilitate discovery based on statistical analysis of queries, documents, user profiles and activities, usage, and vocabulary services consumed from other vocabulary service providers;
Google Map API for geographic name

System Backend for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (Taxonomy Management Module) (4.4.b)
Link user services, collection management, circulation, acquisitions, cataloging, and other processes across the units of Library and University Resources
Maintain taxonomy in conformance to institution and industry standards
The CategoryMap will manage category terms which can be in a form of concept, object, event and place, harmonized from subject terms:

Clustered by an application;
Looked up through controlled vocabulary such as LCSH, MESH, and AAT;
Tagged by user-defined terms;
Structured by LC and Dewey classification;
Referenced directly from fund expenditure structure in acquisitions;
Analyzed based on usage statistics reports aggregated from circulation, content suppliers, etc., and no. of documents/objects likely carrying the category term;
Managed in a knowledge base for vocabulary filtering, mapping, ETL, etc., and in a data warehouse for data mining;
The search facility will also handle query processing in relational database management systems and ontological database management systems;
Relationships between concepts, objects, events, and geographic names are constructed according to controlled vocabularies developed by LC, NLM, and Getty.

ER Diagram Adapted from RDA (Resource Description and Access) (4.5.b)

DFD (Data Flow Diagram) (4.6)

System Flow Chart for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.7.a)

System Flow Chart for FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (4.7.b)

System Flow for Data Movement of all Vocabularies

Role of Technical Services in FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (1)
Expand Content Selection to Unstructured Data on the Web
Leverage Named Entities Resolution Services Provided by OCLC WorldCat
Build Data Filters for Media and File Types
Build a Plug-in Reformat Utility
Build a Plug-in Meta-data Conversion Utility
Evaluate Change Management strategies, packages and techniques

Role of Technical Services in FocusOn Search and CategoryMap (2)
Parallel development
Global access to data
User engagement, behavior modeling & analysis
Leadership, communication, teamwork, collaboration, analytical skills, quality control, technology
Appropriate level of cataloging
Reuse 3rd-party bibliographic records
Promote new models of access through user experience
Integration, analysis, infrastructure

Duggan, J., & Stang, D. B. (2008). Magic quadrant for software change and configuration management for distributed platforms, 2008. Gartner RAS Core Research Note, G00153962 , 1-10.
Hoffer, J. A., George, J. F., & Valacich, J. S. (2008). Modern systems analysis and design (5th ed. ed., pp. 130-159). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
IMT (Information Management Team). “ER Diagram for RDA Taxonomy: High-Level Relationship Among Entities.” Available: http://www.rdaonline.org/ERDiagramRDA_24June2008.pdf
Inmon, W.H. “Architecting for Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing: Integrating the Structured and Unstructured Data World.” Data Warehouse Seminar ‘08, sponsored by Data Management Forum, Dec. 8, 2008
Xu, Amanda (2000). “Beyond Seamless Access: Meta-data in the Age of Content Integration” – presented and led the discussion forum at the Spring Program, Information Technology Interest Group of ACRL, New England Chapter, Univ. of Connecticut, May 26, 2000.
Xu, Amanda (2007). “Mending the Gap Between the Library’s Electronic and Print Collections on Library’s Web Site Using Semantic Web” – Presented for ExLibris Voyager End User Group Meeting, Chicago, Ill, April 19-20, 2007.
Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA. RDA Element Analysis. 26 Oct. 2008: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/docs/5rda-elementanalysisrev2.pdf

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