More investment in education and training in particular at upper and post-secondary level helps to stay ahead of our competitors. A benchmark of expenditure on upper and post-secondary education and training institutions between 1.5% and 2% of GDP might be considered. However, economic growth will not be fostered significantly if investment is restricted to elite groups. Raising general literacy levels and basic skills - also by VET - yields large economic gains. Therefore, investing in programmes targeted on those with low literacy skills is worthwhile, not only on equity grounds but also from an economic point of view.
In particular because of the high skill levels of the new Member States the EU on average is likely to achieve the Council benchmark of 85%. At present, a proportion of 77% has been reached on EU average. Most countries have upskilled their young people considerably. However, there are some countries - e.g. Denmark and Germany - where attainment rates have decreased since 1995.
Within a common European qualification reference framework sectoral efforts should focus on ensuring transparency and inter-sector mobility. With such a framework, sector initiatives can make a significant contribution to the Europeanisation of VET. The framework has the potential to become a common template, connecting national systems and enabling horizontal and vertical cross-sector initiatives to be compatible. If all measures of this framework are implemented, and if all actors are aware of the benefits of learning and training and increase their investments, to achieve the Council benchmark of 12% of adults to participate in lifelong learning by 2010 is not completely unrealistic.