Computer animation is the process of generating animated images using computer graphics. Modern computer animation typically uses 3D computer graphics. One of the earliest uses of computer animation was in the 1973 film Westworld, though the first 3D wireframe imagery was used in its sequel Futureworld in 1976. Creating computer animation involves constructing 3D models, sculpting them like clay, and programming or manually setting keyframed movement. While computer animation has advanced, photorealistic animation of humans remains a challenge, though movies like Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within attempted realistic humans.

1. Computer animation
Submitted to:-
Mr. Balraj singh grewal

2. Contents
• Computer animation
• Explanation
• History
• Methods of animating virtual characters
• Creating characters and objects on a
computer
• Computer animation development
equipment
• Modeling human faces
• Future

3. Computer animation
• Computer animation is the process
used for generating animated
images by using computer graphics.
The more general term computer
generated imagery encompasses
both static scenes and dynamic
images, while computer
animation only refers to moving
images.
• Modern computer animation usually
uses 3D computer graphics.

4. How to create

5. Explanation
• To trick the eye and brain into thinking
they are seeing a smoothly moving
object, the pictures should be drawn at
around 12 frames per second or faster
(a frame is one complete image). With
rates above 70 frames/s no
improvement in realism or smoothness
is perceivable due to the way the eye
and brain process images

6. History
• One of the earliest steps in the history of
computer animation was the 1973
movie Westworld, a science-fiction film
about a society in which robots live and
work among humans, though the first use
of 3D Wireframe imagery was in its sequel,
future world (1976), which featured a
computer-generated hand and face
created by then University of
Utah graduate students Edwin
Catmull and Fred Parke.

7. Methods of animating virtual
characters
• In most 3D computer animation systems, an
animator creates a simplified representation of
a character's anatomy, analogous to
a skeleton or stick figure. The position of each
segment of the skeletal model is defined
by animation variables, or Avatars. In human
and animal characters, many parts of the
skeletal model correspond to actual bones,
but skeletal animation is also used to animate
other things, such as facial features

9. Creating characters and objects
on a computer
• 3D computer animation combines 3D
models of objects and programmed or
hand "keyframed" movement. Models
are constructed out of geometrical
vertices, faces, and edges in a 3D
coordinate system. Objects are sculpted
much like real clay or plaster, working
from general forms to specific details
with various sculpting tools.

11. Computer animation
development equipment
• Computer animation can
be created with a
computer and animation
software. Some
impressive animation can
be achieved even with
basic programs,
the rendering can take a
lot of time on an ordinary
home computer.

12. Modeling human faces
• The modeling of human facial features
is both one of the most challenging and
sought after elements in computer-
generated imagery. Computer facial
animation is a highly complex field
where models typically include a very
large number of animation variables.

14. Future
• One open challenge in computer animation is a photorealistic
animation of humans.
• Currently, most computer-animated movies show animal
characters (A Bug's Life, Finding Nemo, Ice Age, Over the
Hedge, Open Season, Rio), fantasy characters (Monsters
Inc., Shrek, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 4, Monsters vs.
Aliens), anthropomorphic machines (Cars, WALL-E, Robots) or
cartoon-like humans (The Incredibles, Up).
• the movie Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within is often cited as the
first computer-generated movie to attempt to show realistic-
looking humans

15. Movies
• CGI short films have been produced
as independent animation since 1976, though
the popularity of computer animation
skyrocketed during the modern era of U.S.
animation. The first completely computer-
generated television series was ReBoot, in
1994, and the first completely computer-
generated animated movie was Toy
Story(1995).

16. Thank you