Learn about educational philosophies and take the movie quiz here - http://community.eflclassroom.com/profiles/blogs/what-is-your-philosophy-of-education
The document discusses the philosophy of perennialism as a teacher-centered approach to education. Perennialism focuses on transferring universal and immutable knowledge from teachers to students through the curriculum. It emphasizes instilling respect for authority and intellectual and moral development in students. The role of the teacher is to act as a director who delivers clear lectures and coaches students in critical thinking. Some prominent educational leaders associated with perennialism mentioned are Robert Maynard Hutchins, Mortimer J. Adler, and Jacques Maritain.
Idealism is one of the oldest philosophies that believes ideas are the true reality, not the material world which is imperfect and changing. The document discusses the key principles of idealism including that spirit and mind constitute reality, values are absolute, and truth cannot be found in the material world. It provides examples of important idealist philosophers from both Western and Indian traditions such as Plato, Descartes, and Aurobindo Ghosh. The metaphysics, axiology, and epistemology of idealism are also summarized.
Perennialism is a philosophy of education that emphasizes teaching classic works and timeless concepts to develop students' intellectual and moral qualities. [1] Classrooms are teacher-centered, with the teacher's role being to transfer knowledge and coach students in critical thinking. [2] The curriculum focuses on the great ideas of Western civilization found in subjects like history, literature, science, and religion. [3] Perennialists believe studying these enduring concepts through classic texts will help students gain life-long learning abilities and strengthen democracy.
Perennialism focuses on teaching principles rather than facts, and believes education should develop students' rational and moral powers. It recommends teaching liberal topics like humanities, arts, theology and history by having students read the great books of influential thinkers from the past. Perennialists believe this approach cultivates a sound personality and prepares students for lifelong learning and understanding universal truths. They stress teaching subjects like philosophy, languages, sciences and more that provide a well-rounded liberal arts education.
This document provides an overview of philosophy of education. It defines philosophy of education as the philosophical study of education and its problems. The document discusses several philosophies of education such as essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, naturalism, realism, idealism, humanism, pragmatism, and existentialism. For each philosophy, it provides 1-2 sentences on the core beliefs and 1-2 prominent proponents. It also analyzes the curricular focus and weaknesses of different schools of thought in philosophy of education.
This document outlines several philosophical foundations of curriculum: Naturalism aims to realize students' natural goodness through nature-aligned teaching. Idealism develops the mind through intellectual/moral focus. Realism prepares students for life's actual duties. Pragmatism develops students holistically through experience. Perennialism cultivates intellect. Essentialism promotes individual intellectual growth in subject areas. Progressivism promotes democratic living through active, social learning. Reconstructivism uses education to improve and change society.
1. The document discusses the philosophy of idealism and its views on education. Idealism believes that education helps one understand their true spiritual self and preserve cultural ideals.
2. The aims of education according to idealism are the exaltation of human personality, universal education, developing initiative and creative power, enriching culture, developing morality, and self-realization.
3. Idealism advocates for curriculum that develops the whole person through intellectual, physical, and spiritual activities. The teaching methods focus on self-activity and developing an appreciation for truth, goodness, and beauty.
Essentialism aims to teach all students basic knowledge, skills, and virtues through a common core curriculum. Essentialists believe the teacher's role is to impart essential knowledge as an expert through strategies like lecture and memorization, while students play a passive role by listening and trusting the teacher knows best. The goal is to prepare productive citizens by teaching traditional values and disciplines through the elementary focus on basic skills and secondary emphasis on disciplined knowledge.
The document discusses the philosophy of perennialism as a teacher-centered approach to education. Perennialism focuses on transferring universal and immutable knowledge from teachers to students through the curriculum. It emphasizes instilling respect for authority and intellectual and moral development in students. The role of the teacher is to act as a director who delivers clear lectures and coaches students in critical thinking. Some prominent educational leaders associated with perennialism mentioned are Robert Maynard Hutchins, Mortimer J. Adler, and Jacques Maritain.
Idealism is one of the oldest philosophies that believes ideas are the true reality, not the material world which is imperfect and changing. The document discusses the key principles of idealism including that spirit and mind constitute reality, values are absolute, and truth cannot be found in the material world. It provides examples of important idealist philosophers from both Western and Indian traditions such as Plato, Descartes, and Aurobindo Ghosh. The metaphysics, axiology, and epistemology of idealism are also summarized.
Perennialism is a philosophy of education that emphasizes teaching classic works and timeless concepts to develop students' intellectual and moral qualities. [1] Classrooms are teacher-centered, with the teacher's role being to transfer knowledge and coach students in critical thinking. [2] The curriculum focuses on the great ideas of Western civilization found in subjects like history, literature, science, and religion. [3] Perennialists believe studying these enduring concepts through classic texts will help students gain life-long learning abilities and strengthen democracy.
Perennialism focuses on teaching principles rather than facts, and believes education should develop students' rational and moral powers. It recommends teaching liberal topics like humanities, arts, theology and history by having students read the great books of influential thinkers from the past. Perennialists believe this approach cultivates a sound personality and prepares students for lifelong learning and understanding universal truths. They stress teaching subjects like philosophy, languages, sciences and more that provide a well-rounded liberal arts education.
This document provides an overview of philosophy of education. It defines philosophy of education as the philosophical study of education and its problems. The document discusses several philosophies of education such as essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, naturalism, realism, idealism, humanism, pragmatism, and existentialism. For each philosophy, it provides 1-2 sentences on the core beliefs and 1-2 prominent proponents. It also analyzes the curricular focus and weaknesses of different schools of thought in philosophy of education.
This document outlines several philosophical foundations of curriculum: Naturalism aims to realize students' natural goodness through nature-aligned teaching. Idealism develops the mind through intellectual/moral focus. Realism prepares students for life's actual duties. Pragmatism develops students holistically through experience. Perennialism cultivates intellect. Essentialism promotes individual intellectual growth in subject areas. Progressivism promotes democratic living through active, social learning. Reconstructivism uses education to improve and change society.
1. The document discusses the philosophy of idealism and its views on education. Idealism believes that education helps one understand their true spiritual self and preserve cultural ideals.
2. The aims of education according to idealism are the exaltation of human personality, universal education, developing initiative and creative power, enriching culture, developing morality, and self-realization.
3. Idealism advocates for curriculum that develops the whole person through intellectual, physical, and spiritual activities. The teaching methods focus on self-activity and developing an appreciation for truth, goodness, and beauty.
Essentialism aims to teach all students basic knowledge, skills, and virtues through a common core curriculum. Essentialists believe the teacher's role is to impart essential knowledge as an expert through strategies like lecture and memorization, while students play a passive role by listening and trusting the teacher knows best. The goal is to prepare productive citizens by teaching traditional values and disciplines through the elementary focus on basic skills and secondary emphasis on disciplined knowledge.
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION.pptxJarvenSaguin
1. The first philosophers were called Milesians or Ionians and emerged in the Greek city of Miletus.
2. Five major philosophies of education have prevailed throughout history: realism, idealism, pragmatism, existentialism, and naturalism.
3. Realism focuses on helping children understand and accept external demands, while idealism emphasizes developing students' internal understanding of ideals. Pragmatism concerns reflective thinking and problem-solving. Existentialism views education as an individual process and naturalism sees education as occurring in accordance with nature's laws.
This document provides an overview of idealism as a philosophy. It discusses key idealist philosophers like Plato, Hegel, Kant, and Berkeley. Idealism holds that ideas or spirituality constitute ultimate reality, rather than the physical world. The document outlines several key aspects of idealism, including that ideas are more important than objects, and that human personality and spiritual development are most important. It also discusses the aims of education from an idealist perspective, such as self-realization and cultivating truth, beauty, and goodness.
This document discusses humanism and its key proponents in education, including Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Malcolm Knowles. It outlines five principles of humanistic education: that students should choose what they learn; education should foster a desire to learn; grades are irrelevant and self-evaluation is most meaningful; objective tests don't provide sufficient feedback; and both feelings and knowledge are important to learning. The document also discusses implications of humanism for education programs to foster admiration of ancient cultures, intellectual wisdom, and respect for language.
This document discusses the philosophy of humanism and its educational implications. It defines humanism as a philosophy that places primary importance on human beings, their faculties, and well-being. Some key principles of humanism are that values shape history, great literature emphasizes important values, and that humans are rational beings capable of perfection. The aims of education under humanism are the cultivation of intellect, liberation of the mind, human perfection, and the welfare of all humanity. Humanism stresses respect for ancient cultures, freedom of expression, and the development of thinking power.
Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. Key existentialist philosophers discussed in the document include Søren Kierkegaard, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Albert Camus. According to existentialism, humans possess free will and must take responsibility for their own actions without reliance on predetermined essence or purpose. The existentialist view influences philosophy of education by promoting self-directed learning, creativity, and value of helping students understand themselves as unique individuals responsible for their own choices and existence.
This document discusses the philosophy of perennialism in education. It outlines the major exponents like Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler. The key points are that perennialism is a teacher-centered philosophy that focuses on enduring concepts and ideas that have lasted for centuries. It emphasizes a universal, core curriculum centered around great books and believes that human nature is permanent and unchanging. The role of the teacher is as an authority figure and role model, while students are expected to be obedient and learn in the same way through methods like memorization and drill. Criticisms of perennialism include that it is too focused on the past and ignores contemporary realities.
Philosophy provides a framework for curriculum planning, implementation, and evaluation by helping answer questions about the purpose of schools, important subjects, how students should learn, and appropriate materials and methods. A curriculum developer's philosophy reflects their life experiences, beliefs, background, and education. For example, John Dewey viewed education as a way of life and laboratory for testing philosophy. Philosophies like idealism, realism, and existentialism provide different perspectives on the role of the teacher, student, and school community.
John Dewey (1859-1952) was an American philosopher who was a leading proponent of pragmatism. Pragmatism is a philosophy that emphasizes practical experience over abstract theorizing. It focuses on what works over theoretical correctness. Key principles of pragmatism include giving importance to action and experience, believing in change and growth through interaction and environment, and focusing on means rather than ends. Pragmatism rejects metaphysics and believes knowledge comes from experience. It also believes values are determined by the consequences of actions. Pragmatism influenced progressive education by emphasizing learning by doing, integrating subjects, and using methods like the project method.
Social reconstructionism aims to "reconstruct" society through education to address social problems brought on by cultural crises. It emphasizes using education to create a better and more democratic society and world. Key figures who developed this theory saw education as a way to prepare students to critically examine institutions and enact social reform through compassion and technology. The purpose of schooling is to teach students to dream of improving society and train them to become agents of change. Curricula should reflect democratic values and civic education while engaging students in studying real social issues. The classroom environment promotes questioning assumptions and examining social issues through cooperative and active learning.
Naturalism is a philosophy that believes nature alone represents all of reality, with nothing existing beyond the natural world. In education, naturalism aims to provide maximum freedom and for education to follow the nature of each child. The key aims of education according to naturalism are self-expression, self-preservation, and the redirection and sublimation of instincts toward socially useful ends. Naturalism advocates for learning through direct experience and observation of the natural world. Teachers are to observe students' natural development rather than dictate what they learn.
This document discusses the philosophy of realism in education. It begins by noting that Aristotle is considered the father of realism. Realism took on new importance with the contributions of John Locke. Realism believes that all knowledge is derived from experience in the real world of nature, and that the universe is made up of matter and energy. Realists believe the world operates according to natural laws that can be discovered through scientific methods. Realism focuses education on equipping students with skills to understand and master the physical environment, and to adjust to approved social behaviors. Realism prioritizes subjects like science and math in the curriculum.
Friedrich Froebel is considered the founder of kindergarten. He was influenced by educators like Rousseau, Basedow, and Pestalozzi. Froebel believed education should lead children to understand their true nature as creative beings. His curriculum used gifts, occupations, and games to help children develop self-awareness and social skills.
Johann Herbart focused on moral education. He believed morality should be the center of education and identified five aspects of moral character. Herbart also proposed a model of teaching involving preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application.
Herbert Spencer believed in a utilitarian education to prepare children for adult life. He supported the idea of survival of the
Philosophy is the loving pursuit of wisdom and truth. It influences education by determining aims, curriculum, methods, and evaluation. Naturalism is a philosophy that believes only natural laws govern the world, excluding supernatural elements. It emphasizes the physical world and evolution. In education, it focuses on child-centered learning through activities, play, and exploration guided by the teacher. However, it lacks emphasis on ideals and spiritual values.
Reconstructionism is an educational philosophy that aims to use education to improve society and address social problems. It was developed in reaction to World War II and focuses on empowering students to envision a better future and prepare for roles in bringing about positive social change. Reconstructionism emphasizes using curricula focused on civic duties, ethics, and real-world issues to develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Teachers act as facilitators and social change agents rather than just instructors. Student evaluation is based on their ability to be social activists rather than test scores. However, critics argue that reconstructionism lacks detail on implementation and may be more relevant at advanced education levels.
Nursing Education - Philosophy of Education
Philosophy means “love of wisdom.” Philosophy and education are closely interrelated. Education is application of philosophy or philosophy of education is applied philosophy. It is the application of philosophy to study of the problems of education that is known as philosophy of education.
The document discusses several philosophies of education including Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, and Behaviorism. Perennialism believes in eternal truths and values that are taught through great works and classics. Essentialism focuses on teaching core academic subjects and basic skills needed for adult life. Progressivism emphasizes student-centered, experiential learning tailored to students' interests and abilities. Existentialism prioritizes developing the whole person and helping students accept responsibility for their own choices and lives. Behaviorism views learning as observable changes in behavior through stimuli and responses.
This document discusses various teaching methods and strategies. It categorizes methods as either direct or indirect approaches. Direct approaches include deductive, showing, expository, demonstration, concept teaching, and reporting methods. These are teacher-centered and aim for mastery of skills and content. Indirect approaches are learner-centered and generate knowledge through experience with teacher guidance. Specific steps and techniques are outlined for each method.
Progressivism is an educational theory that believes students learn best through experiences that they find relevant to their own lives. Students pursue their interests and learn through social interaction. John Dewey was a key proponent, believing learning happens best through real-world experiences rather than just books. The goals of progressivism are for students to become intelligent problem solvers and socially aware citizens. Teachers focus on group work, projects, and relating lessons to students' future needs rather than standardized tests.
Nature, Scope & Importance of Philosophy of EducationPaul De Las Alas
The document discusses the nature, scope and importance of the philosophy of education. It begins by defining key terms like philosophy, reality, ultimate truth, immediate truth, education, and philosophy of education. It then examines how philosophy is understood and its aims to achieve a comprehensive worldview. The document outlines how philosophy of education should consider both the individual and society. It also discusses how educational philosophy influences areas like the aims of education, curriculum, teaching methods, and theories of discipline. Finally, it presents factors to consider in formulating a Filipino philosophy of education such as the purpose of education and the roles of students, teachers and community.
This document discusses the educational philosophy of essentialism. It defines essentialism as believing students should learn basic traditional subjects thoroughly to function in society. Essentialists think education involves mastering core skills and subjects, with teacher-centered classrooms where teachers are moral and intellectual models. The document also examines essentialism's views on knowledge, values, individuals and society, and its core principles which emphasize hard work, teacher initiative, social environment influences, and mental discipline methods.
This document discusses several philosophies of education including essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism. It provides an overview of each philosophy's perspective on why we teach, what we teach, and how we teach. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and knowledge, progressivism emphasizes experiential learning and problem-solving, perennialism centers on developing rational thinking through great books, existentialism supports self-directed learning to understand one's self, and behaviorism arranges environments to shape responses to stimuli. The document also briefly mentions other philosophies like reconstructionism and examines which philosophies influence existing educational systems.
The document discusses the evolution of math education approaches from empiricism to progressivism and constructivism. Empiricism focused on teacher-centered lecture and memorization, but this did not develop problem-solving skills. Pragmatism recognized the need for change to engage students. Progressivism made learning child-centered and interactive. Constructivism involves students through complex problems, reflection, and making their own conclusions. The author's experience transitioning from empiricism to embracing approaches like Complex Instruction that engage students in collaborative problem-solving.
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION.pptxJarvenSaguin
1. The first philosophers were called Milesians or Ionians and emerged in the Greek city of Miletus.
2. Five major philosophies of education have prevailed throughout history: realism, idealism, pragmatism, existentialism, and naturalism.
3. Realism focuses on helping children understand and accept external demands, while idealism emphasizes developing students' internal understanding of ideals. Pragmatism concerns reflective thinking and problem-solving. Existentialism views education as an individual process and naturalism sees education as occurring in accordance with nature's laws.
This document provides an overview of idealism as a philosophy. It discusses key idealist philosophers like Plato, Hegel, Kant, and Berkeley. Idealism holds that ideas or spirituality constitute ultimate reality, rather than the physical world. The document outlines several key aspects of idealism, including that ideas are more important than objects, and that human personality and spiritual development are most important. It also discusses the aims of education from an idealist perspective, such as self-realization and cultivating truth, beauty, and goodness.
This document discusses humanism and its key proponents in education, including Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Malcolm Knowles. It outlines five principles of humanistic education: that students should choose what they learn; education should foster a desire to learn; grades are irrelevant and self-evaluation is most meaningful; objective tests don't provide sufficient feedback; and both feelings and knowledge are important to learning. The document also discusses implications of humanism for education programs to foster admiration of ancient cultures, intellectual wisdom, and respect for language.
This document discusses the philosophy of humanism and its educational implications. It defines humanism as a philosophy that places primary importance on human beings, their faculties, and well-being. Some key principles of humanism are that values shape history, great literature emphasizes important values, and that humans are rational beings capable of perfection. The aims of education under humanism are the cultivation of intellect, liberation of the mind, human perfection, and the welfare of all humanity. Humanism stresses respect for ancient cultures, freedom of expression, and the development of thinking power.
Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. Key existentialist philosophers discussed in the document include Søren Kierkegaard, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Albert Camus. According to existentialism, humans possess free will and must take responsibility for their own actions without reliance on predetermined essence or purpose. The existentialist view influences philosophy of education by promoting self-directed learning, creativity, and value of helping students understand themselves as unique individuals responsible for their own choices and existence.
This document discusses the philosophy of perennialism in education. It outlines the major exponents like Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler. The key points are that perennialism is a teacher-centered philosophy that focuses on enduring concepts and ideas that have lasted for centuries. It emphasizes a universal, core curriculum centered around great books and believes that human nature is permanent and unchanging. The role of the teacher is as an authority figure and role model, while students are expected to be obedient and learn in the same way through methods like memorization and drill. Criticisms of perennialism include that it is too focused on the past and ignores contemporary realities.
Philosophy provides a framework for curriculum planning, implementation, and evaluation by helping answer questions about the purpose of schools, important subjects, how students should learn, and appropriate materials and methods. A curriculum developer's philosophy reflects their life experiences, beliefs, background, and education. For example, John Dewey viewed education as a way of life and laboratory for testing philosophy. Philosophies like idealism, realism, and existentialism provide different perspectives on the role of the teacher, student, and school community.
John Dewey (1859-1952) was an American philosopher who was a leading proponent of pragmatism. Pragmatism is a philosophy that emphasizes practical experience over abstract theorizing. It focuses on what works over theoretical correctness. Key principles of pragmatism include giving importance to action and experience, believing in change and growth through interaction and environment, and focusing on means rather than ends. Pragmatism rejects metaphysics and believes knowledge comes from experience. It also believes values are determined by the consequences of actions. Pragmatism influenced progressive education by emphasizing learning by doing, integrating subjects, and using methods like the project method.
Social reconstructionism aims to "reconstruct" society through education to address social problems brought on by cultural crises. It emphasizes using education to create a better and more democratic society and world. Key figures who developed this theory saw education as a way to prepare students to critically examine institutions and enact social reform through compassion and technology. The purpose of schooling is to teach students to dream of improving society and train them to become agents of change. Curricula should reflect democratic values and civic education while engaging students in studying real social issues. The classroom environment promotes questioning assumptions and examining social issues through cooperative and active learning.
Naturalism is a philosophy that believes nature alone represents all of reality, with nothing existing beyond the natural world. In education, naturalism aims to provide maximum freedom and for education to follow the nature of each child. The key aims of education according to naturalism are self-expression, self-preservation, and the redirection and sublimation of instincts toward socially useful ends. Naturalism advocates for learning through direct experience and observation of the natural world. Teachers are to observe students' natural development rather than dictate what they learn.
This document discusses the philosophy of realism in education. It begins by noting that Aristotle is considered the father of realism. Realism took on new importance with the contributions of John Locke. Realism believes that all knowledge is derived from experience in the real world of nature, and that the universe is made up of matter and energy. Realists believe the world operates according to natural laws that can be discovered through scientific methods. Realism focuses education on equipping students with skills to understand and master the physical environment, and to adjust to approved social behaviors. Realism prioritizes subjects like science and math in the curriculum.
Friedrich Froebel is considered the founder of kindergarten. He was influenced by educators like Rousseau, Basedow, and Pestalozzi. Froebel believed education should lead children to understand their true nature as creative beings. His curriculum used gifts, occupations, and games to help children develop self-awareness and social skills.
Johann Herbart focused on moral education. He believed morality should be the center of education and identified five aspects of moral character. Herbart also proposed a model of teaching involving preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application.
Herbert Spencer believed in a utilitarian education to prepare children for adult life. He supported the idea of survival of the
Philosophy is the loving pursuit of wisdom and truth. It influences education by determining aims, curriculum, methods, and evaluation. Naturalism is a philosophy that believes only natural laws govern the world, excluding supernatural elements. It emphasizes the physical world and evolution. In education, it focuses on child-centered learning through activities, play, and exploration guided by the teacher. However, it lacks emphasis on ideals and spiritual values.
Reconstructionism is an educational philosophy that aims to use education to improve society and address social problems. It was developed in reaction to World War II and focuses on empowering students to envision a better future and prepare for roles in bringing about positive social change. Reconstructionism emphasizes using curricula focused on civic duties, ethics, and real-world issues to develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Teachers act as facilitators and social change agents rather than just instructors. Student evaluation is based on their ability to be social activists rather than test scores. However, critics argue that reconstructionism lacks detail on implementation and may be more relevant at advanced education levels.
Nursing Education - Philosophy of Education
Philosophy means “love of wisdom.” Philosophy and education are closely interrelated. Education is application of philosophy or philosophy of education is applied philosophy. It is the application of philosophy to study of the problems of education that is known as philosophy of education.
The document discusses several philosophies of education including Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, and Behaviorism. Perennialism believes in eternal truths and values that are taught through great works and classics. Essentialism focuses on teaching core academic subjects and basic skills needed for adult life. Progressivism emphasizes student-centered, experiential learning tailored to students' interests and abilities. Existentialism prioritizes developing the whole person and helping students accept responsibility for their own choices and lives. Behaviorism views learning as observable changes in behavior through stimuli and responses.
This document discusses various teaching methods and strategies. It categorizes methods as either direct or indirect approaches. Direct approaches include deductive, showing, expository, demonstration, concept teaching, and reporting methods. These are teacher-centered and aim for mastery of skills and content. Indirect approaches are learner-centered and generate knowledge through experience with teacher guidance. Specific steps and techniques are outlined for each method.
Progressivism is an educational theory that believes students learn best through experiences that they find relevant to their own lives. Students pursue their interests and learn through social interaction. John Dewey was a key proponent, believing learning happens best through real-world experiences rather than just books. The goals of progressivism are for students to become intelligent problem solvers and socially aware citizens. Teachers focus on group work, projects, and relating lessons to students' future needs rather than standardized tests.
Nature, Scope & Importance of Philosophy of EducationPaul De Las Alas
The document discusses the nature, scope and importance of the philosophy of education. It begins by defining key terms like philosophy, reality, ultimate truth, immediate truth, education, and philosophy of education. It then examines how philosophy is understood and its aims to achieve a comprehensive worldview. The document outlines how philosophy of education should consider both the individual and society. It also discusses how educational philosophy influences areas like the aims of education, curriculum, teaching methods, and theories of discipline. Finally, it presents factors to consider in formulating a Filipino philosophy of education such as the purpose of education and the roles of students, teachers and community.
This document discusses the educational philosophy of essentialism. It defines essentialism as believing students should learn basic traditional subjects thoroughly to function in society. Essentialists think education involves mastering core skills and subjects, with teacher-centered classrooms where teachers are moral and intellectual models. The document also examines essentialism's views on knowledge, values, individuals and society, and its core principles which emphasize hard work, teacher initiative, social environment influences, and mental discipline methods.
This document discusses several philosophies of education including essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism. It provides an overview of each philosophy's perspective on why we teach, what we teach, and how we teach. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and knowledge, progressivism emphasizes experiential learning and problem-solving, perennialism centers on developing rational thinking through great books, existentialism supports self-directed learning to understand one's self, and behaviorism arranges environments to shape responses to stimuli. The document also briefly mentions other philosophies like reconstructionism and examines which philosophies influence existing educational systems.
The document discusses the evolution of math education approaches from empiricism to progressivism and constructivism. Empiricism focused on teacher-centered lecture and memorization, but this did not develop problem-solving skills. Pragmatism recognized the need for change to engage students. Progressivism made learning child-centered and interactive. Constructivism involves students through complex problems, reflection, and making their own conclusions. The author's experience transitioning from empiricism to embracing approaches like Complex Instruction that engage students in collaborative problem-solving.
The document discusses the relationship between philosophy and education. It states that philosophy provides the foundation and guiding principles for education, and that education is the application of philosophical beliefs. The document outlines several philosophies of education such as idealism and naturalism, and how they influence aspects of the education system like curriculum, teaching methods, and the role of the teacher. Overall, the document emphasizes that philosophy and education are interdependent, with philosophy answering fundamental questions about the purpose and goals of education.
The document discusses the role and scope of philosophy of education. Philosophy of education aims to harmonize old and new traditions in education by recognizing that not all old ways are outdated and not all new ways are perfect. It provides guidance to educational leaders by interpreting human nature, aims of education, and the relationship between education and society. The philosophy of education also critically evaluates different views of education and aims to arrive at balanced conclusions about educational values and theories of knowledge.
The document discusses key topics in philosophy and educational philosophy. It defines philosophy as the study of fundamental problems regarding existence, knowledge, values, and language. The main areas of philosophy are described as epistemology, logic, metaphysics, ethics and aesthetics. Educational philosophy is defined as the philosophical study of education, its aims, methods and results. Educational philosophy can take speculative, normative or analytic approaches. Common methods in educational philosophy are the didactic method, involving a teacher presenting models for contemplation, and the dialectic method, involving a Socratic pursuit of truth through questioning.
A biographical ppt providing a complete account of the life and times of Albert Einstein including his childhood,major achievements and controversies,etc
www.christopher-pappas.com
John Dewey’s “Educational Progressivism”
Objectives:
Who was John Dewey?
What does Educational Progressivism means?
What is the purpose of education?
John Dewey
(0ctober 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952)
American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer
Founder of philosophical school of Pragmatism
Father of Functional Psychology
Educational Progressivism
Educational Progressivism
The main principle of educational progressivism is that humans are social animals who learn best in real-time activities.
Instructors should focus on providing students with the necessary skills and knowledge to survive and to succeed in our competitive society.
Strong emphasis on problem-based learning to develop problem solving and analysis skills (For example, instructor posing questions the exercise students’ minds in a practical manner)
The purpose of education is to enhance individual effectiveness in society and give learners’ practical knowledge and problem-solving skills.
Based on John Dewey's model of learning instructors should:
Become aware of the goal,
Define the objectives,
Propose hypotheses to achieve the goal,
Evaluate the consequences of the hypotheses from one's past experience, and
Test the most likely solution
This document discusses the educational philosophy of progressivism. It is grounded in pragmatism and focuses on real-world problem solving and individual development. Key aspects of progressivism include learning through experience, a dynamic view of knowledge, and sensitivity to individual learners' interests and styles. The document outlines how progressivism influences curriculum design, emphasizing methodology over content and outcomes. It also reviews critiques of progressivism and its interpretation and implementation in various works.
The document outlines the key aspects of progressivism in education, including the focus on student-centered and interactive learning. It discusses progressivism in elementary school through college, with an aim of promoting democratic and social living. Teaching methods emphasize learning centers, cooperative learning, and student-led discussion, while the curriculum focuses on interdisciplinary and integrated subjects that are relevant to students' interests and human affairs.
Essentialism is an educational theory that believes there is a common core of knowledge that should be provided to all students in order to participate fully in society. It emphasizes a rigorous, teacher-centered approach where students learn established fundamentals through traditional academic subjects like literature, philosophy, science, and mathematics in a systematic way. Essentialists believe education should focus on imparting essential knowledge and developing character, with students trusting the teacher knows best and focusing on learning from them.
Realism is a philosophy that believes objects have a real existence independent of perception. The key aspects of realism in education are:
1. Knowledge comes from the senses and experience of real objects in the world.
2. Education should prepare students for real life by teaching practical skills and vocational subjects.
3. Teachers should use objects, observations, experiments and inductive reasoning to help students learn from their own experiences.
This document provides an overview of definitions related to philosophy and the philosophy of man. It discusses:
- Two types of definitions - nominal (based on name) and real (based on essence). Real definitions can be intrinsic (essential or descriptive) or extrinsic (based on origin, cause, purpose).
- Pre-Socratic views of human nature including that man has water, air, or fire essence. Pythagoras viewed man as body and immortal soul.
- Socrates defined man as a being that thinks and wills, emphasizing the attitudinal level of human nature over the somatic.
The document discusses different perspectives on realism and its role in education. It covers classical realists like Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, modern realists such as Francis Bacon and John Locke, and contemporary realists including Alfred Whitehead, Bertrand Russell, Hilary Putnam, and John Searle. Realism in education aims to help students understand the material world through inquiry, science, and essential knowledge. Teachers play an important role in presenting curricula in a systematic, organized way to help students acquire the knowledge needed to survive.
The document discusses the philosophy of realism and its implications for education. It outlines four forms of realism - scholastic, humanistic, social, and sense-realism. Key philosophers discussed include Aristotle, Aquinas, Bacon, and Locke. Realism holds that the external world exists independently of the mind and can be understood through observation and experience. In education, realism emphasizes understanding the material world, a practical curriculum focused on science and culture, and developing the whole person.
This document provides an overview of philosophy of the human person and existentialism. It discusses how philosophy begins in wonder and aims to understand human life and reality as a whole. Existentialism emphasizes the individual's existence and freedom over rationalism. While existentialist philosophies diverge, they commonly focus on humans as actors and subjects rather than objects, and stress existence as situatedness and freedom in different ways. The document explores various existentialist thinkers like Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre, and their views on authentic versus inauthentic existence.
Learn about educational philosophies and take the movie quiz here - http://community.eflclassroom.com/profiles/blogs/what-is-your-philosophy-of-education
Philosophies of Education (Group 6).pptxJoyAnnAlicer
This document outlines several educational philosophies:
1. Perennialism focuses on universal truths and a classical curriculum to develop intellect.
2. Idealism sees education as spiritual development of the mind and soul.
3. Realism believes education should prepare students for the real world through organized subject matter.
4. Experimentalism emphasizes experiential learning and problem-solving to adapt to societal changes.
5. Existentialism views education as cultivating awareness of individual freedom and responsibility.
6. Naturalism advocates learning directly from nature without rigid discipline.
7. Socialism and communism incorporate aspects of naturalism but emphasize societal roles and class struggles.
8. Fascism stresses strength
Philosophical foundations and theories of educationArneyo
The document discusses several philosophical foundations and theories of education including idealism, realism, existentialism, and pragmatism. It provides an overview of each theory's view on the purpose of education, the role of the teacher, methods of instruction, and curriculum. It also discusses eclecticism as drawing from multiple theories and humanistic approaches focused on respecting students, meeting their needs, and facilitating self-actualization. The document seeks to outline major educational philosophies and approaches to understanding the purpose and practice of education.
Educ 101 power point philosophical foundationsEmiaj Junior
This document discusses several philosophical foundations and theories of education including idealism, realism, existentialism, pragmatism, and eclecticism. It provides an overview of each theory's view on the purpose of education, the role of the teacher, methods of instruction, and curriculum. For example, it states that idealism sees the goal of education as a search for truth through ideas rather than the examination of the material world, realism aims to equip students with information to understand current events, and pragmatism believes the primary goal is growth and that education should prepare students for life. The document also discusses humanism and different approaches within educational philosophies.
The document provides definitions and comparisons of different educational philosophies including essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, constructivism, behaviorism, reconstructionism, existentialism, and eclecticism. It defines each philosophy's views on why and how to teach as well as what content to teach. A comparison chart then outlines the differences between traditional and contemporary approaches across categories such as philosophical orientation, theoretical orientation, educational values, processes, focus, curriculum, learning, grouping, teachers, students, direction, and citizenship. References are provided at the end.
Humanist approaches to education website versionsehl050
This document discusses humanist approaches to education and learning. Some key points:
- Humanism emphasizes studying the whole person and their uniqueness. It focuses on inner feelings and self-concept.
- Rogers believed in supportive learning environments where teachers work with students to achieve agreed goals so students love learning.
- Knowles proposed 6 principles of adult learning: need/reason for learning, self-concept, experience, readiness, problem-solving, and motivation.
- Humanism values learner autonomy, experience, problem-solving and intrinsic motivation over rote learning and external rewards. It aims to understand individuals and facilitate active, self-directed learning.
This document discusses the educational philosophy of perennialism. Perennialism believes that truth is universal and unchanging, and therefore education should also be universal and focus on developing rational thought. The curriculum emphasizes subjects like history, literature, and the sciences that cultivate rational thinking skills. Teachers are seen as scholars who guide students towards understanding eternal truths through discussions of great books and works. While teacher-centered, perennialism aims to develop students' intellectual and moral capacities through engagement with classic texts that explore fundamental human experiences.
This document discusses the educational philosophy of perennialism. Perennialism believes that truth is universal and constant, and therefore education should also be universal and focus on developing rational thought. The curriculum emphasizes subjects like history, literature, and the sciences that cultivate rational thinking skills. Teachers are seen as scholars who guide students towards understanding eternal truths through discussions of great works. While teacher-centered, perennialism aims to develop students' intellectual abilities through engagement with classic texts.
This document discusses several philosophical foundations and theories of education, including idealism, realism, existentialism, and pragmatism. It provides an overview of each philosophy's views on the purpose of education, the role of the teacher, methods of instruction, and curriculum. The document also discusses eclecticism as synthesizing different philosophies. Finally, it contrasts the philosophies of education schools and humanistic schools. The key ideas covered include a focus on ideas over senses, empirically proven facts, individual choice and responsibility, problem solving and experience, and meeting individual needs through facilitation.
Educ 101- power point PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS(1).pptxRandyValenzuela6
The document discusses four primary educational philosophies: idealism, realism, existentialism, and pragmatism. It provides an overview of each philosophy's views on the nature of reality, the purpose of education, the role of the teacher, methods of instruction, and curriculum. For idealism, reality consists of perfect ideas and truths, education aims to search for truth through ideas and questioning. Realism believes reality is made up of natural laws and facts, and education develops skills through objective methods. Existentialism focuses on individuality and empowering choices, while pragmatism sees education as growth through solving problems in life.
Copy of LET-PROF-ED-PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS and THEORIES OF EDUCATION.pptPrincessRivera22
The document discusses four primary educational philosophies: idealism, realism, existentialism, and pragmatism. It provides an overview of each philosophy's views on the nature of reality, the purpose of education, the role of the teacher, methods of instruction, and curriculum. For idealism, reality consists of perfect ideas and truths, education aims to search for truth through ideas and questioning, and the teacher guides students in dialectical discussion. For realism, reality comprises natural laws and facts proven through experience, education develops skills and disciplines, and the teacher presents clear subject matter instruction. Existentialism believes individuals create their own meaning and education fosters individuality and choice. Pragmatism sees reality as constantly
This document discusses curriculum design and development. It defines curriculum in various ways and describes different types of curriculum, including overt, hidden, null, and internal curriculum. It also outlines approaches to curriculum like idealism, realism, essentialism, and existentialism. The document discusses the stages of curriculum development like planning, preparing, designing, and evaluating. It provides examples of curriculum at different levels like medical, Indian school, and vocational curriculum. It also outlines determinants and design factors that influence curriculum development.
This document discusses curriculum design and development. It defines curriculum in various ways and describes different types of curriculum, including overt, hidden, null, and internal curriculum. It also outlines approaches to curriculum like idealism, realism, essentialism, and existentialism. The document discusses the stages of curriculum development like planning, preparing, designing, and evaluating. It provides examples of curriculum at different levels like medical, Indian school, and vocational curriculum. It also outlines determinants and design factors that influence curriculum development.
The document discusses the history of education in America during the colonial period from 1642-1776. It explains that the earliest schools in Massachusetts colonies were started by Puritan settlers and focused on religious education, with the main goal being to teach children to read passages from the Bible. The schools emphasized Puritan church doctrines and religious discipline. This established the foundation for the early history of education in America during the colonial period.
1) The document discusses several philosophies of education including existentialism, essentialism, behaviorism, perennialism, progressivism, and constructivism.
2) Each philosophy has a distinct view on why and what to teach. For example, existentialism focuses on helping students understand themselves while essentialism emphasizes basic skills.
3) The teaching methods also differ between philosophies, such as behaviorism using reinforcement and progressivism employing hands-on learning.
This document discusses different philosophies of education including essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism. It provides descriptions of each philosophy's view on why we teach, what we teach, and how we teach. Key aspects include essentialism focusing on basic skills, progressivism emphasizing experiential learning, perennialism using the great books approach, existentialism allowing student choice, and behaviorism modifying behavior through environmental stimuli. The document then matches statements and educational practices to the philosophies they are associated with.
This document discusses different educational philosophies: essentialism values transmitting core knowledge systematically; progressivism focuses on experiential learning; perennialism teaches enduring knowledge; existentialism helps students understand themselves; behaviorism modifies behavior; linguistic philosophy develops communication skills; and constructivism teaches learning processes and knowledge construction through experience. The teacher's role varies depending on their philosophy from being the authority that transmits knowledge to facilitating student-centered experiential learning.
The document discusses philosophical foundations of education and key concepts of general philosophies. It provides an overview of philosophies like idealism, pragmatism, existentialism, and realism. For each philosophy, it outlines assumptions, the role of the teacher and school, character development approach, and curricular emphasis. The document also discusses areas of philosophy like aesthetics, ethics, and metaphysics. It provides sources that inform one's educational philosophy like life experiences, values, and awareness of philosophical approaches.
The document discusses the Reggio Emilia educational philosophy, which views children as capable individuals and focuses on preschool and primary education using a child-centered approach. It emphasizes that learning in the Reggio Emilia schools reflects a constructivist approach and challenges traditional views of teacher competence. The philosophy solicits multiple perspectives from parents, teachers, and children to determine the direction of the school.
Hand gestures can communicate in different ways without words. Some gestures include counting on fingers to indicate numbers, a little hand motion when asking for a small amount of milk in coffee, snapping fingers to urge someone to hurry up, pushing fingers together to appear confident, chest thumping to show being strong and loyal, covering the mouth to express surprise, and blowing a kiss to say "I love you."
Learning is important as it allows people to gain new skills everyday through various means such as reading books, listening to others, and going to school where students learn subjects like math, reading, and painting with help from teachers. Learning can occur at home, school, or on the job, and while it sometimes requires practice when learning new skills, learning is an ongoing process that can also be an enjoyable experience.
Tips and Advice to maintain your health and wellness when teaching remotely / from home. Full description at the blog post. https://eltbuzz.com/staying-teacher-healthy/
This document provides a summary of an individual's background and qualifications. They list their life philosophy, strengths, education history, work experience, references, and publications. Their most proud accomplishments include the courage and persistence they showed through difficult times and their personal growth.
The document provides 15 best practices for online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. It recommends consulting educational technology professionals to ensure quality, designing lessons for blended synchronous and asynchronous learning, and ensuring all students have equal access to necessary technology and materials. It also stresses the importance of clear expectations, schedules, accessibility for students, and a commitment to continual professional development for teachers as online education requires adapting to changing technologies.
Slack is a communication and management platform that can be used as a learning management system, allowing teachers to communicate with students, assign and view work, and integrate other tools like Zoom and Google Docs through different channels that organize class topics; it is free to use for an unlimited number of people and offers various pricing plans for additional features; the document provides instructions on setting up a Slack workspace for a class, establishing channels, inviting students, integrating apps, and using Slack's features for teaching.
Slack is a communication tool that allows for integration with services like Google Docs and Zoom. It provides private messaging and is accessible via mobile apps. Slack facilitates efficient communication between educators and students through instant notifications. Setting up a Slack account is easy and only requires completing basic signup steps. Slack can be used as an educational tool by creating channels for different topics to keep communications organized. It allows large groups to communicate in one place and is praised for its customization options and ability to archive interactions over time.
This document contains lyrics to several classic children's songs, including "I've Been Working on the Railroad," "London Bridge," "Kumbaya," "Itsy Bitsy Spider," and others. The songs cover a range of topics from work, bridges, religion, nature, and fun hand clapping games. Many of the songs repeat refrains or have call-and-response elements in their lyrics.
These vocabulary worksheets include activities like matching words to definitions or pictures, drawing and labeling pictures, writing words from memory, and brainstorming related words to build vocabulary knowledge on various topics. There are worksheets designed for researching and testing vocabulary with answer keys provided to check understanding.
Subscribers can access all the lesson materials for each day of the month and these activities on ELT Buzz Teaching Resources. https://resources.eltbuzz.com/
This document outlines the author's educational philosophy, which emphasizes the individuality and experience of each learner. Some key points:
- Knowledge is personal and filtered through individual experience. The teacher's role is to compel students to engage with the world and know themselves.
- All people have the capacity to teach as well as learn. The true role of a teacher is to help students realize their own abilities as teachers.
- The progressive approach puts the student first. The teacher aims to transform society by helping students realize their potential through ongoing learning without walls.
- While having student freedom at its core, the author's philosophy is also pragmatic and utopian, viewing teaching as a calling beyond a job. The
Discussion and email exchange with Michael Griffin about using video in the English language classroom. First appeared in the KOTESOL publication - The English Connection.
The document calls for a new approach to developing English fluency in teachers who teach English as a second language. It argues that teachers need specific English language skills and knowledge related to teaching, not just general fluency. A proposed solution is a "Teaching English in English" course that teaches the classroom-related English vocabulary, expressions, and language teachers need to effectively teach in English. The course would provide situated practice opportunities for teachers to learn and demonstrate their English teaching skills.
The very best photos of all time. With commentary and background. Purchase ppt and more resources for making a lesson with these here - https://payhip.com/b/RxS3
20+ countries highlighted and students use the templates to research and present about their country. A perfect geography based lesson and presentation project. https://payhip.com/b/m3n9
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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3. Educational Philosophy
• A set of values and beliefs about
education that guide the professional
behavior of educators
It asks -
What is the purpose of education?
13. Guess the philosophy!
Click and play each scene. Note down the educational philosophy you
think it is. Then check and discuss.
14. Philosophies of Education
AT THE MOVIES
Perennialism Progressivism
Social
Reconstructivism Existentialism
Essentialism
15. Perennialism
• Develop the minds of rationale beings to
control our emotions
• Basic subject matter and “great works” are at
the center – not the student
• Human nature consistent so we should all
have / experience the same core education
• The teacher knows, the student shows (what
they know)
Further Reading
16. Perennialism
A curriculum focused upon
fundamental subject areas, but
stressing that the overall aim should
be exposure to history's finest thinkers
as models for discovery. The student
should be taught such basic subjects
as English, languages, history,
mathematics, natural science,
philosophy, and fine arts.
Character / Liberal education / Tradition
17. Alfred Adler
• “There are thousands of degrees and
variations, but it is always clearly the
attitude of a person who finds his
superiority in solving the complications of
others.”
Idealism / Character / Plato / Liberalism
18. Plato
• 'And once we have given our community a good
start,' I pointed out, ' the process will be
cumulative. By maintaining a sound system of
education you produce citizens of good
character, and citizens of sound character, with
the advantage of a good education, produce in
turn children better than themselves and better
able to produce still better children in their turn,
as can be seen with animals.'
19. Essentialism
• The school’s task is to teach mastery
over a set core of “basic knowledge”.
• Learning is hard work. Must drill,
memorize, “know” the content.
• The teacher is all knowing and the
disciplinarian controlling the curriculum
and students. Further Reading
20. Essentialism
• “Everything that ever has been always will
be, and everything that ever will be always
has been.”
- Kurt Vonnegut
Realism / Canon / Truth /
21. Essentialism
• A conservative stance to education that
strives to teach students the knowledge of
our society and civilization through a core
curriculum.
• to promote reasoning, train the mind, and
ensure a common culture for all citizens
22. Albert Einstein
• There are only a few enlightened people with a
lucid mind and style and with good taste within a
century. What has been preserved of their work
belongs among the most precious possessions
of mankind. We owe it to a few writers of
antiquity (Plato, Aristotle, etc.) that the people in
the Middle Ages could slowly extricate
themselves from the superstitions and ignorance
that had darkened life for more than half a
millennium. Nothing is more needed to
overcome the modernist's snobbishness than to
read the original great minds.
24. Progressivism
• The student’s world is the focus and
starting point of education.
• Learning is an active, democratic and
social process. Knowledge is
constructed by the student as they
experiment and solve problems.
• The teacher is a facilitator and guide.
School is a reflection of the wider world.
Further Reading
25. Progressivism
• The student’s world is the focus and
starting point of education.
• Whole Child focus
• Active rather than passive learning.
Experimentation, discovery
Constructivism / Experimentalism / Pragmatism / Bruner
26. Maria Montessori
• “We cannot know the consequences of
suppressing a child's spontaneity when he is just
beginning to be active. We may even suffocate
life itself. That humanity which is revealed in all
its intellectual splendor during the sweet and
tender age of childhood should be respected
with a kind of religious veneration. It is like the
sun which appears at dawn or a flower just
beginning to bloom. Education cannot be
effective unless it helps a child to open up
himself to life.”
27. Social Reconstructivism
• Schools should be “change agents”
and educate students about their place
in the world and how to change the
world.
• Community based learning, addressing
real problems
• Social action, critical thinking, praxis
Further Reading
30. Social Reconstructivism
• Communal and cultural focus.
• We are social beings.
• Challenge the conventional world and
discover one’s own place and freedom.
• Active participation in the change of the
world.
31. Paolo Freire
• “Education either functions as an
instrument which is used to facilitate
integration of the younger generation into
the logic of the present system and bring
about conformity or it becomes the
practice of freedom, the means by which
men and women deal critically and
creatively with reality and discover how to
participate in the transformation of their
world.”
33. Existentialism
• Focus on the experiences of each
individual, personal growth
• A search for meaning
• Raise the personal awareness of students
towards their existence as
“free agents”
Humanism / Psychology / Logotherapy
34. Existentialism
• emphasizes the ability of an individual
to determine the course and nature of
his or her life and the importance of
personal decision making.
• Help students “self-actualize” and
become free agents who decide the
course of their own lives
Humanism / Psychology / Logotherapy
Further Reading
35. Rollo May
• "Human freedom involves our capacity to
pause between the stimulus and response
and, in that pause, to choose the one
response toward which we wish to throw
our weight. The capacity to create
ourselves, based upon this freedom, is
inseparable from consciousness or self-
awareness."
36. Philosophies of Education
AT THE MOVIES
Perennialism Progressivism
Social
Reconstructivism Existentialism
Essentialism
37. He who knows the Buddha, does
not know the Buddha.