This document outlines several philosophical foundations of curriculum: Naturalism aims to realize students' natural goodness through nature-aligned teaching. Idealism develops the mind through intellectual/moral focus. Realism prepares students for life's actual duties. Pragmatism develops students holistically through experience. Perennialism cultivates intellect. Essentialism promotes individual intellectual growth in subject areas. Progressivism promotes democratic living through active, social learning. Reconstructivism uses education to improve and change society.

1. PHILOSOPHICAL
FOUNDATIONS
OF
CURRICULUM
BY: JESSICA ESPIRITU

2. PHILOSOPHY...
 provides a
framework for
planning,
implementing, and
evaluating
curricula in
schools.
 helps in answering

3. NATURALISM
 Aim of Education-
to make man
realize his natural
goodness and
tendencies
 Role of Education-
teachers should
teach in
accordance with
the nature of the

4. IDEALISM
 Aim of Education-
To develop the
mind of every
learner
 Role of Education-
school must
concentrate on
intellectual and
moral judgment and
aesthetic

5. REALISM
 Aim of Education- to
train learners to deal
with the actualities
of life and prepare
for its concrete
duties
 Role of Education-
prepare students for
actual living on the

6. PRAGMATISM
 Aim of Education- total
development of the child
through experience and
self-activity
 Role of Education-
provide a specialized
institution designed to
represent society to the
learner in simplified form

7. PERENNIALISM
 Aim of Education-
to educate the
rational person and
cultivate the
intellect
 Role of Education-
teachers help
students to think
with reason

8. ESSENTIALISM
 Aim of Education- to
promote the intellectual
growth of the individual
and educate a
competent person
 Role of Education- the
teacher is the sole
authority in his/her
subject area or field of
study

9. PROGRESSIVISM
 Aim of Education- to
promote democratic
and social living
 Role of Education-
provide knowledge
that will lead to growth
and development of
lifelong learners who
actively learn by doing

10. RECONSTRUCTIVISM
 Aim of Education- to
improve and
reconstruct society;
education for change
 Role of Education-
teachers serve as
agents of change and
reform in various
educational projects
including research

11. REFERENCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Philosophy_of_education