Glossary of arabic grammar

1. GLOSSARY OF
ARABIC GRAMMAR TERMS
‫ف‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫األج‬ Hollow Verb (Middle is a weak letter)
‫يف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫د‬َ‫أ‬ The Definite Article
‫ر‬َ‫الج‬ )‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫ح‬( ‫وات‬َ‫د‬‫أ‬ The Prepositions
‫الجزم‬ ‫وات‬َ‫د‬َ‫أ‬ The particles (conditional Pronouns
which introduce the verb in the Jussive
Case.
‫زم‬َ‫الج‬ The Jussive Case (w/ verbs)
‫ب‬ْ‫ص‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫وات‬َ‫د‬‫أ‬ The particles which introduce the verb
in Accusative Case.
ٌ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َ‫أ‬ / ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫إ‬ Noun/ Nouns.
‫الخمسة‬ ُ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬‫األ‬ The Five Nouns )‫و‬ُ‫ذ‬ ,‫فو‬ ,‫حمو‬ , ‫أخ‬ ,‫(أبو‬
‫فهام‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬‫اإل‬ ُ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َ‫أ‬ The Interrogative Pronouns.
‫اإلشارة‬ ُ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َ‫أ‬ The Demonstrative Pronouns.
‫ل‬ِ‫الفاع‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫إ‬ Active Participle
‫المفعول‬ ُ‫م‬‫إس‬ Passive Participle.
ُ‫ء‬‫سما‬ِ‫اإل‬‫ولة‬ُ‫ص‬‫المو‬ The Relative Pronouns.
‫ط‬ ْ‫ر‬َّ‫ش‬‫ال‬ Conditional
:‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫شرط‬ ‫جملة‬ Conditional Phrase.
‫َرط‬‫ش‬ ‫اة‬َ‫د‬َ‫أ‬ : Conditional Particle.
‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ض‬‫اإل‬ A Genetive Construction
‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ The vowel of the last consonant in a
verb or noun is dynamic.
‫ة‬َ‫س‬‫الخم‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أل‬‫ا‬ The Imperfect verb with (you feminine singular,
you masculine dual, they masc. Dual, you masc. Plural, they
masc. Plural)
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬ Comperative & Superlative
‫الممدودة‬ ‫يت‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫أ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬‫أ‬ Feminine Noun ending with Alif &
Hamzah ( ‫اء‬ َ‫ر‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ص‬)

2. ‫المقصو‬ ‫يت‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫أ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫رة‬ Feminine Noun ending with ( ‫ى‬)
....... ‫مى‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ , ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫ح‬
‫البدل‬ Substitute
‫المبني‬ The end of a word, noun, verb or
particle is static. Some employs the
term “indeclension”.
‫ْر‬‫ي‬ِ‫غ‬ْ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬‫أل‬ The Diminutive Pattern.
‫ب‬ُّ‫ج‬َ‫ع‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ The Verbal Exclamatory Style.
‫ييز‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ An Accusative of specification &
comparison & measurement.
‫ْن‬‫ي‬ِ‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ "Nunation" (duplicate vowel of the last
consonant).
‫ْد‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬ ْ‫و‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ Added word for emphasis.
‫ْل‬‫ي‬ ِ‫ض‬ْ‫ف‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ Comperative & Superlative
‫مجرور‬ /‫ر‬َ‫الج‬ ‫حالة‬ Genetive (with nouns).
ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬/‫الجزم‬ ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫حا‬ Jussive (with verbs)
ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ Plural
‫ْر‬‫ي‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ ‫مع‬َ‫ج‬ Broken Plural
‫م‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ Masculine Sound Plural
‫سالم‬ ‫ث‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ ‫جمع‬ Feminine Sound Plural
‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ْم‬‫س‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫جملة‬ Equential Sentence (Nominal)
‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬‫فعل‬ ‫ملة‬ُ‫ج‬ Verbal Sentence
‫ال‬َ‫الح‬ Haal Accusative
‫ر‬َ‫الج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬ The preposition
‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫يا‬ ِ‫الز‬ ‫حروف‬ The Ten Letters (one or more added to
the Root of the Verb to derive different
meanings.
(‫ا‬ , ‫ه‬ , ‫ي‬ , ‫ن‬ ,‫و‬ , ‫م‬ ,‫ت‬ , ‫ل‬ , ‫أ‬ , ‫س‬ )
)‫فظ‬ ِ‫للح‬ (‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬َ‫س‬

3. ‫العطف‬ ‫روف‬ُ‫ح‬ The conjunctions.
‫اء‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ه‬‫ال‬ ‫حروف‬ The Alphabet.
‫الخبر‬ The Predicate
‫مرفوع‬ / ‫فع‬َّ‫الر‬ ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ Nominative ( Verbs & Nouns).
‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫س‬ / ٌ‫ن‬ِ‫اك‬َ‫س‬ Absence of Vowels
‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ش‬ Prepositional Phrase
/‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫الص‬ ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬‫أ‬ Relative Pronoun
‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ص‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫األسماء‬
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ِِ ِ‫الص‬ Attributive Relative Clause
‫ْر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬َّ‫ض‬‫ال‬ The Personal Pronoun.
‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ A proper Noun
‫ل‬ِ‫الفاع‬ Actor , (The doer of the verb (comes
only after the verb.
‫مر‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ Imperative
‫ي‬ ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ The Perfect Tense.
‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫ال‬ُ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ‫الفعل‬ The Triliteral Verb ( َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬)
‫م‬ ِ‫الالز‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ An Intransitive Verb
‫ِي‬‫د‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫أل‬ A transitive Verb.
‫فعل‬‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫ثال‬ ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ْد‬‫ي‬ ِ‫ز‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ + one or more of the
Increase Letters.
‫ع‬ ِ‫ار‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ The Imperfect Tense ( indicates
present or future Tense).
‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ The Weak Verb
‫للمجهو‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫المب‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬‫ل‬ Passive verb
‫للمعلو‬ ‫المبني‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬‫م‬ Active Verb
‫ي‬ ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ Perfect Tense
‫ة‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ال‬ La of Negation.

4. ‫ية‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ Ma of Negation.
ُ‫أ‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ The subject of a Sequential (Nominal)
Sentence.
‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ With a static case-ending.
‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫المب‬‫للمعلوم‬ Active Voice
‫ول‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ Passive Voice
‫المثال‬ A Verb starting with (‫ي‬ , ‫و‬)
‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ Dual
‫َى‬‫ن‬ْ‫ث‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫أل‬ Exceptive
‫َاء‬‫ن‬ْ‫ث‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬‫اإل‬ ‫ات‬ َ‫دو‬َ‫أ‬ Exceptive Particles
‫ر‬َ‫د‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ Infinitive/ Verbal Noun
‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ض‬ِ‫اإل‬ Genetive Construction
‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ 1st
Particle of the construction
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ 2nd
Particle of the construction
‫ف‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ A Definite Noun
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ول‬ُ‫ع‬‫المف‬ An Accusative Object.
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ول‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ Adverbal Qualification of Time or Place.
‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ Cognate Accusative (The Absolute
Object.)
ُ‫ه‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ‫ول‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ )‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫واو‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬(
ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ول‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ Adverbal Qualification of Purpose
ً‫ة‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ث‬ ً‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ط‬ْ‫ع‬‫أ‬ (ً‫ا‬ َ‫ْر‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬) ِ‫ه‬ ِ‫ْر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ ‫عن‬
‫ور‬ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬‫أل‬ A noun ending with long Vowel (‫)ا‬
‫ُود‬‫د‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬ْ‫أل‬ A noun ending with a long vowel(‫)ا‬
Followed by (‫.)ء‬
‫رف‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫الممنوع‬ An unnonated noun.
‫وص‬ُ‫ق‬‫المن‬ A noun ending with (‫ي‬)
(‫ص‬ِ‫ق‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫من‬ ٌّ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬‫)إ‬

5. ‫ل‬ِ‫الفاع‬ ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ئ‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ Subject of the Predicate (Substitute of
the Doer of the Verb)
(It comes only with Passive Verbs).
‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الن‬ Nisbah (Attributive Form)
‫وب‬ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ / ‫ب‬ْ‫ص‬َّ‫ن‬‫أل‬ Accusative (w/ nouns )
Subjunctive (w/verb).
‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َّ‫ن‬‫أل‬ /‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫لص‬َ‫أ‬ The Adjective.
‫ة‬ َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ A common noun
‫ْد‬‫ي‬ِ‫وك‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ‫ون‬ُ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ of emphasis
‫ة‬ َ‫ْو‬‫س‬ِ‫الن‬ ُ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ The feminine plural pronoun
‫ة‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫الج‬ ‫او‬ َ‫و‬ ‫وا‬ The masculine Plural Pronoun
‫ْن‬‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫اإلث‬ ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ The dual pronoun.
‫ة‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ The you feminine Pronoun.
ٌ‫ة‬ َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ A glottal stop
‫عل‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ‫وزن‬ The Pattern of the verb.