This document discusses several key human development indicators used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure and analyze development. It introduces the Human Development Index (HDI), Human Poverty Index (HPI), and Gender-Related Development Index (GDI). The HDI measures overall development based on health, education, and income indicators. The HPI measures deprivation in these areas. The GDI adjusts the HDI to account for inequalities between men and women. The document provides details on how each index is calculated and examples of country rankings. It also discusses some challenges and factors influencing human development progress in India.

1. BIGITH V .B
1STSEM,M.TECH (URP)
IDS,UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE

2. 




INTRODUCTION
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
HUMAN POVERTY INDEX
GENDER RELATED DEVELOPMENT INDEX
CONCLUSION

3. 


According to the UNDP,human development is
defined as “a process of enlarging people’s
choices.”
At all levels of development, the three
essential choices for people are
to live a long and healthy life
to acquire better knowledge
To have access to resources needed for a
decent standard of living.

4. HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
INDICATOR
HUMAN
DEVELOPMEN
T
INDEX
HUMAN
POVERTY
INDEX
GENDER
RELATED
DEVELOPMENT
INDEX

5. The origins of the HDI are
found
in
the
annual
Development Reports of the
United Nations Development
Programme.
These
were
devised and launched by
Pakistani economist Mahbubul Haq in 1990 .
To produce the Human
Development Reports, Mahbubul Haq brought together a
group of well-known
development economists.
Amartya Sen was one among
them.

6. Human Development Index (HDI)
Dimensions
Long and healthy life
Knowledge
Decent standard of living
Dimensions
index
Life expectancy index
Education index
GDP index
Indicator
Life expectancy at birth
Adult literacy rate
GDP per capita (PPP US$)
Gross enrollment ratio

7. 


HDI = 1/3( life expectancy index ) + 1/3 (education
index)+1/3(GDP index)
Dimension index = actual value – minimum value
(LEI,EI,GDPI)
maximum value – minimum value
Goal post for calculating the HDI
Indicator
maximum value
minimum value
Life expectancy at birth (years )
85
25
Adult literacy rate (%)
100
0
Combined gross enrolment ratio (%) 100
0
GDP per capita ( PPP US $)
40,000
100

8. Human Development Index-
High
Development
Moderate Development
Low
Development

9. Very High Human Development
1
Norway
0.955
2
Australia
0.938
3
Iceland
0.937
4
Netherland
0.921
5
Germany
0.920

10. Low Human Development
5
Burkina Faso
0.343
4
Chad
0.340
3
Mozambique
0.327
2
Democratic Republic of
Congo
0.304
1
Niger
0.304

11. 10
JAPAN
0.912
92
SRILANKA
0.715
101
CHINA
0.699
136
INDIA
0.554
146
PAKISTAN
0.515

12. According to the report, India’s HDI has registered
impressive gains in the last two decades as the index
increased by 43 per cent ( 0.387 in 1990 to 0.554 in
2013)
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX OF INDIA
1990-2013
0.6
0.5
0.4
HDI

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Series1
1990
2000
2005
2007
2010
2011
2012
2013
0.387
0.437
0.461
0.504
0.523
0.542
0.547
0.554

13. 


India Human Development
Report, 2011, prepared by Institute of Applied
Manpower Research, placed Kerala on top of
the index for achieving highest literacy
rate, quality health services and consumption
expenditure of people.
Two-thirds of the households in the country
reside in pucca (cemented) houses and threefourth of families have access to electricity for
domestic use.
However, it noted that
Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Assam are
those states which continue to lag behind in HDI

14. 1.The Human Poverty Index for developing
and Under developed Countries (HPI-1)
While
the
HDI
measures
average
achievement ,HPI-1 measures deprivations in
the three basic dimensions of human
A long and
Knowledge
A decent
development captured in the HDI.
healthy life
standard of
living
Vulnerability to
death
at
a
relative
early
age.
Exclusion from the
world of reading and
communications .
Lack of access to
overall economic
provisioning

15. CALCULATING THE HPI -1
The formula to calculate the HPI-1 is as
follows :
HPI -1 = [1/3 ( P1 α + P2 α + P3 α )]1/α
Where
 P1 = Probability at birth not surviving to age 40
 P2 = Adult Illiteracy rate
 P3 = Under weighted average of population not
using an improved water source and children
under weight –for-age.
 α = 3

16. 2.THE HUMAN POVERTY INDEX FOR
SELECTED OECD COUNTRIES (HPI-2)
The HPI-2 measures deprivation in the same
dimensions as the HPI-1 and also captures
A longsocial exclusion.
and
Knowledge
A decent
Social
healthy life
standard of
living
Vulnerability to Exclusion from the Lack of access to
death
at
a world of reading and overall economic
relative
early communications
provisioning
age.
Exclusion
Measured by the
rate of long term
unemployment

17. CALCULATING THE HPI -2
The formula used to calculate the HPI-2 is as
follows:
HPI-2 = [1/4(P1α +P2α+P3α+P4α]1/α
Where
 P1 = Probability at birth not surviving to age 60.
 P2 = Percentage of adult lacking functional
literacy skills
 P3 = Percentage of population below income
poverty line .
 P4 = Rate of long term unemployment (lasting 12
months or more)
 α = 3

18. While the HDI measures average achievement,
the GDI adjusts the average achievement to
reflect the inequalities between men and
women in the following dimension.
Long and
Measured by life expectancy at birth.
healthy life

Knowledge
Measured by the adult literacy rate and
enrolment ratio
Decent standard of
living
Measured by estimated earned income

19. 
The calculation of the GDI involves three steps ,
First female and male indices in each dimension
are calculated
according to this general
formula:
Dimension index = Actual value - minimum
value
Maximum value - minimum
value
Second the male and female indices in each
dimension are combined in a way that penalizes
differences in achievement between men and
women
Equally distributed index = {(female population
share (female index1-ε) + {male population share
(male index 1-ε)} 1/1-ε
ε measures the aversion to inequality .In the

20. One of the most important issues that have bearing on
the progress of human development indicators is the
pace of urbanization
Another specific demographic feature that influences
human development is high proportion of traditionally
disadvantaged people ,viz SC and ST in total population
On literacy and elementary education much progress
has been made past. One worrying aspect of illiteracy is
that substantial number of person in the age group 1524 were found to be illiterate in 2001.
As far as the health care sector is concerned ,what
really comes in the way of objective evaluation of the
state of affairs is a serious lack of adequate and usable
data

21. THANK YOU…………