This presentation describes about UMTS major components Key features, NodeB, RNC, GGSN,MSC, SGSN,VLR,HLR, Charging function, UMTS base stations and info about UMTS number allocated for MS.
High-level architecture of Mobile Cellular Networks from 2G to 5G3G4G
The document outlines the evolution of mobile network architectures from 2G to 5G. It describes the key components of 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. The 2G network included a BSC, BTS, MSC and MS. 2.5G added GPRS capability with an SGSN and GGSN. 3G introduced UMTS with an RNC. 4G networks used LTE with an EPC including MME, S-GW and P-GW. 5G phase 1 used an eNodeB and 5G NR radio. 5G phase 2 added an NGCN core network, while phase 3 removed the EPC.
3G UMTS is a 3rd generation mobile network standard that aims to provide improved voice quality, higher data speeds, and more capacity compared to previous 2G standards. It utilizes W-CDMA technology along with a packet-switched core network to support data rates up to 2Mbps. Key aspects of 3G UMTS include soft handovers between base stations, advanced cellular planning to optimize coverage and capacity, and global roaming capabilities. While offering benefits over 2G, 3G also presented challenges such as high infrastructure costs and lack of adoption from some existing mobile users.
- GPRS is an upgrade to GSM that allows packet-based data services and efficient use of network bandwidth. It provides higher data rates than GSM and constant connectivity.
- The GPRS network architecture introduces new network elements like the SGSN and GGSN to route data packets. The SGSN manages packet data in its service area while the GGSN connects the GPRS network to external packet networks.
- Session management in GPRS includes establishing PDP contexts for data transfer sessions and location management tracks the routing area of mobile devices through routing area updates.
Universal mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) is actually the third generation mobile, which uses WCDMA. The Dream was that 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
-Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the world.
-One device should be able to work anywhere.
Increased data rate.
- Maximum 2048Kbps
UMTS is developed by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) a joint venture of several organization
3G UMTS is a third-generation (3G): broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps
Also referred to as wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)
Allows many more applications to be introduce to a worldwide
Also provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans.
The higher bandwidth also enables video conferencing or IPTV.
Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities.
Prof. Andy Sutton: 5G RAN Architecture Evolution - Jan 20193G4G
This presentation explores the evolution of GSM, UMTS and LTE radio access network architectures before a detailed review of the RAN architecture options for 5G. The functional decomposition of the 5G radio access network presents the network designer with many challenges with regards placement of RU, DU and CU nodes, all of which are discussed. The presentation concludes with a review of BT UK plans for 5G launch with a fully distributed RAN in support of an EN-DC architecture.
Presented by Professor Andy Sutton CEng FIET, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, BT Technology at IET 5G - the Advent conference on 30 January 2019 | IET London: Savoy Place
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Calculate MAPL using propagation model (Hata, Cost231 etc.)
Given: Carrier freq = 900MHz, BS height = 30m, Tx power = 20W
Using Hata model, calculate MAPL
2) Calculate cell range using MAPL
Cell range = sqrt(MAPL/2)
3) Calculate number of cells required for 100sqkm area
Number of cells = Area/Cell area
Cell area = pi * (Cell range)^2
4) Number of sites = Number of cells
For the given parameters, the calculations would provide the number of sites required.
This document provides an overview of LTE architecture and interfaces. It begins with a brief history of 3GPP and IEEE standards evolutions leading to LTE. It then discusses the key capabilities and performance targets of LTE such as higher data rates, lower latency, and improved spectrum efficiency. The document outlines the LTE system architecture including the Evolved UTRAN and Evolved Packet Core. It describes the network interfaces between these components and other 3GPP networks for interworking and roaming. In summary, the document covers the evolution and standardization history driving LTE, its important technical capabilities, and high-level network architecture.
High-level architecture of Mobile Cellular Networks from 2G to 5G3G4G
The document outlines the evolution of mobile network architectures from 2G to 5G. It describes the key components of 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. The 2G network included a BSC, BTS, MSC and MS. 2.5G added GPRS capability with an SGSN and GGSN. 3G introduced UMTS with an RNC. 4G networks used LTE with an EPC including MME, S-GW and P-GW. 5G phase 1 used an eNodeB and 5G NR radio. 5G phase 2 added an NGCN core network, while phase 3 removed the EPC.
3G UMTS is a 3rd generation mobile network standard that aims to provide improved voice quality, higher data speeds, and more capacity compared to previous 2G standards. It utilizes W-CDMA technology along with a packet-switched core network to support data rates up to 2Mbps. Key aspects of 3G UMTS include soft handovers between base stations, advanced cellular planning to optimize coverage and capacity, and global roaming capabilities. While offering benefits over 2G, 3G also presented challenges such as high infrastructure costs and lack of adoption from some existing mobile users.
- GPRS is an upgrade to GSM that allows packet-based data services and efficient use of network bandwidth. It provides higher data rates than GSM and constant connectivity.
- The GPRS network architecture introduces new network elements like the SGSN and GGSN to route data packets. The SGSN manages packet data in its service area while the GGSN connects the GPRS network to external packet networks.
- Session management in GPRS includes establishing PDP contexts for data transfer sessions and location management tracks the routing area of mobile devices through routing area updates.
Universal mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) is actually the third generation mobile, which uses WCDMA. The Dream was that 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
-Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the world.
-One device should be able to work anywhere.
Increased data rate.
- Maximum 2048Kbps
UMTS is developed by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) a joint venture of several organization
3G UMTS is a third-generation (3G): broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps
Also referred to as wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)
Allows many more applications to be introduce to a worldwide
Also provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans.
The higher bandwidth also enables video conferencing or IPTV.
Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities.
Prof. Andy Sutton: 5G RAN Architecture Evolution - Jan 20193G4G
This presentation explores the evolution of GSM, UMTS and LTE radio access network architectures before a detailed review of the RAN architecture options for 5G. The functional decomposition of the 5G radio access network presents the network designer with many challenges with regards placement of RU, DU and CU nodes, all of which are discussed. The presentation concludes with a review of BT UK plans for 5G launch with a fully distributed RAN in support of an EN-DC architecture.
Presented by Professor Andy Sutton CEng FIET, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, BT Technology at IET 5G - the Advent conference on 30 January 2019 | IET London: Savoy Place
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Calculate MAPL using propagation model (Hata, Cost231 etc.)
Given: Carrier freq = 900MHz, BS height = 30m, Tx power = 20W
Using Hata model, calculate MAPL
2) Calculate cell range using MAPL
Cell range = sqrt(MAPL/2)
3) Calculate number of cells required for 100sqkm area
Number of cells = Area/Cell area
Cell area = pi * (Cell range)^2
4) Number of sites = Number of cells
For the given parameters, the calculations would provide the number of sites required.
This document provides an overview of LTE architecture and interfaces. It begins with a brief history of 3GPP and IEEE standards evolutions leading to LTE. It then discusses the key capabilities and performance targets of LTE such as higher data rates, lower latency, and improved spectrum efficiency. The document outlines the LTE system architecture including the Evolved UTRAN and Evolved Packet Core. It describes the network interfaces between these components and other 3GPP networks for interworking and roaming. In summary, the document covers the evolution and standardization history driving LTE, its important technical capabilities, and high-level network architecture.
4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology. It provides significantly higher data rates, supports seamless connection of various networks, and offers fully IP-based internet access. Key features of 4G include speeds of up to 1 Gbps, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) for optimal bandwidth utilization, IPv6 compatibility to support a vast number of devices, and smart antenna technology for seamless handoffs and space division multiple access. 4G aims to deliver an always connected wireless experience with end-to-end quality of service for voice, streaming multimedia, and internet access anytime, anywhere.
Overview Of Gsm Cellular Network & OperationsDeepak Sharma
The document provides an overview of the GSM cellular network and its operations. It describes the main components including the mobile switching center (MSC), home location register (HLR), visitor location register (VLR), and authentication center (AUC). It also discusses the mobile handset, radio interface, network architecture, and how capacity is increased through frequency reuse, cell splitting, and sectoring.
This presentation covers:
1. Evolution of UMTS core network
2. Different 3GPP releases up gradation to UMTS architecture
3. UMTS Core network elements
4. Protocols used in UMTS core networks
5. MSC server and MGW
6. IMS architecture
Wireless communications is a type of data communication that is performed and delivered wirelessly. This is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
The document discusses the evolution of UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) to an all-IP architecture. UTRAN originally contained base stations (Node Bs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) connected via various interfaces. It is evolving to the E-UTRAN architecture in LTE, which uses eNodeBs directly connected to the Evolved Packet Core via the S1 interface, removing the need for RNCs. This evolution allows for better support of IP-based services and improved capabilities like direct communication between eNodeBs.
This document provides notes on ad hoc networks from R N S Institute of Technology. It begins with an introduction comparing cellular and ad hoc wireless networks. Ad hoc networks are infrastructureless networks that use multi-hop radio relaying. The document then discusses applications of ad hoc networks such as military operations, emergency response, wireless mesh networks, and wireless sensor networks. It also covers key issues in ad hoc networks including medium access, routing, multicasting, and energy management. The first unit focuses on these introductory concepts and applications of ad hoc networks.
This document discusses multiple access techniques in wireless communication. It describes several techniques including Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA). It also covers packet radio access methods like ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). Each technique allows multiple users to share wireless spectrum resources simultaneously through dividing access in frequency, time, code, or space.
This document provides an overview of IP RAN network design for 2G and 3G networks. It discusses key aspects of IP RAN including transport connectivity, network synchronization, quality of service, and security. The document also presents case studies of 2G and 3G network topologies designed using IP RAN principles.
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture and transmission schemes. It describes the simplified LTE network elements including eNB, MME, S-GW and P-GW. It explains the downlink transmission scheme using OFDMA and reference signal structure. It also covers uplink transmission using SC-FDMA, control and data channels as well as frame structure in both FDD and TDD modes.
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
I have described VoLTE IMS Architecture in simplified way . Are you also finding 3GPP Specs complicated & Complex for VoLTE IMS . It covers Role played by individual Networks Elements as mentioned below :-
# VoLTE SIP Handset : SIP Support , UAC , UAS , User Agent , SIP-UA
# Underlying LTE Network : MME , SGW , PGW , PCRF , HSS , Dedicated Bearer , QCI , Default Bearer
# IMS Core : SIP Servers , P-CSCF , I-CSCF , S-CSCF , TAS , MMTEL , BGw , MRF , ATCF , ATGW , IBCF , MGCF , IM-MGW , TrGW
# Voice Core or PSTN Network for Break-in or Break-out Calls
VoLTE Flows and legacy CS network. Basic call routing to and from CS network using BGCF, MGCF, MGW. ENUM role in routing. IMS Cetralized Services (IMC) and SRVCC scenarios.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
This presentation discusses about the WCDMA air Interface used in 3G i.e. UMTS. This Radio Interface has great capability on which Third Generation of Mobile Communication is built, with backward compatibility.
This document provides an overview of UMTS network architecture and components. It describes the key elements of the UMTS Release 99 core network, including the circuit switched and packet switched domains. It also discusses the radio access network (UTRAN) and its components such as the radio network controller (RNC) and Node B. Finally, it summarizes the functions of the mobile switching center (MSC) and media gateway (MGW) in the UMTS network.
Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a short-range, high-bandwidth wireless technology that can provide data transmission rates up to 480 Mbps. It operates by transmitting short pulses across a wide spectrum of frequency bands between 3.1-10.6 GHz. UWB offers advantages over other wireless technologies like Bluetooth and WiFi by providing faster data transfer speeds, better multipath performance, and precise localization capabilities. Potential applications of UWB include wireless USB, high quality video transmission, and radar/imaging systems.
Basic of 3 g technologies (digi lab_project).pptx [repaired]Shahrin Ahammad
The document provides an overview of 3G standards and the radio access network architecture. It discusses the reasons for switching from 2G to 3G technologies, including higher data rates and improved security. It then describes the components of the UMTS network architecture, including user equipment, Node B base stations, radio network controllers, mobile switching centers, and connections to external networks. The document also compares 2G and 3G network structures.
The document discusses 3G network architecture, security, and handover between GSM and UMTS networks. It describes the key components of 3G network architecture including the user equipment and UTRAN consisting of layers like physical, MAC, RLC, and RRC layers. It explains the functions of the RRC layer including establishment of connections and allocation of resources. It also summarizes the functions of lower layers like RLC and MAC. Furthermore, it outlines the core network components including MSC, SGSN, GGSN and shared elements like HLR, EIR, and AuC. Finally, it briefly discusses the security mechanisms in 3G networks including network access, domain, and application layer security.
4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology. It provides significantly higher data rates, supports seamless connection of various networks, and offers fully IP-based internet access. Key features of 4G include speeds of up to 1 Gbps, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) for optimal bandwidth utilization, IPv6 compatibility to support a vast number of devices, and smart antenna technology for seamless handoffs and space division multiple access. 4G aims to deliver an always connected wireless experience with end-to-end quality of service for voice, streaming multimedia, and internet access anytime, anywhere.
Overview Of Gsm Cellular Network & OperationsDeepak Sharma
The document provides an overview of the GSM cellular network and its operations. It describes the main components including the mobile switching center (MSC), home location register (HLR), visitor location register (VLR), and authentication center (AUC). It also discusses the mobile handset, radio interface, network architecture, and how capacity is increased through frequency reuse, cell splitting, and sectoring.
This presentation covers:
1. Evolution of UMTS core network
2. Different 3GPP releases up gradation to UMTS architecture
3. UMTS Core network elements
4. Protocols used in UMTS core networks
5. MSC server and MGW
6. IMS architecture
Wireless communications is a type of data communication that is performed and delivered wirelessly. This is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
The document discusses the evolution of UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) to an all-IP architecture. UTRAN originally contained base stations (Node Bs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) connected via various interfaces. It is evolving to the E-UTRAN architecture in LTE, which uses eNodeBs directly connected to the Evolved Packet Core via the S1 interface, removing the need for RNCs. This evolution allows for better support of IP-based services and improved capabilities like direct communication between eNodeBs.
This document provides notes on ad hoc networks from R N S Institute of Technology. It begins with an introduction comparing cellular and ad hoc wireless networks. Ad hoc networks are infrastructureless networks that use multi-hop radio relaying. The document then discusses applications of ad hoc networks such as military operations, emergency response, wireless mesh networks, and wireless sensor networks. It also covers key issues in ad hoc networks including medium access, routing, multicasting, and energy management. The first unit focuses on these introductory concepts and applications of ad hoc networks.
This document discusses multiple access techniques in wireless communication. It describes several techniques including Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA). It also covers packet radio access methods like ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). Each technique allows multiple users to share wireless spectrum resources simultaneously through dividing access in frequency, time, code, or space.
This document provides an overview of IP RAN network design for 2G and 3G networks. It discusses key aspects of IP RAN including transport connectivity, network synchronization, quality of service, and security. The document also presents case studies of 2G and 3G network topologies designed using IP RAN principles.
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture and transmission schemes. It describes the simplified LTE network elements including eNB, MME, S-GW and P-GW. It explains the downlink transmission scheme using OFDMA and reference signal structure. It also covers uplink transmission using SC-FDMA, control and data channels as well as frame structure in both FDD and TDD modes.
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
I have described VoLTE IMS Architecture in simplified way . Are you also finding 3GPP Specs complicated & Complex for VoLTE IMS . It covers Role played by individual Networks Elements as mentioned below :-
# VoLTE SIP Handset : SIP Support , UAC , UAS , User Agent , SIP-UA
# Underlying LTE Network : MME , SGW , PGW , PCRF , HSS , Dedicated Bearer , QCI , Default Bearer
# IMS Core : SIP Servers , P-CSCF , I-CSCF , S-CSCF , TAS , MMTEL , BGw , MRF , ATCF , ATGW , IBCF , MGCF , IM-MGW , TrGW
# Voice Core or PSTN Network for Break-in or Break-out Calls
VoLTE Flows and legacy CS network. Basic call routing to and from CS network using BGCF, MGCF, MGW. ENUM role in routing. IMS Cetralized Services (IMC) and SRVCC scenarios.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
This presentation discusses about the WCDMA air Interface used in 3G i.e. UMTS. This Radio Interface has great capability on which Third Generation of Mobile Communication is built, with backward compatibility.
This document provides an overview of UMTS network architecture and components. It describes the key elements of the UMTS Release 99 core network, including the circuit switched and packet switched domains. It also discusses the radio access network (UTRAN) and its components such as the radio network controller (RNC) and Node B. Finally, it summarizes the functions of the mobile switching center (MSC) and media gateway (MGW) in the UMTS network.
Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a short-range, high-bandwidth wireless technology that can provide data transmission rates up to 480 Mbps. It operates by transmitting short pulses across a wide spectrum of frequency bands between 3.1-10.6 GHz. UWB offers advantages over other wireless technologies like Bluetooth and WiFi by providing faster data transfer speeds, better multipath performance, and precise localization capabilities. Potential applications of UWB include wireless USB, high quality video transmission, and radar/imaging systems.
Basic of 3 g technologies (digi lab_project).pptx [repaired]Shahrin Ahammad
The document provides an overview of 3G standards and the radio access network architecture. It discusses the reasons for switching from 2G to 3G technologies, including higher data rates and improved security. It then describes the components of the UMTS network architecture, including user equipment, Node B base stations, radio network controllers, mobile switching centers, and connections to external networks. The document also compares 2G and 3G network structures.
The document discusses 3G network architecture, security, and handover between GSM and UMTS networks. It describes the key components of 3G network architecture including the user equipment and UTRAN consisting of layers like physical, MAC, RLC, and RRC layers. It explains the functions of the RRC layer including establishment of connections and allocation of resources. It also summarizes the functions of lower layers like RLC and MAC. Furthermore, it outlines the core network components including MSC, SGSN, GGSN and shared elements like HLR, EIR, and AuC. Finally, it briefly discusses the security mechanisms in 3G networks including network access, domain, and application layer security.
1) 3G networks use UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) architecture with Radio Network Subsystems (RNS) consisting of Node B base stations and Radio Network Controllers (RNC).
2) The RNC controls radio resources and handles user data traffic between the UTRAN and core network (CN), while Node B terminates the radio channels.
3) The UTRAN is connected to the CN via the Iu interface, which has separate planes for radio network control, transport network control, and user data. The CN provides both circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.
The document describes the architecture of a radio access network (RAN). It discusses:
1. The main components are the user equipment (UE), radio access network (RAN), and core network (CN). The RAN handles all radio functionality and is connected to the CN, which switches and routes calls.
2. The RAN, called UTRAN in UMTS, consists of radio network controllers (RNCs) and Node B base stations. The RNC controls radio resources and connects to the CN, while Node B handles radio interface processing.
3. The protocol model has horizontal layers for the radio and transport networks, and vertical planes for control signaling and user data on each interface.
The document discusses the architecture of radio access networks (RANs) in 3GPP systems. It describes the key network elements, interfaces, and protocols. The main elements are the user equipment (UE), the UTRAN RAN which includes Node B base stations and radio network controllers (RNCs), and the core network (CN). The UTRAN architecture uses RNCs and Node Bs connected by Iub interfaces, with RNCs also connected to the CN via Iu interfaces. Protocols include radio resource control (RRC) between UE and UTRAN, and RAN application protocol (RANAP) on the Iu interface. The document provides an overview of the system architecture and interworking.
The document provides information on the fundamentals and evolution of 3G mobile communication standards. It discusses:
- 1st generation standards including AMPS, TACS, NMT, and others operating between 30-200 KHz.
- 2nd generation standards including GSM, IS-136, IS-95, and PDC operating at 200 KHz, utilizing TDMA and early digital technologies.
- UMTS (3G) evolution through 3GPP releases, utilizing WCDMA technology, and achieving speeds up to 2 Mbps through improvements like HSPA and LTE.
The document discusses the evolution of mobile network generations from 1G to 4G and their key components. It focuses on describing the radio access network (RAN) components of 2G GSM and 3G UMTS networks. The RAN connects mobile devices to the core network and includes base stations, base station controllers, radio network controllers and interfaces between them. It also discusses frequency allocations for GSM 900 and GSM 1800 networks in Sri Lanka.
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is a 3G mobile communication standard that uses WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) as its underlying air interface technology. A UMTS network consists of three domains - the core network, UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), and user equipment. UMTS offers high-speed data and multimedia services along with traditional voice services through its core network and radio access network architecture and protocols. UMTS provides a platform for various services with different quality of service requirements.
This document discusses 3G mobile networks and the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). It describes the technologies used in UMTS including Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and the network architecture. The core network elements like the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) are explained. It also covers the radio access network components including the Node B base station and Radio Network Controller (RNC). The document provides an overview of 3G networks and the key technologies that enable mobility and packet-based services.
UMTS system architecture, protocols & processesMuxi ESL
This document provides an overview of UMTS system architecture and protocols. It discusses:
- The logical architecture of UTRAN including RNC and Node-B elements.
- Interfaces between network elements are clearly specified to allow interoperability between equipment from different manufacturers.
- The main functions of the RNC include radio resource management, call management, and connection to the core network.
- Protocols in UTRAN include RRC for radio resource control, RLC for radio link control, and MAC for medium access control.
UMTS is a 3G mobile communication standard developed by 3GPP to provide improved speed and capacity over existing 2G and 2.5G networks. UMTS uses W-CDMA as its air interface and is divided into the user equipment (UE), the UTRAN network which includes Node B base stations and RNC controllers, and core network. UMTS supports higher data rates up to 2Mbps, provides seamless international roaming, and enables new multimedia services for businesses and consumers.
Dar es Salaam institute of Technology (DIT) provides training on digital networks including 3G and 4G mobile technologies. 3G networks introduced higher speed packet data and mobile multimedia services compared to previous generations. UMTS/WCDMA is an IMT-2000 3G standard that supports voice and fast packet data through technologies like HSDPA and HSUPA which enable peak downlink rates of 14.4 Mbps and uplink rates of 5.8 Mbps. HSPA+ further increases speeds through MIMO and higher order modulations.
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
Detailed presentation on Wireless Communication Technologies.
The communication technology has evolved to provide lower latency network, faster and efficient data services.
Maria D'cruz_WCDMA UMTS Wireless NetworksMaria D'cruz
The document provides an overview of WCDMA/UMTS architecture and radio resource management. It describes the evolution from 2G to 3G networks and the standardization of WCDMA. The key aspects of WCDMA air interface, UTRAN architecture, core network functionality, and radio resource management techniques like admission control, load control, packet scheduling, handover control and power control are summarized. Diagrams illustrate the system architecture and information flow between network elements.
The document summarizes the key components and protocol architecture of a UMTS network. It describes the domains and reference points that divide a UMTS system. The radio access network (UTRAN) consists of Radio Network Subsystems (RNSs) with Node Bs and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs). The interfaces between these components, such as Iu, Iur, Iub and Uu, have user, control and transport planes with various protocols to support communication and control functions. Key responsibilities are distributed between the RNC for radio resource control and the Node B for lower-level radio access functions.
UMTS is the 3G cellular standard proposed by ETSI to evolve GSM and GPRS networks. It uses WCDMA as its air interface and includes the following key aspects:
- A complete system architecture with standardized interfaces to allow interoperability between vendors.
- A UTRAN subsystem comprising Node B base stations and RNC controllers to handle radio functionality using WCDMA.
- A core network subsystem including elements like MSC, SGSN, GGSN to support both circuit switched and packet switched services.
- WCDMA uses CDMA with variable spreading factors to provide different data rates. It employs channelization codes, scrambling codes and modulation like QPSK.
UMTS is a 3G mobile communication system that allows broadband transmission of text, voice, video and multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps. It was developed by 3GPP to provide a single worldwide standard for mobile devices. UMTS uses WCDMA technology and has two modes - FDD and TDD. It defines various logical, transport and physical channels to transmit data and control information between the user equipment, UTRAN network and core network elements like RNC, Node B, SGSN and GGSN. UMTS provides higher bandwidth and new services like video calls compared to previous 2G systems.
This document provides an overview of 3rd generation WCDMA/UMTS wireless networks. It describes the evolution from 2G to 3G networks and the key aspects of WCDMA/UMTS architecture, including the air interface, radio access network, core network and radio resource management functions such as admission control, load control, packet scheduling, handover control and power control. The document also briefly discusses additional topics such as radio network planning issues, high speed data packet access, and a comparison of WCDMA and CDMA2000.
The document discusses 3G mobile communication technologies including UMTS. It describes the network architecture evolution from 3GPP Release '99 to Release 5. Key aspects covered include the core network, radio access network, bearer services, protocols, and handover mechanisms like soft handover.
Nwe Embodiment (Naba Kalebara) of Lord Jagannath of PURI - The Greatest and B...assinha
NabaKalebara is an important and unique ceremony of the Grand Temple of Lord Jagannath at Puri in the state Odisha, India. It is the unique ceremony of ‘Birth' and the ‘Death’ of the presiding deities. No where this kind of Death and Birth of presiding deities are not seen. It is the Greatest and Biggest festival that will be observed this year ( 2015 ) beginning from 29th March. till 27th July.
Layer 3 Protocols
This document provides an overview of various layer 3 protocols and techniques, including routing protocols (BGP, IS-IS, OSPF, RIP), multicasting protocols (IGMP), and loop avoidance techniques. It describes the purpose and key features of each protocol. BGP exchanges routing information between autonomous systems. IS-IS and OSPF are intra-AS routing protocols that use link-state algorithms. RIP is a distance vector protocol best suited to small networks. IGMP manages multicast group membership. NDP provides address resolution and neighbor discovery for IPv6. HIP separates host identity from IP addresses to enable mobility.
The document discusses several key data structures used in the Linux kernel - task lists, KFIFO queues, IDR maps, RB-trees, and prio-trees. It provides an overview of how each is implemented and lists functions to initialize and manipulate each structure, such as adding/removing entries from lists and queues, getting/removing IDs from maps, and operations on binary search and priority search trees.
The document describes an eNodeB handover procedure between two eNodeBs connected to the same MME without S-GW relocation. It involves a handover preparation phase where the source eNodeB requests admission control from the target eNodeB. In the handover execution phase, the UE detaches from the old cell and synchronizes to the new cell. Finally, in the handover completion phase, the bearers are modified and the source eNodeB releases the UE context.
The document summarizes the initial call setup process between a UE (user equipment), eNB (base station), MME (mobility management entity), HSS (home subscriber server), S-GW (serving gateway), and P-GW (packet data network gateway). It involves:
1) The UE performing random access and connection requests to the eNB;
2) Authentication and security setup between the UE, MME, and HSS;
3) Context setup and exchange of UE capability information between the UE, eNB, and MME;
4) Session creation between the MME, S-GW, and P-GW to enable data transfer.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Umts explained
1. UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommucation System) Overview
FeaturesHigh quality Speech ( Wideband speech) – A new wideband AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) codec to
increase the quality of speech over UMTS.
High Speed Packet Access – With HSDPA (high speed downlink packet access) and HSUPA (high
speed uplink packet access) a peak data rate of 10.2Mbit/sec in the download direction. Further
improvements to the radio network and user devices will be able to offer user peak rates in the
download direction of 3.6Mbit/sec.
Handover to GSM/GPRS – Voice calls and data traffic can be transferred between GSM and UMTS
seamlessly.
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) – It allows the transfer of multimedia messages between
users without the requirement for the multimedia messages to be transferred in real-time.
Multimedia Telephony for IMS – This uses IMS to offer telephony services such as
video, text, picture sharing, video clip sharing etc.
IP-based multimedia core network subsystem (IMS) – This provides support for IP multimedia
sessions in a flexible manner to allow new multimedia products and services to be offered. The IMS
can use both the GPRS and UMTS radio access technologies.
Operation in other frequency bands - In addition to the 2GHz band, UMTS can also operate in the
810MHz; 900MHz; 1700MHz and 2.6GHz bands.
End to end Quality of Service – Quality of Service management for the Packet Switched (PS)
domain including the IMS and the radio interface.
MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) – This allows information such as streamed audio
and video to be sent over one radio channel to many customers simultaneously.
Wireless LAN inter-working – This allows connection to the core network using WLAN as well as
the usual GSM/UMTS radio access.
Network Selection– Network operators/users can select best network for their needs while roaming.
2. Major UMTS Components
The UMTS Release 99 architecture is composed of three components-
User Equipment (UE) :
UMTS mobile station can operate simultaneously in both Packet
Switched (PS)/Circuit Switched (CS) mode or only any one of them.
It is composed of Universal Subscriber Identity Module-card (USIMcard), the radio equipment (receiver-transceiver), the Man-Machine
Interface (MMI) (support for multimedia, WAP, and other services) and
Battery.
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) :
UMTS radio access infrastructure is called UTRAN. It uses Wideband
Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA ) radio technology for air
interface to communicate with UE.
Core Network (CN) :
It provide switching, routing and transit for user traffic. It also contains
the databases and network management functions.
3. Major Components
Core Network is split into the following domains:
CS (Circuit Switch) domain It uses 64 kbps Time Division Multiplexed (TDM)
channels. This domain provides a similar set of
services as those provided by GSM.
It uses Iu-CS interface as A interface in GSM.
PS (packet switch) domain The PS domain is based on GPRS, with substitution of
the Iu-PS interface for the Gb interface.
4. UTRAN overview
It is composed of one or more RNS connected to core
network through IuCS/IuPS interface.
UMTS Core Network
(UCN)
IuCS
UTRAN
IuPS
RANAP
RANAP
RNS
RNC
Iub
Node B
RNS
RNSAP
Iur
(logical connection)
RNC
Iub
Iub
Node B
cell
cell
Iub
Node B
cell
Node B
cell
Uu
Uu
UE
UE
5. UTRAN Components
Node B
A Node B is responsible for radio transmission/reception in one or more
cells to/from the user equipment. It can support Frequency Division
Duplex (FDD) mode, Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode or dual-mode
operation. It provides the following interfaces • Iub interface towards the UMTS RNC
• Uu interface towards the UE
RNC
The RNC is the central element in the UTRAN. It’s main function is to
control and manage the RAN(Radio Access Network) and the radio
channels. For each connection between a UE and the UTRAN, there is
one serving RNS. A drift RNS supports the serving RNS by providing
radio resources.
6. UTRAN Functionalities
The UTRAN provides the following functions:
• Transfer of user data
Provides user data transfer capability across the UTRAN between the Iu and
Uu reference points.
• Radio channel ciphering and deciphering
Provides Ciphering and deciphering services for radio channel sessiondependent key, derived through signaling and/or session dependent
information.
• Services related to Broadcast and Multicast traffic
Provides Broadcast and Multicast Information distribution and flow control
• CBS status reporting
RNC collects status data per cell (No-of-Broadcast-Completed-List, RadioResource-Loading-List) and provides to CBC if requested.
• Data volume reporting - reports the volume of unacknowledged data to
the CN for accounting purpose.
7. UTRAN Functionalities
• Functions related to overall system access control
Admission control
The purpose of the admission control is to admit or deny new users, new
radio access bearers or new radio links.
Congestion control
The task of congestion control is to monitor, detect and handle situations
when the system is reaching a near overload or an overload situation
with the already connected users.
System information broadcasting
This function provides the mobile station with the Access Stratum and
Non-Access Stratum information. The basic control and synchronization
of this function is done in UTRAN.
8. UTRAN Functionalities
• Functions related to mobility
Handover
This function is based on radio measurements. It manages the mobility
of the radio interface and maintains the Quality of Service(QOS)
negotiated between the UE and the CN.
SRNS Relocation
The SRNS relocation function coordinates the activities when the SRNS
role is to be taken over by another RNS.
Paging support
This function provides the Core Network with the ability to contact the
UE when it is in the PLMN_IDLE state
Positioning
This function provides the capability to determine the geographic
position of a UE.
9. UTRAN Functionalities
• Functions related to radio resource management and control
Radio resource management is concerned with the allocation and
maintenance of radio communication resources.
Radio resource configuration and operation
It configures the radio network resources (cells ,transport channels)
Radio environment survey
It performs measurements on radio channels.
combining/splitting control
It controls the combining/splitting of information streams through cells
connection set-up and release
It is responsible for the control of connection element set-up and release.
Allocation and deallocation of radio bearers
It translates the connection element set-up or release requests into
physical radio channel allocation or deallocation.
10. UTRAN Functionalities
RF power control
This group of functions controls the level of the transmitted power to
minimize interference and keep the quality of the connections.
Radio channel coding
It provides functions for detection or correction of signal errors
introduced by the transmission medium.
Radio channel decoding
It provides channel coding function to detect or correct possible errors in
the received data flow.
Initial (random) access detection and handling
It provides functions that has the ability to detect an initial access
attempt from a mobile station and respond appropriately.
11. CoreNetwork Overview
It provides functions that has the ability to detect an initial access
attempt from a mobile station and respond appropriately.
The UMTS Core Network is split into a circuit-switched (CS) domain
and a packet-switched (PS) domain
CCN :
The circuit-switched domain of the UMTS PLMN is called the Circuit
Core Network (CCN). The CCN performs the main circuit switching
functions and manages the following:
• communication among UMTS UE
• communication between UMTS UE and users in other networks
Major circuit-switched components
• Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit (TRAU)
• Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
• Home Location Register (HLR)
12. CoreNetwork Overview
TRAU
The TRAU is a device that takes UMTS speech packets as input and it
converts them into standard ISDN 64 kbps speech flow.
MSC
The MSC is responsible for circuit domain call processing and circuitswitched data. It coordinates the setup of calls to and from all UMTS
subscribers operating in its area. It controls the paging function
(incoming calls) and performs ticketing on calls for all subscribers based
in its area. The MSC transfers encryption parameters from Visitor
Location Registers (VLR) to the UTRAN to enable ciphering on the
radio interface.
HLR
It is a network database used for permanent management of mobile
subscribers within a PLMN. It is accessible from the 3G-SGSN and the
MSC.
13. CoreNetwork Overview
Packet-switched domain
The packet-switched domain contains the following major components:
• 3G-Serving GPRS Support Node (3G-SGSN)
• Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
3G-SGSN
The 3G-SGSN requests location information from the HLR through the
Gr interface. It performs setup and routing of data sessions.
GGSN
provides the point of interconnection with external Packet Data
Networks (PDN) for Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMN) supporting
UMTS. This interconnection utilizes the Gi interface. The GGSN stores
routing information for attached UMTS users. The routing information is
used to tunnel Protocol Data Units (PDU) to the current 3G-SGSN
serving the MS(UE).
14. CoreNetwork Overview
Other Core Network elements
VLR (Visitor Location Register)
The VLR contains all subscriber data required for call handling for the mobile subscribers currently located in the area
controlled by it.
AuC (Authentication Center)
It is a database that contains secret subscriber keys and security algorithms. It generates security information for
authentication and ciphering.
EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
It is a database that stores IMEIs used within a GSM or UMTS network. Additionally, the register may store the status
of said IMEI (classified as "white listed", "gray listed" or "black listed").
SMS Gateway MSC
It acts as an interface between a Short Message Service Center and the PLMN. Short messages can so be delivered to
mobile stations from the Service Center (SC).
SMS Interworking MSC
It acts as an interface between a Short Message Service Center and the PLMN.
IWF (Interworking Function)
It provides the functionality necessary for interworking between a PLMN and the fixed networks (ISDN, PSTN and
PDNs).
DNS (Domain Name Service) Server
It translates between Fully Qualified Domain Names and IP address. It translates the Access Point Names requested by
the subscribers to the IP address of the access point.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ) Server
It assigns IP addresses as required.
15. Protocols
Uu – Air interface between a nodeB and UE.
Iub -Interface between an RNC and its nodeBs.
Iur - Interface between two RNCs support specific functions such as handover.
Iupc - Interface between an RNC and a SAS (Stand-alone A-GPS SMLC) within the UTRAN.
Iu-CS - Circuit switched variant of the Iu interface.
Iu PS - Packet switched variant of the Iu interface.
B - Interface between the GSM/UMTS MSC and the VLR.
C - Interface between the GSM/UMTS MSC and the HLR.
D - Interface between the HLR and VLR.
E - Interface between the GSM/UMTS MSC and the VLR.
F - Interface between the Nortel GSM/UMTS MSC and the EIR.
G - Interface between VLRs using MAP/TCAP signaling over CCS7 SCCP and MTP.
Ga - interface between 3G-SGSN and the Charging Gateway Function (CGF) for billing.
Ge - Interface between SGSN and the SCP for CAMEL Phase III.
Gf - Interface between SGSN and EIR.
Gi - Interface between GGSN and the external network.
Gn - Interface between 3G-SGSN and GGSN, between different 3G-SGSNs in same PLMN.
Gp - Interface between 3G-SGSN and SGSN in different PLMNs. It is used for inter-PLMN.
Gr - Interface between the 3G-SGSN and the HLR.
X1 - A set of three interfaces (X1-1 – Administration, X1-2 Intercept Related Information, X1-3 Communication
Content) between a network and a Lawful Intercept Delivery Domain.
16. UMTS traffic classes
The UMTS network services have different QoS classes for four types of traffic:
• conversational class
The conversational class is the typical class for speech telephony. The conversational call
is the most demanding class for transfer delays (the maximum affordable value is given
by human perception).
• streaming class
The streaming class has the same real-time constraints as the conversational class.
However, since it is a one-way class of service (the user is just listening or viewing) the
streaming class is less transfer-delay sensitive than the conversational class.
• interactive class
The interactive class is not as real-time constraining as the conversational and streaming
classes. However, the interactive class requires a very low bit-error rate.
• background class
The background class is equivalent to the interactive class. The difference between the
two classes is that the background class is less delivery-time sensitive and has a lower
priority.
17. UMTS Base Stations (NodeB)
Femto Cell – It is a small, low-power cellular base station designed for use
in a home or small business. It connects to the service provider’s network
via broadband (such as DSL or cable).
Pico Cell - It is capable of providing services to UE within a building.it is
used to extend coverage to indoor areas where outdoor signals do not reach
well or to add network capacity in areas with very dense phone usage.
Micro Cell - It is served by a low power cellular base station (tower),
covering a limited area such as a mall, a hotel, or a transportation hub. A
microcell uses power control to limit the radius of its coverage area.
Macro Cell – It is served by a high power cellular base station (tower)
covering larger than microcell. The antennae for macrocells are mounted on
ground-based masts, rooftops and other existing structures. It is capable of
providing services to UE within a city.
18. UMTS Numbers
UMTS PLMN (Public Land Mobile Networks) use unique numbers to identify and route calls to
UE. The numbers used in UMTS are described as below IMEI - The International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) uniquely identifies the mobile
equipment.
MSISDN - The Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network (MSISDN) number is the
unique phone number that consists of Country Code + National Destination Code + Subscriber
Number. MSISDNs are allocated according to the CCITT E.164 numbering plan.
IMSI - The International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is a unique identification of the
subscriber. It is stored in the SIM (see below) and Home Location Register (HLR). IMSIs are
allocated according to CCITT E.212.
TMSI - The Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) is a unique identity temporarily
allocated to visiting UE. The TMSI identifies the UE within a specific VLR as part of the
confidentiality service. The TMSI is used in the Circuit Switched (CS) domain.
P-TMSI - The P-TMSI (Packet-Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity) is equivalent to the
TMSI, for the Packet Switched (PS) domain.
MSRN - The Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number (MSRN) is temporarily assigned to the UE
while roaming and is used to terminate calls to the UE.