Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds that are extremely important to life. Our bodies, medicines, fuels, plastics and many other materials are made of organic compounds. Carbon can form diverse compounds because it can form various bonds to itself and other elements. The structure and bonding of organic molecules determines their properties. Key groups like alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids and esters impact a molecule's chemistry. There are several families of hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes and aromatics whose formulas vary based on saturation.

1. Organic Chemistry ( the study of organic compounds, those containing the element carbon)

2. 1. Our bodies are made up of organic comp’ds

3. We study organic compounds because they are very important to our lives.

5. C lies at top of Grp 4A and is relatively small element. The Position of Carbon in the Periodic Table

6. “ I am Carbon and I am Special” 1. I can form strong and short C-C bonds. 2. I gladly form carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C), and I can even form carbon-carbon triple bonds (C ≡C) . 3. I have no problem bonding to other elements (H, O, N, S, etc.–I love them all). Given where I am in the periodic table, I typically form four bonds, except in carbon monoxide (CO). You can spend your whole life learning about me!

7. Some bonding possibilities for C

8. I Can Amaze You With Diversity Consider the number of compounds possible ( 23 ) from just 4 single bonded C atoms, one O atom, the required H atoms These are called structural isomers –compounds with the same chemical formulas, but different ways of connecting the atoms together to form different functional groups, or different compounds with completely different chemical and physical properties.

10. Two isomers of butane (C 4 H 10 )

11. Fig. 10.3a n-butane

12. Fig. 10.3b iso-butane

14. Certain Parts of Me Make Me Behave in Certain Predictable Ways Functional Groups – atoms or specific groups of atoms in a molecule that impart specific chemical and physical properties to the molecule. The secret to learning organic chemistry. As the periodic table is to inorganic chemistry, functional groups are the easy way to learn organic chemistry.

17. Four of the Functional Groups C O H Alcohol Alcohol group - Hydroxyl group .. .. Ether group C O C .. .. Ether Carboxylic acid group Ester group .. .. Ester C O C O .. .. .. C O H O Carboxyl .. .. ..

20. Structures & Classes of Hydrocarbons (HCs)

21. There are four families of hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics.

22. Hydrocarbons (HCs) C + H Saturated hydrocarbons Alkanes: general formula is C n H 2 n +2 Cycloalkanes: general formula is C n H 2 n ( n is a positive whole number for all HCs) Unsaturated hydrocarbons Alkenes: general formula is C n H 2 n Alkynes: general formula is C n H 2 n –2 Aromatics: usually contain one or more rings of six C atoms called benzene rings ( n is a positive whole number for all HCs)