Presented by Ben A. Lukuyu, Leonard Marwa, Gregory Sikumba and David Ngunga at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Malawi, 14-16 July 2015

1. Integrated livestock feed interventions in the
maize-based systems of Babati district, Tanzania
Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Review and Planning Meeting,
Malawi, 14-16 July 2015
Ben A. Lukuyu, Leonard Marwa, Gregory Sikumba and David Ngunga
ILRI

2. the Livestock angle!
 Integrating improved FORAGES as
animal FEED and LAND
MANAGEMENT strategy (ILRI/CIAT)
 Enhancing use of CROP RESIDUES
(cereals, legumes and vegetable
waste) as animal FEED (ILRI/CIAT)
 Exploiting locally available feed
resources to feed indigenous chickens
(ILRI/AVRDC)

3. Pilot chicken rations
20162010 2011 2015201420132012
RESEARCH
DEVELOPEMENT
Scoping
visits
Feed assessments using
the FEAST tool
Survey for
indigenous
chickens
On station testing
of forage varieties
On farm testing
of forage
varieties
Forage ‘best bets’
identified
Tested various forage
combinations on farm
Introduced and
tested forage
choppers Purchased more
efficient forage
choppers and
feed mills
Forage ‘best best’
combinations
identified
Initiate
integration on
farms
Develop business
models around
forage choppers &
feed mills
Identify forage
champions
Develop a forage seed
and planting materials
supply system
Chicken
rations
formulated
Chicken
rations tested

4. Pilot testing improved forages
in Seloto, Sabilo and Long
villages of Babati district.
Conducted participatory
preference assessments of
introduced forage varieties
with communities
Activity 1: Introduce improved forages for livestock feed and as
a land management strategy into existing farming systems.

5. Forages technologies….
Napier grass/ Leucaena leucocephala plot in Babati
A Napier grass plot in
Babati
Desmodium green leaf plot in Babati
Desmodium/Napier grass
intercrop plot in Babati

6. Performance of Napier grass accessions
-
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
ILRI 16835 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16837 ILRI 14984 Kakamega 1 Kakamega 2
Yield(Ton/DM/acre)
Napier grass acessions
Leaf Yield (Ton/DM/acre) Stem Yield (Ton/DM/acre) Total Average yield (Ton/DM/acre)

7. Farmer variety preferences
Accession Attributes
Ranking of
attributes
Rank by
total
yield
Rank by
quality (leaf:
stem ratio
ILRI 16837
1) Large number of leaves /plant and
shoots/stool
1
31) Resistant to drought 3 1
1) Rapid recovery after cutting 2
1) Late flowering 4
KK2
1) Fewer leaves/stem, shoots/stool and
medium height stems
1
11) Resilient to drought 4 3
1) Fast recovery after cutting 3
1) Large size leaves and thick stems 2
ILRI 16835
1) Fewer shoots but vigorous 1
21) Tolerant to drought 3 2
1) Late flowering 2

8. GrowthResults2015LongVillage
Accession ILPT (cm)
Average
Height (cm) # LPT # TPP # IPT
LA
(cm-2)
SC
(cm)
Kakamega 1 10.75 189.83 15 58 7 228.20 6.50
Kakamega 2 12.17 165.67 11 30 5 372.55 6.50
ILRI 16837 9.12 199.83 13 39 6 388.32 7.40
ILRI 16803 11.83 154.33 9 82 2 209.35 5.00
ILRI 16835 12.17 280.00 15 34 8 477.54 7.00
ILRI 14984 13.67 173.33 11 60 4 271.95 6.00
Total 11.30 190.93 13 48 5 326.33 6.53
GrowthResults2015SabiloVillage
Accession
ILPT
(cm)
Average Height
(cm) # LPT # TPP # IPT LA (cm-2) SC (cm)
Kakamega 1 9 165.83 13 66 7 242.15 7.33
Kakamega 2 9 154.83 13 36 7 340.91 7.00
ILRI 16837 7 151.17 14 34 7 335.30 5.83
ILRI 16803 9 145.67 14 41 6 187.37 4.00
ILRI 16835 10 217.67 14 30 6 305.04 7.67
ILRI 14984 9 157.67 13 67 4 231.74 5.67
Total 9 166.18 14 44 6 277.57 6.30
Note: LPT=Number of Leaves per Tiller, TPP=Number of Tillers per plant, IPT=Number of Internode per Tiller,
ILPT=Internode length per tiller (cm), LA=Leaf Area (cm2), SC=Stem Circumference (cm)

9. Napier Forage yield
(2015 long rain season )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Kakamega KK2 ILRI 16837 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16835 ILRI 14984
Yieldton/ha
Sabilo Village Average Napier Yield
(ton/ha)
Leaf
Stem
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Kakamega KK2 ILRI 16837 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16835 ILRI 14984
Yieldton/ha
Long Village Average Napier Yield
(ton/ha)
Leaf
Stem
 High yield of stems
These stems go to waste due
to poor processing. Results
warrants the need to increase
use of forage choppers.

10. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Plant Leaf Chemical Results
Kakamega
KK2
ILRI 16837
ILRI 16803
ILRI 16835
ILRI 14984
Average
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Stem Chemical analysis Results
Kakamega
KK2
ILRI 16837
ILRI 16803
ILRI 16835
ILRI 14984
Overall
NIRS and Wet chemistry laboratory
results for Stem and leaf for 6 Napier
accessions.
Note:
Samples of crop residues and other
available feed and forages have been
sampled and analyzed for quality to
formulate rations for both livestock
and poultry.
There is no much difference in
nutritional quality (CP%), and True In
vitro Organic Matter digestibility
percent (TIVOMD).

11. Large areas are committed to crop production
with limited areas of land committed to
planted fodder.
Crop residues such as maize stover and bean
haulms are commonly fed to livestock due to
inadequate grazing land.
Crop residues are abundant but poorly stored
and used.
Activity2: Crop residue utilization

12. Availability of major types of crop residues in
Long, Sabilo and Seloto villages, Babati district
Type of crop
residues
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Maizestover
Beans haulms
Pigeon pea haulms
Sorghum straw
Chick pea haulms
Finger millet straw

13. Maize stover yields observed in selected villages in Babati
during the 2012-2013 cropping season

14.  Post-harvest forage processing technologies offer
potential to enhance use of crop residues for
livestock feeding through;
o Improved storage
o Handling
o Transportation
o Increased feed intake
Enhancing crop residues use

15. Tested forage choppers with farmers
Fuel driven forage chopper in Babati Maize stover baler in Babati
Capacity development around forage
choppers
Building business models around
forages
Emerging needs

16. Keyfindings
• Plenty cereal and legume grain products available on
farms
• Plenty of unutilized vegetable waste exist in vegetable
growing areas
• Poor processing of cereal and vegetable by
products/waste (a lack of technology)
• Poor storage of feed resources
• Indigenous chickens comprise 96.5% of the chickens
kept in Babati district.
• Farmers own an average of 5 birds per HH.
• A total of 53.2% of HH keep indigenous chickens
under extensive system
• There is high mortality rate (60%) mainly due to
malnutrition, diseases, predators, and rough
environmental conditions.
Activity 3: Improved feeding of indigenous chickens using
localfeed resources

17.  Chicken feed rations based on locally available
resources being tested with farmers
Vegetable based rations (2)
Cereal by product based rations (2)
 Introduction of three (3) feeds mills for chicken feed
 Piloting ‘best bet’ rations with farmers
Ongoing work…

18. Next steps….Integration and
sustainability of the
technologies
Test a business model around
feeds mills
for making chicken feed
Pilot ‘best bet’ chicken feed
rations

19. Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net
Thank you