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Livestock options for small producers
- 1. Southern SAWG Sustainable Ag Conference Mobile, Alabama Basic Livestock Options for Small Producers Clay Wright, Livestock Consultant Noble Foundation Ardmore, Oklahoma January 17, 2015
- 3. Agricultural Division Education & Outreach
- 4. Agricultural Division Research and Demonstration
- 5. Consultation
- 10. Rank Consultation Needs: Livestock Pasture Soil Fertility Wildlife Horticulture Crops Financial/Marketing Ponds
- 15. Soil determines kind and amount of forage your property can support. Texture, depth, available water, slope, topography, fertility, etc.
- 16. Forage production determines number of animals your property can support. Species, vigor, percent stand, season of growth, rainfall, grazing management, fertilizer, etc.
- 17. Soil Management Forage Production Health Nutrition Reproduction Marketing
- 26. These are the estimated average yields per acre that can be expected of selected nonirrigated crops under a high level of management. In any given year, yields may be higher or lower than those indicated because of variations in rainfall and other climatic factors. The yields are based mainly on the experience and records of farmers, conservationists, and extension agents. Available yield data from nearby areas and results of field trials and demonstrations also are considered. The management needed to obtain the indicated yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil and the crop. Management can include drainage, erosion control, and protection from flooding; the proper planting and seeding rates; suitable high-yielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage; control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects; favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure, and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures the smallest possible loss. The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity of each soil for the selected crop. Yields are likely to increase as new production technology is developed. The productivity of a given soil compared with that of other soils, however, is not likely to change.
- 28. These are the estimated average yields per acre that can be expected of selected nonirrigated crops under a high level of management. In any given year, yields may be higher or lower than those indicated because of variations in rainfall and other climatic factors. The yields are based mainly on the experience and records of farmers, conservationists, and extension agents. Available yield data from nearby areas and results of field trials and demonstrations also are considered. The management needed to obtain the indicated yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil and the crop. Management can include drainage, erosion control, and protection from flooding; the proper planting and seeding rates; suitable high-yielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage; control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects; favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure, and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures the smallest possible loss. The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity of each soil for the selected crop. Yields are likely to increase as new production technology is developed. The productivity of a given soil compared with that of other soils, however, is not likely to change.
- 30. Agricultural Division Do Soil Sample In management zones Down to 6 inches 15 to 20 cores/sample Sample major soil areas separately
- 34. Agricultural Division Stocking rate on rangelands is 8-20 acres per animal unit year in the NF service area.
- 37. Bermudagrass is the most prevalent “introduced grass” in our region
- 38. Agricultural Division Stocking rate on introduced pastures: 6-8 acres per AU without added fertilizer; 2-4 acres with.
- 39. Agricultural Division Grass – 70 Weeds – 20 Browse – 10
- 40. Agricultural Division Grass – 60 Weeds – 30 Browse – 10
- 41. Agricultural Division Grass – 20 Weeds – 20 Browse – 60
- 42. Agricultural Division Nutrient Removed (lbs/ton)* Price ($/lb)** Cost ($/ton) Nitrogen (N) 46 .50 23.00 Phosphorus (P2O5) 12 .61 7.32 Potassium (K2O) 50 .49 24.50 Total $54.59 *Nutrient removal assumption varies by reporting agency. ** Prices as of January, 2015. Value of nutrients in 1 ton BG hay
- 46. Nutrient Requirements, 1100# Cow Calving Breeding Weaning to to to Last Breeding Weaning Last 1/3 Trimester Dry Matter 26.2 25.1 21.3 22.7 Crude Protein 2.75 2.18 1.41 1.93 TDN Energy 15.5 13.8 10.1 12.3
- 47. Agricultural Division Classes: Growing/finishing Breeding bulls Pregnant replacement heifers Cows Sex, size, age Stage of reproduction Level of milk Rate of gain Body condition
- 48. Nutrient Requirements, 200# Ewe Lambing Breeding Weaning to to to Last Breeding Weaning Last 1/3 Trimester Dry Matter 7.6 5.2 3.2 3.8 Crude Protein 1.27 .56 .31 .35 TDN Energy 4.8 3.08 1.8 2.09
- 49. Nutrient Requirements, 132# Doe Kidding Weaning to to Last Breeding Last 1/3 Trimester Dry Matter 4.1 3.2 4.3 Crude Protein .23 .17 .47 TDN Energy 2.2 1.3 2.8
- 54. Auburn Extension: Immunizations for Does ● Clostridials - C and D ● Pneumonia ● Leptospirosis (off label) ● Caseous Lymphadenitis (off label) ● Rabies ● Chlamydia ● Vibriosis
- 55. Oklahoma Extension: Immunizations for Does ● Clostridials - C and D ● Pneumonia ● Leptospirosis (off label) ● Caseous Lymphadenitis (off label, if problem) ● Rabies ● Chlamydia ● Vibriosis (if problem)
- 56. Vibrio Lepto ● Abortion diseases caused by Leptospirosis and Campylobacter ● More important in wetter climates ● Vaccination is the only prevention since it does not respond to medical treatment and immunity after infection is poor ● Abortions may reach up to 75% of herd
- 57. Deworm spring and fall Clostridials to kids
- 58. Comprehensive program for bucks, does, kids
- 61. Beef Quality Assurance Nation-wide effort by NCBA Education, training, certification http://www.aces.edu/animalforage/BQA/
- 62. Health To Do List Learn diseases and parasites Develop herd health program with veterinarian Become BQA certified
- 64. Marketing: ● Traditional auction barns ● Direct to consumer Holidays, special occasions ● Ethnic/faith-based Passover - >50# Feast of Abraham - >70#
- 65. Marketing sheep and goats: Organic Grass-fed Naturally raised Certified Humane Raised and Handled Animal Welfare Approved Others
- 66. Wind protection Holding pen – 15 sq. ft. Crowding pen – 6 sq. ft. Corral fence – 48” Chute – 12-14” wide 48” high Sheep and Goat Facilities
- 67. Wind protection Holding pen – 14-20 sq. ft. Crowding pen – 6-12 sq. ft. Corral fence – 60” Chute – 18-30” wide 45-60” high Cattle Facilities
- 68. How do goats differ from cattle? ● Require a more nutritious diet. ● Browse vs. graze. ● More selective diet. ● Fatten differently (inside-out) Require better fencing. Poorer immunity to parasites. ● Greater reproductive capacity. ● Shelter seeking. ● Easier to handle. More labor-intensive.
- 69. How do goats differ from sheep? Prefer to browse. ● Top-down grazer. ● More selective diet. ● Higher maintenance requirements, as % of BW. Poorer immunity to parasites. ● Need/tolerate higher Cu levels. ● Shelter seeking. ● Reach puberty earlier and tend to be more prolific and less seasonal. ● 21-d estrus cycle vs. 17 d. ● Almost always horned.
- 75. All production starts with the soil Then forage production and management Provide nutrition and health Marketing