1. PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDES
• Secreted from F cells of Pancreas
• Polypeptide with 36 amino acids
• Structurally similar to Neuropeptide Y secreted
from hypothalamus
• Secreted in response to food intake
• Inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion
• Slows the absorption of food from the GI tract
3. DIABETES
•A serious diso
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hydrate
metabolism
•Most common endocrine disorder
•Results from hyposecretion or hypoactivity
of insulin
•The three cardinal signs of DM are:
• Polyuria – huge urine output
• Polydipsia – excessive thirst
4. Classification of DM
Type 1 or IDDM - Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus
Type 2 or NIDDM - Non-Insulin Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus
Other Types of Diabetes Mellitus – MODY, pancreatic
diseases, drug induced (corticosteroids, thiazide
diuretics, phenytoin)
5.
6. 52
Polyphagia – decreased activity of
satiety center removes its inhibitory
effect on feeding center in brain
Polyuria – is due to osmotic diuresis
Polydipsia – dehydration due to
polyuria stimulates thirst
7. 53
Glycosuria - because when insulin is
not present, glucose is not taken up
out of the blood at the target cells.
So blood glucose is very highly
increased → increased glucose is
filtered and excreted in the urine
(exceeds transport maximum)
8. 54
Ketosis -
Fats and proteins are metabolized
excessively, and byproducts known as
ketone bodies are produced. These are
released into the bloodstream and
cause:
Decreased pH (so increased acidity)
Compensations for metabolic
acidosis
Acetone given off in breath
9. 55
Weight loss - patient eats, but nutrients
are not taken up by the cells and/or
are not metabolized properly
“Disease of Starvation midst of
Plenty”
10.
11. DIAGNOSIS
•Demonstrating persistent hyperglycemia &
glycosuria
•Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) – oral is
preferred
•Estimation of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS)
•FBS more than 126mg% in more than two
occasions confirms DM
