LING 100 - Practice with Articulatory Phonetics (Post-Class Slides) - Slides with answers for exercises on in-class slides. For students to download after tutorial, for study purposes.

1. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Practice with Articulatory Phonetics
LING 100 2013W: Tutorial T02/T04
Meagan Louie
2013-09-27
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

2. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Outline
1 Articulatory Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
2 More Practice
Articulatory Description
3 Acoustic Phonetics
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

3. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Articulatory Categorization
The IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties:
1. Place of Articulation (bilabial, alveolar, pharyngeal, etc.)
2. Manner of Articulation (stop/plosive, fricative, glide, etc.)
3. Airstream Mechanism (voiced, voiceless, ejective, etc.)
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

4. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Identify the Place of Articulation
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

5. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Identify the Place of Articulation
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

6. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Identifying Place of Articulation
Identify the place of articulation of the first and last consonants
(a) bang
(b) smack
(c) thud
(d) crash
(e) splat
(f) wham
(g) pear
(h) tank
(i) flight
(j) yellow
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

7. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Identifying Place of Articulation
Identify the place of articulation of the first and last consonants
(a) bang bilabial [b], velar [N]
(b) smack alveolar [s], velar [k]
(c) thud (inter)dental [T], alveolar [d]
(d) crash velar [k], post-alveolar [S]
(e) splat alveolar [s], alveolar [t]
(f) wham labio-velar [w], bilabial [m]
(g) pear bilabial [p], alveolar [ô]
(h) tank alveolar [t], velar [k]
(i) flight labio-dental [f], alveolar [t]
(j) yellow palatal [j], n/a
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

8. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
What about vowels?
1. Height: High, Mid, Low
2. Backness: Front, Central, Back
3. Roundedness: Rounded, Unrounded
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

9. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Identifying Place of Articulation
Identify the Height, Backness and Roundedness for each vowel
(i) heed
(ii) hid
(iii) head
(iv) had
(v) father
(vi) soon
(vii) spleen
(viii) said
(2i) hood
(2ii) hoot
(2iii) high
(2iv) hay
(2v) house
(2vi) cup
(2vii) bag
(2viii) slice
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

10. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Identifying Place of Articulation
Identify the Height, Backness and Roundedness for each vowel
(i) heed H, F, U, (tense)
(ii) hid H, F, U, (lax)
(iii) head M, F, U, (lax)
(iv) had L, F, U
(v) father L, B, U
(vi) soon H, B, R, (tense)
(vii) spleen H, F, U (tense)
(viii) said M, F, U, (lax)
(2i) hood H, B, R (lax)
(2ii) hoot H, B, R, (tense)
(2iii) high L, C, U → H, F, U
(2iv) hay M, F, U → H, F, U
(2v) house L, C, U → H, B, R
(2vi) cup M, C, U
(2vii) bag L, F, U
(2viii) slice L, C, U → H, F, U
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

11. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Canadian Raising
Do your vowels in ’house’ and ’slice’ seem to start off
mid (central)
instead of low (central)?
Pronouncing the vowels in ’house’ and ’slice’ that way is
characteristic of English dialects with Canadian Raising
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

12. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, close
enough so that turbulent airflow is produced.
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

13. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, close
enough so that turbulent airflow is produced.
2. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact).
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

14. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, close
enough so that turbulent airflow is produced.
2. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact).
3. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact),
and then this closure is slowly released so that turbulent airflow is
produced.
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

15. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, close
enough so that turbulent airflow is produced.
2. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact).
3. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact),
and then this closure is slowly released so that turbulent airflow is
produced.
4. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, but not
one close enough so that turbulent airflow is produced.
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

16. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, close
enough so that turbulent airflow is produced. fricative
2. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth. stop
3. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact),
and then this closure is slowly released so that turbulent airflow is
produced. affricate
4. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, but not
one close enough so that turbulent airflow is produced. glide
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

17. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The soft palate/velum is raised so that the airstream into the nasal
cavity is blocked
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

18. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The soft palate/velum is raised so that the airstream into the nasal
cavity is blocked
2. The soft palate/velum is lowered, so that the airstream flows through
the nasal cavity
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

19. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The soft palate/velum is raised so that the airstream into the nasal
cavity is blocked
2. The soft palate/velum is lowered, so that the airstream flows through
the nasal cavity
3. A closure at the centre of the mouth, so that air can flow over one or
both sides of the tongue
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

20. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The soft palate/velum is raised so that the airstream into the nasal
cavity is blocked
2. The soft palate/velum is lowered, so that the airstream flows through
the nasal cavity
3. A closure at the centre of the mouth, so that air can flow over one or
both sides of the tongue
4. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact),
but the closure is very brief
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

21. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation
Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions
1. The soft palate/velum is raised so that the airstream into the nasal
cavity is blocked oral
2. The soft palate/velum is lowered, so that the airstream flows through
the nasal cavity nasal
3. A closure at the centre of the mouth, so that air can flow over one or
both sides of the tongue liquid
4. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact),
but the closure is very brief flap
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

22. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Identifying Manner of Articulation
Identify the manner of articulation of the first and last consonant
(a) bang
(b) smack
(c) thud
(d) crash
(e) splat
(f) wham
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

23. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Identifying Manner of Articulation
Identify the manner of articulation of the first and last consonant
(a) bang bilabial stop, velar nasal stop
(b) smack alveolar fricative, velar (oral) stop
(c) thud (inter)dental fricative, alveolar (oral) stop
(d) crash velar (oral) stop, post-alveolar fricative
(e) splat alveolar fricative, alveolar (oral) stop
(f) wham labio-velar glide, bilabial nasal stop
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

24. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Airstream Mechanism
Sounds are made by causing movement/vibrations in the air;
speech sounds (stops, in particular) can be categorized according to:
1. Airstream: Pulmonic (lungs), Glottalic (glottis), Velaric (velum)
This has to do with which body of air in the vocal tract is moving
(i.e., where/how the pressure differential is created)
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

25. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Airstream Mechanism
Sounds are made by causing movement/vibrations in the air;
speech sounds (stops, in particular) can be categorized according to:
1. Airstream: Pulmonic (lungs), Glottalic (glottis), Velaric (velum)
This has to do with which body of air in the vocal tract is moving
(i.e., where/how the pressure differential is created)
2. Direction: Egressive, Ingressive
This has to do with whether the air is moving out of the vocal tract,
or into the vocal tract
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

26. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Airstream Mechanism
Sounds are made by causing movement/vibrations in the air;
speech sounds (stops, in particular) can be categorized according to:
1. Airstream: Pulmonic (lungs), Glottalic (glottis), Velaric (velum)
This has to do with which body of air in the vocal tract is moving
(i.e., where/how the pressure differential is created)
2. Direction: Egressive, Ingressive
This has to do with whether the air is moving out of the vocal tract,
or into the vocal tract
3. Voicing: Voiced (vocal folds tightly closed so that they vibrate), or
voiceless
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

27. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Airstream Mechanism
Kinds of stop consonants
1. Plosives: p, t, k, q, etc. Pulmonic, Egressive
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

28. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Airstream Mechanism
Kinds of stop consonants
1. Plosives: p, t, k, q, etc. Pulmonic, Egressive
2. Ejectives:: p’, t’ k’, q’, etc. Glottalic, Egressive
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

29. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Airstream Mechanism
Kinds of stop consonants
1. Plosives: p, t, k, q, etc. Pulmonic, Egressive
2. Ejectives:: p’, t’ k’, q’, etc. Glottalic, Egressive
3. Implosives: á , â , ê , ä , É, etc. Glottalic, Ingressive
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

30. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
Airstream Mechanism
Kinds of stop consonants
1. Plosives: p, t, k, q, etc. Pulmonic, Egressive
2. Ejectives:: p’, t’ k’, q’, etc. Glottalic, Egressive
3. Implosives: á , â , ê , ä , É, etc. Glottalic, Ingressive
4. Clicks: ò, |, !, }, etc. Velaric, Ingressive
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

31. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Articulatory Description
Outline
1 Articulatory Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
2 More Practice
Articulatory Description
3 Acoustic Phonetics
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

32. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Articulatory Description
Articulatory Description: Make the following sounds
(a) voiced bilabial stop
(b) low front unrounded vowel
(c) voiced lateral approximate
(d) voiceless lateral approximate
(e) high back rounded vowel
(f) voiceless alveolar fricative
(g) voiced velar nasal
(h) voiced postalveolar affricate
(i) voiced palatal glide
(j) mid front lax unrounded vowel
(k) voiced dental fricative
(l) voiceless labiodental fricative
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

33. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Articulatory Description
Like Articulatory Phonetics?
→ Ladefoged’s ”A Course in Phonetics”
(There are probably a lot of old editions available - I actually prefer the
4th, 5th editions to the 6th edition)
There’s also lots of information on acoustic phonetics in Ladefoged...
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

34. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Outline
1 Articulatory Phonetics
Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Airstream Mechanism
2 More Practice
Articulatory Description
3 Acoustic Phonetics
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

35. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Using PRAAT for Acoustic Phonetics
If you like acoustic phonetics...
Use PRAAT!
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

36. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Using PRAAT for Acoustic Phonetics
If you like acoustic phonetics...
Use PRAAT!
1. For recording your voice (or other voices)
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

37. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Using PRAAT for Acoustic Phonetics
If you like acoustic phonetics...
Use PRAAT!
1. For recording your voice (or other voices)
2. For seeing a visual representation of the acoustic properties of your
voice - waveforms and spectrograms
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

38. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Using PRAAT for Acoustic Phonetics
If you like acoustic phonetics...
Use PRAAT!
1. For recording your voice (or other voices)
2. For seeing a visual representation of the acoustic properties of your
voice - waveforms and spectrograms
3. For analyzing or manipulating your voice recordings
How can I use PRAAT?
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

39. Articulatory Phonetics
More Practice
Acoustic Phonetics
Using PRAAT for Acoustic Phonetics
If you like acoustic phonetics...
Use PRAAT!
1. For recording your voice (or other voices)
2. For seeing a visual representation of the acoustic properties of your
voice - waveforms and spectrograms
3. For analyzing or manipulating your voice recordings
How can I use PRAAT?
1. Download PRAAT here
2. A ”screencast/video-tutorial” about PRAAT
Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics