2. • The Republic of China (traditional
Chinese: 中華民國; simplified Chinese: 中华民
国; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó; Wade–Giles:
Chung1-hua2 Min2-kuo2) was founded in 1912
and it governed mainland China until 1949,
when it lost the mainland during the
Chinese Civil War and withdrew to
Taiwan.
3. • The History of the Republic of China begins
after the Qing Dynasty in 1912, when the
formation of the Republic of China as a
constitutional republic put an end to over
2,000 years of Imperial rule. The Qing Dynasty,
(also known as the Manchu Dynasty), ruled
from 1644–1912. Since its founding after the
Xinhai Revolution, (Chinese Revolution) of 1911,
the Republic had experienced many trials and
tribulations, being dominated by elements as
disparate as warlord generals and foreign
powers.
• In 1928, the Republic was nominally unified
under the "Kuomintang" (KMT)—Chinese
4. Most nation-building efforts were stopped
during the full-scale "Second Sino- Japanese
War" / "War of Resistance" against Japan from 1937
to 1945, and later the widening gap between the
Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party made
a coalition government impossible, causing the
resumption of the Chinese Civil War, in 1946,
shortly after the Japanese surrender to the
Americans and the Western Allies in September
1945.
• A series of political, economic and military
missteps led to the Kuomintang's defeat and its
retreat to Taiwan (formerly Japanese-held
Chinese island of "Formosa") in 1949, where it
established an authoritarian one-party state
5. • Although supported for many years, even decades
by many nations especially with the support of the
United States who established a 1954 Mutual
Defense treaty, as the decades passed, since
political liberalization began in the late 1960s, the
PRC was able after a constant yearly campaign in
the United Nations to finally get approval in 1971, to
take the seat for "China" in the General Assembly,
and more importantly, be seated as one of the five
permanent members of the Security Council.
• . After recovering from this shock of rejection by
the world community, after the liberalization at
home in the late 1970s from the Nationalist
authoritarian government and following the death
of Chiang Kai-shek, the Republic of China has
transformed itself into a multiparty,
representative democracy on Taiwan and even
6. • PAINTING
• A new generation of Taiwan painters appeared
during the period of Japanese rule (1895-1945)
whose subject matter,like that impressionists,
entered on daily life or local landscapes.
Through their nativist art, characterized by
conscious desire to depict image evoking
Taiwan's unique identity, these oil painters has
an important influence on Taiwan's artistic
development.
• SCULPTURE
• Before the 1920’s the only form of sculpture
flourishing in taiwan were those used in temple
and folk arts.It was not until the 1970’s how
ever ,the sculpture was widely accepted as a
7. • CERAMICS
• Their contemporary ceramic art emerged in the
late 1940’s in miaoli city and yingge township in
taipei county.in the early 1950,it broke out of
ceramic factories into artistic
workshops,experimenting with shapes and
glaze,while remaining largely within
traditional functional frameworks.
• SEAL CARVING
• Carving names or inscriptions onto chops was
once a requisite skill for an well-rounded
literati along with painting and calligraphy.
nowadays,only a small numbers of artist still
specialize in the art of engraving name chops by
hands.
• Typically made of wood,jade,or soft precious
stones,the body of a name chop may be left
