2. Exploration in the New World
• Trade leads to colonization throughout
America
– Mostly by Spanish explorers
• Ponce de Leon—Florida
• Hernan Cortes—Aztec Empire in Mexico
• Hernando de Soto—Carolinas, Tennessee, Mississippi
River
• Francisco Vasquez de Coronado—Kansas, AZ, NM,
TX, OK and Grand Canyon
• Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo—California (SD & Monterey
Bay) from Mexico
Monterey Bay
San Diego
Cortes
De Soto
De Leon
AZ
NM
TX
OK
KS
FL
TN
NC
SC
3. • Explorers set up
missions to spread
Christianity
– 20 in CA by Friar
Junipero Serra
4. R
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P A C I FI C
O C EA N
G u l f o f M e x i c o
C a r i b b e a n S e a
A T L A N T I C O C EA N
The EuropeanColonies, 1650
Dutch settlement
English settlement
French settlement
Spanish settlement
0 500Miles
0 1000Kilometers
Swedish settlement
ACADIA
CANADA
NEW ENGLAND
NEW NETHERLAND
MARYLAND
VIRGINIA
ST. DOMINGUE
CUBA
FLORIDA
SANTODOMINGO
PUERTORICO
BERMUDA(Eng.)
CURAÇAO(D.)
NEW GRANADA
BAHAMAS
JAMAICA
NEW SPAIN
NEW SWEDEN
5. • French, Dutch begin exploration and colonization in Americas
• British colonize N. America under Elizabeth I
– Defeat the Spanish Armada to win land
– Roanoke Colony 1st settlement & colony in North America
• Established in 1587 by Sir Walter Raleigh who soon leaves
• Returns 1590 to colony, no trace of existence
– 1606 James I issues charters to London Co. & Plymouth Co. to
found and maintain colonies
6. • 1607 the Virginia Co. founds colony in Jamestown (first
successful colony)
– Within the 1st year most die due to exposure & starvation
– Helped by Powhatan tribe to farm & grow crops
– Shaky relationship with Indians
– John Smith & Pocahontas story based on this group
– First colonial legislature established—House of Burgesses
1916
– Used indentured servants & slaves
7. AmericanColonies
COLONY FOUNDED LEADER FIRSTSETTLEMENT
Mass. Bay 1630 JohnWinthrop Boston
New Hampshire 1623 JohnWheelwright Exeter
Connecticut 1636 ThomasHooker Hartford
Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams Providence
Delaware 1638 Peter Minuit Wilmington
New York 1664 Peter Minuit New York
New Jersey 1664 LordBerkeley East Jersey–Carteret
Sir Carteret West Jersey–Salem
Pennsylvania 1681 WilliamPenn Philadelphia
Virginia 1607 JohnSmith Jamestown
Maryland 1632 George Calvert St. Mary's
NorthCarolina 1663 Groupof eight Albemarle County
proprietors
SouthCarolina 1663 Groupof eight CharlesTown
proprietors (later Charleston)
Georgia 1732 JamesOglethorpe Savannah
Massachusetts
NewEngland
Colonies
Southern
Colonies
Middle
Colonies
COLONY FOUNDED LEADER FIRSTSETTLEMENT
Plymouth 1620 WilliamBradford Plymouth
8. New England (North) Colonies
• Economy largely based
on shipping
• Settled by Puritans &
Pilgrims for religious
freedom
• 1620—Mayflower
reaches
Massachusetts
• Pilgrims sign
Mayflower Compact
– Laws to protect general
good
• Established Plymouth
Colony
9. Middle Colonies
• Economy largely based
on farming
• New King Charles II
repays debts by giving
them colonial land
– New York, New Jersey,
Carolinas (Latin for
Charles) and
Pennsylvania are
privately owned
• Drives the Dutch out of
their settlement in
“New Amsterdam,” or
what we call New York
10. • Charles II issues
charters & 8 men
co-own Carolina
– Tensions rise due to
different styles of
leadership
– 1729 King divides
land into North &
South Carolina
• Georgia established
as a buffer zone
colony by English
between Carolinas
& Spanish Florida
11. The Southern Colonies
• Southern colonies were
much larger than any others,
cities were spaced farther
apart
– Causes plantations versus
farms
• Economy largely based on
plantations
• Plantations could grow cash
crops (product grown for
sale more than personal
use), causes great wealth
• South grows to heavily
depend on free labor, or
slavery, to manage, harvest
and run plantations
– Diverse population
12.
13. • NORTH/NEW ENGLAND
• Puritans were those who felt the Anglican church
was corrupt and wanted to ‘purify’ it. They were
persecuted in England, so they left.
– These were the ‘seperatists’ or aka Pilgrims. They
founded Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts.
• 1620’s more Puritans settle in New England calling
it Massachusetts Bay Colony
– Eventually absorb the Plymouth colony as well
– Felt they would be a “godly example”
– Jonathan Winters gives “City on a Hill” speech
– Successful colony, but very strict
• Government and laws often tied with religious
rules…you could be punished for skipping church!
14. • Many books have been written about this time and place
– The Crucible
– The Scarlet Letter
• The very strict nature of society, and primitive beliefs about
natural life led to the hysteria that allowed the trials to occur.
• Other causes…
– 1. Strong belief that Satan is acting in the world.
-"The invisible world": disease, natural catastrophes, and bad
fortune
– 2. A belief that Satan actively recruits witches and wizards
-Prior witchcraft cases
– 3. A belief that a person afflicted by witchcraft exhibits certain
symptoms.
– 4. A time of troubles, making it seem likely that Satan was active.
-Congregational strife in Salem Village
-Frontier wars with Indians
– 5. Stimulation of imaginations by slaves from other countries
– 6. Teenage boredom.
– 7. Lying
– 8. Old feuds (disputes within congregation, property disputes)
between the accusers and the accused spurring charges of
witchcraft.
15. The story…
• The preacher’s daughter and friend got caught up
listening to their slave’s native stories and folklore.
• Pretended to be possessed as witches
• Accused many prominent women in the community, as
well as outcasts, of witchcraft
o Some traits of a witch:
o Singing
o Reading
o Not conforming to Puritan law
o Not getting along with your neighbor
o Spending time alone
• Nothing could be proved, but hysteria took over and
many women were accused, tried and executed as
witches on the word of two teenage girls.
16. In the end…
o Nineteen men and women were hanged, all having been
convicted of witchcraft
o Another man of over eighty years was pressed to death under
heavy stones for refusing to submit to a trial on witchcraft
charges
o Many languished in jail for months without trials
• At least four died in prison
• Trials eventually stopped because people began to tire of the
subject, the trials and disbelief set in
17. • Some disagreed with the
strictness of the Puritans
beliefs
– Roger Williams spoke out
against the punishment of
settlers for their religious
beliefs.
– Williams was arrested and to
be sent to England, but
escaped
• Williams founds Rhode
Island with fundamental
guarantee of religious
freedom and separation of
church and state
18. • Other dissenters split to form
new colonies:
– Connecticut established by
Tom Hooker
– Anne Hutchinson was
banished for believing that
church and elders not
necessary for Biblical
interpretation…flees to R.I.
– New Hampshire in 1638 by
Anne’s brother in law
– Maryland established in 1634
by George Calvert, 1st Lord of
Baltimore
– Established as a haven
from stricter Puritan &
Pilgrim colonies (big
surprise!)
19. • MIDDLE & SOUTH
• William Penn establishes his colony (Pennsylvania) as a
haven for Quakers to escape persecution
• Middle and South are less strict, and more tolerant.
• More diverse groups form there including Baptists, Lutherans,
Anglicans, and Jews
– Remember that the Southern colonies, and areas like Louisiana and
Florida are settled by the French and Spanish…who are Catholic.
– Intermarriage between various cultures and ethnicities will spread and
change religious beliefs.
• Keep in mind, the population of slaves and immigrants is
higher, so there is a more diverse set of beliefs
