A brief history of DNA sequencing
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An overview of DNA sequencing technologies and achievements from the 1800s until today.
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A brief history of DNA sequencing
- 1. Gregor Mendel uses peas to figure out the fundamental principles of heredity 1865 1869 1953 19731965 1970 1972 1975 1977 1984 1986 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2005 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2017+ Friedrich Miescher isolates DNA, in the form of chormatin Francis Crick and James Watson publish the structure of DNA as a double helix Robert Holley and co-workers sequence yeast tRNA Ray Wu uses primer extension to read a short sequence of DNA for the first time Walter Fiers sequences first whole gene - coding for a MS2 virus protein Walter Gilbert and Allan Maxam develop way to sequence DNA using chemicals to cut DNA at certain bases Frederick Sanger introduces “plus and minus” method for DNA sequencing using gels to separate newly synthesized DNA by size Frederick Sanger establishes dideoxy sequencing - uses it to sequence genome of bacteriophage øx174 Fritz Pohl develops non-radioactive sequencing platform Leroy Hood and ABI develop first semi-automated DNA sequencing machines First bacteria gets its genome sequenced: H. influenza Mostafa Ronaghi introduces pyrosequencing, a next-generation “sequencing-by- synthesis” method ABI introduces first commercial sequencing using capillary electrophoresis S. cerevesiae genome is sequenced Solexa develops sequencing-by-synthesis method that uses fluorescent dyes C. elegans genome is sequenced First human chromosome 22 is sequenced A. thaliana and D. melanogaster genomes are sequenced Human Genome Project publishes first draft human genome sequence, final sequence in 2003 Complete mouse genome is published The 454 system, based on pyrosequencing, becomes the first next-generation sequencer to come on the market Illumina buys Solexa for $600 million SOLiD system, which uses sequencing by ligation, is launched Whole DNA sequence of a cancer is decoded for the first time Third-generation sequencing with single molecule fluorescent technology is launched with Helicos sequencer Pacific Biosciences launches first commercial product - PacBio RS - based on single molecule real time technology Oxford Nanopore Technologies commercializes nanopore sequencing Era of bioinformatics analysis and personalised medicine A BRIEF HISTORY OF DNA SEQUENCING Your sequencing services provider