Integrated landscape management in Kenya - WB Land and Poverty Conference
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This presentation summarizes findings from a new study by EcoAgriculture Partners, led by project manager Krista Heiner, on the policy and finance affecting the enabling environment for integrated landscape management (sustainable, community-led, participatory, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector, landscape-scale natural resource management) in Kenya.
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Integrated landscape management in Kenya - WB Land and Poverty Conference
- 1. Integrated Landscape Management in Kenya The state of the policy environment KRISTA HEINER*, SETH SHAMES*, EMILY SPIEGEL** *EcoAgriculture Partners, USA **Duke Environmental Law and Policy Clinic, USA kheiner@ecoagriculture.org 2016 WORLD BANK CONFERENCE ON LAND AND POVERTY The World Bank Washington, DC March 15, 2016
- 2. Outline โข Background โข Policy assessment framework and methodology โข Results โข Recommendations
- 3. 2015 International Commitments How do we implement these goals?
- 4. โImplementing integrated landscape management as a part of sustainable development strategies will be critical to securing the future we wantโ Achim Steiner Director General United Nations Environment Programme
- 5. What is a landscape? A complex mosaic, composed ofโฆ Socio-cultural + economic systems Ecological systems Rooted in its history Varying in size from hundreds to tens of thousands of hectares
- 6. Integrated Landscape Management Long-term collaboration among different groups of land managers and stakeholders to realize multiple objectives from the landscape
- 7. ILM in Africa and Kenya Africa: 87 ILIs in 33 countries Lari sub-county, Kenya
- 8. 4 key enabling conditions 1. Stakeholder engagement and cooperation 2. Appropriate legal and regulatory framework 3. Knowledge and capacity to plan and manage at a landscape scale 4. Financing and/or incentives
- 9. Assessment methodology 15 laws 12 policies & strategies 8 draft policies 8 bills Reviewed 21 Indicators Analyzed Interviewed 40 key informants
- 10. Results
- 11. Stakeholder cooperation and coordination โข County Integrated Development Plans and landscape-scale initiatives promote coordination, but agencies competitive
- 12. Appropriate legal and regulatory framework โข Devolution of power, but some overlapping mandates and incoherent laws
- 13. Knowledge and capacity โข Research and extension in sustainable farming practices, but spatial information lacking
- 14. Investment and incentives โข Public investment in water catchments, but most financing remains sectoral
- 15. Recommendations โข Improve inter-ministerial and interagency cooperation โข Harmonize roles, laws across sectors and levels of government โข Build capacity for intergovernmental coordination at the county level โข Catalyze ILM-friendly investments
- 16. Thank you! Krista Heiner, EcoAgriculture Partners krheiner@ecoagriculture.org www.ecoagriculture.org
Editor's Notes
- There is a need for integrated approaches: inter-linkages between economic, social and environmental challenges Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require integrated approach Synergies between land uses
- Global landscape forum (GLF), Dec 2015, side event of the Paris Conference of Parties of UNFCCC where first global climate agreement was secured.
- Through internet searches and interviews with key informants, we identified 15 laws, 12 policies and strategies, eight draft policies and eight bills relevant to review 21 indicators over 4 key enabling conditions then conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 key informants from 29 diverse public, private, and civil society organizations over 14 days in Kenya in May 2015
- National level: several institutions charged with coordinating functions But agencies are still competitive over resources and leadership roles County level: County Integrated Development Plans (CIDPs) provide frameworks for coordination Landscape level: Initiatives for water catchment management, wildlife corridors, integrated rangeland management facilitate collaboration at landscape National level: Public consultation receives high-level legal recognition County level: required component of integrated development planning Landscape level: co-management institutions like Community Forest Associations (CFAs) and Water Resource Usersโ Associations (WRUAs) involve stakeholder participation
- Laws and regulations are mutually supportive and non-contradictory across key sectors Overlapping institutional mandates have prompted calls for review and harmonization of policies Laws and regulations are mutually supportive and non-contradictory across levels of government The transition to the new Constitution and devolved government structure creates confusion; not all roles well defined yet Laws and regulations (national and county) encourage the management of agriculture and natural resources at a landscape scale Environmental impact assessments incorporate landscape considerations; management scales in some legislation can be based on geographic features rather than political boundaries; โlandscapesโ not used in the legal framework, but similar designations mentioned Property and access rights to natural resources are clear and secure Recognition of community land rights is promising; however, some areas of insecure land tenure and carbon rights not clearly defined Laws and regulations are supportive of participatory decision-making and planning The Forest and Water Acts both allow for participatory management, through CFAs and WRUAs
- There is public support for the generation, integration and dissemination of spatial information on key sectors related to ILM Several spatial information initiatives proposed or under development (i.e. Land Information Management System); at the county level, governments are encouraged to develop ten-year GIS-based spatial plans; most spatial planning is sector-specific, with little link among sectors or levels of government There is public support for research to develop sustainable farming systems and/or landscape management systems Public research promotes innovative approaches and technologies, such as climate smart agriculture and integrated forest management, but no integrated agricultural research system coordinates these efforts There is public support for landscape manager capacity development Governance, management and technical capacity needs; several types of sector-specific knowledge dissemination centers are established, but links between research and extension remain weak There is public support for development and use of landscape M&E frameworks The current policy framework supports mainly sectoral M&E frameworks, but calls for development of integrated M&E
- Public finance is available for enabling investments Some public financing is available for enabling investments in capacity building and stakeholder coordination Policies or programs promote coordinated investment (between sectors and/or between institutions) at a national and county levels Mixed support for coordinated investment across sectors and institutions: most public financing remains sectoral at both national and county levels; some opportunities for public-private sector coordination Policies or programs promote coordinated asset investment in landscapes (i.e. coordination in space and across sources) KAPSLM is the most notable example of coordinated investment in catchments, but a handful of other policies and initiatives also support coordinated investments and/or integrated objectives Policies or programs support incentive mechanisms for individual land managers to adopt practices that promote ILM (i.e. PES, subsidies/taxes, eco-certification of products, etc.) on public, private or community land Some incentives for particular ILM-friendly practices, such as agroforestry and climate smart agriculture; incentives under development include PES and certification schemes; however, explicit policies on PES, benefits sharing, and a strategy to achieve the 10 percent forest cover target lacking