The document discusses different types of polynomials, including: - Constant polynomials, which have the same numeric value regardless of the variable. - Null polynomials, which always have a value of zero. - Identical polynomials, which have the same numeric value for any variable value. - Changing variables in polynomials by substituting one variable for another. - Roots of polynomials, which are values that make the polynomial equal to zero. Roots can be multiple, meaning the polynomial is divisible by (x - root) multiple times.