Tools of our Trade (RDA, MARC21) 2010-03-15

UKOLN is supported by: The Tools of our Trade: AACR2/RDA and MARC Guest lecture at London Metropolitan University 15 th March 2010 Ann Chapman Community and Outreach Team

What are our Tools?
AACR/RDA = content standard for resource description and access
MARC = communication and exchange format providing a structure for encoding the content of bibliographic and authority data
Related to:
ISBD = rules that organise the display of a bibliographic description of an item in a catalogue
FRBR = a entity-relational model of the data required to find, identify, select and obtain resources

ISBDs
International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions
Developed 1969 onwards by IFLA
Defined seven areas of description and their order
Title
Statement of Responsibility
Edition
Resource specific information
Publication details
Physical description
Series information
Notes and standard identifiers

FRBR
Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records
IFLA study; report published 1998
Entity-relationship model that defines:
Tasks : find, identify, select, obtain
Resource relationships : work, expression, manifestation, item
Entity relationships : people, corporate bodies (agents) concepts, objects, events, places

AACR
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
A content standard for bibliographic description and access
Bibliographic – not just books
Built on other, earlier sets of rules
Key principles
One principle entry per resource
Catalogue from item in hand
Chief source of information

AACR timeline
1967 UK and US editions
1978 Second unified edition, consistent with ISBDs; several further revisions
1997 Toronto conference on AACR2
1998 FRBR
2005 Develop RDA not AACR3
2010 RDA launch (provisional)

AACR 2
Part 1: Description
Chapter 1: General rules
Chapters 2 -12: Resource type - specific rules
Chapter 13: Analytic entries
Part 2: Headings, Uniform Titles, References
Chapter 21: Choice of access points
Chapters 22 – 26: Construction of access points
Appendices
A: Capitalisation, B: Abbreviations, C: Numerals, D: Glossary, E: Initial articles

What’s wrong with AACR?
Increasingly complex
Lack of logical structure
Mixing content and carrier data
Hierarchical relationships missing
Anglo-American centric viewpoint
Written before FRBR
Not enough support for collocation
Unclear relationship with MARC Format

RDA – The Aims
Rules should be easy to use and interpret
Be applicable to an online, networked environment
Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media
Encourage use beyond the library community
Be compatible with other similar standards
Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles
Separate content and carrier data
Examples – more of them, more appropriate

Who is working on RDA?
Joint Steering Committee (JSC)
1 representative each from: ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC
JSC reps consult with their ‘constituency’
In UK, CILIP/BL Committee on RDA plus specialist groups (e.g. Rare Books Group, IAML(UK & Ireland)
And in the period 2005 to 2009
RDA Editor: Tom Delsey
RDA Project Manager: Marjorie Bloss

And also
Task focused working groups
RDA GMD/SMD Working Group
RDA and ONIX Initiative
RDA Examples Working Groups
RDA MARC Working Group
and
DCMI RDA Task Group

How is RDA being developed?
Draft – (responses – revised drafts – further responses, etc.) – acceptance
Latest draft released 17 Nov. 2008; responses from:
ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC
France, Germany, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden
ISSN International Centre
Final product – the publishers ( ALA , CILIP, CLA)

RDA Timelime
2005
Prospectus and draft of chapters relating to description
Content and carrier studies
2006 and 2007
Further drafts of chapters on description and access
Work on appendices and glossary
2008
Screenshot demo in August at IFLA conference
Draft for consultation released in November
2010
Launch of online product (announced as June 2010)
2010 – 2011
Work on deferred issues

RDA Outline Structure
Introduction
Attributes
Sections 1 to 4 (chapters 1 to 16)
Relationships
Sections 5 to 10 (chapters 17 to 37)
Appendices A to M
Glossary

What will RDA look like? - 1
Section 1: Recording manifestation attributes
Ch. 1 General guidelines
Ch. 2 Identifying manifestations and items
Ch. 3 Describing carriers (technical description)
Ch. 4 Providing acquisition and access information (terms of availability, etc.)

Section 2: Recording attributes of work and expression
Ch. 5 General guidelines (incl. construction of access points for works and expressions)
Ch. 6 Identifying works and expressions (e.g. uniform and collective titles , etc.)
Ch. 7 Describing additional attributes of works and expressions (incl. nature and coverage of content, intended audience, etc.)

Section 3 : Ch. 8, 9, 10, 11 Recording attributes of person, family and corporate body (= name headings )
Section 4 : Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Recording attributes of concept, object, event and place (= subject headings )
Section 5 : Ch. 17 Recording primary relationships between work, expression, manifestation and item
Section 6 : Ch. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 Recording relationships to persons, families and corporate bodies associated with a resource

What will RDA look like? – 4
Section 7 : Ch. 23 Recording subject relationships
Section 8 : Ch. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 Recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations and items
Section 9 : Ch. 29, 30, 31, 32 Recording relationships between persons, families and corporate bodies
Section 10 : Ch. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events and places

Appendices
A: Capitalisation
B: Abbreviations
C: Initial articles
D: Record syntaxes for descriptive data (ISBD, M21, DC)
E: Record syntaxes for access point control data
F: Additional instructions on names of persons
G: Titles of nobility, rank, etc.
H: Conversion of dates to Gregorian calendar
J, K, L, M: Relationship designators
Glossary
Index

Using RDA
Analyse the resource being described
What is the content type?
Held in what carrier form?
To what other resources is it related?
To which persons, families or corporate bodies is it related?
To what concepts, events and places is it related?

One rule for all …
Mostly:
Rules apply to all content types
Rules apply to all media types
With
Examples of application to specific content and media
Occasionally:
Rules apply to specific materials or contents (e.g. treaties, religious texts, music)

Words, words, words …
Can look opaque or ‘going round in circles’
Trying to avoid reference to specific content and carriers
Hope to improve wording over time
‘ Use as the preferred source of information a source forming part of the resource itself that is appropriate to (a) the type of description and (b) the presentation format of the resource .’
Means preferred source of information may vary according to:
Comprehensive or analytical description
Multiple pieces, early print, moving images, or ‘all other materials’

RDA – What will it be?
Online resource (full text)
Free open access – June to 31 Aug. 2010
Free month trial (not confirmed)
US $325 for first user (sliding scale multiple users) http://www.rda-jsc.org/rdapricing.html
Library schools – likely different but not decided
Potentially:
Concise text
Tailored texts (law, music, serials, etc.)
Training resource
Incorporation into LMS cataloguing modules

RDA and beyond
RDA aims to be:
Independent of communication formats
UNIMARC, MARC, MARCXML, MODS/MADS
DC, EAD, ISBD, VRA, MPEG7
Compatible / better aligned with other similar standards
Archives: ISAD(G)
Museums: Cataloging Cultural Objects

RDA and MARC
Mapping RDA and MARC 21
Report issued in Nov. 2006; various proposals subsequently go through MARBI process
How will RDA impact on MARC 21?
Some new fields / subfields are being defined
How will MARC 21 impact on RDA?
Data provisions in MARC 21 not covered in current draft of RDA

MARC – 1960s
Library of Congress project
Database of catalogue records
Production of catalogue cards
US & UK versions
Reflected differing cataloguing practices
Developed in parallel but not identical ways

MARC – 1970s
Variant formats developed
Based on either US or UK formats (AUSMARC, DANMARC, KORMARC, etc.)
USMARC developed 8 material formats (Books, Serials, Maps, etc.)
UNIMARC developed in 1977 by IFLA
Intended as exchange format
Used as the Bib format in some countries (e.g. France)

MARC – Recent changes
Expansion of USMARC to a family of formats
Bibliographic, Holdings, Authority, Classification, Community Information
Integration of USMARC bibliographic format
Previous 8 formats integrated
Widespread adoption of MARC 21
Some countries simply adopt USMARC
1997 – USMARC & CANMARC become MARC 21
2003/4 – MARC 21 enhanced by UK proposals; British Library adopts MARC 21
2006/7 – MARC 21 enhanced by German proposals: this will enable libraries to move from MAB to MARC 21

MARC Structure
Leader
0xx – control numbers, coded data
1xx – primary access point
2xx – description, GMD, edition, publication
3xx – physical description
4xx – series
5xx – notes
6xx – subject access points
7xx – additional access points
8xx – series added entries
9xx – local fields

Maintaining MARC 21
Twice yearly MARBI meetings
Discussion papers
Proposals
UK and MARC 21
BIC Bibliographic Standards Group
[email_address]
http://www.bic.org.uk/16/Bibliographic-Standards/

Some MARC changes for RDA
New fields
336 Content Type (Bib, Auth)
337 Media Type (Bib, Holdings)
338 Carrier Type (Bib, Holdings)
370 to 377 (Auth) (e.g. field of activity, occupation, gender, family information, associated language)
New codes
New codes in 007 (Bib, Holdings)
New codes in 008 (Bib)
See more detail at: http://www.loc.gov/marc/formatchanges-RDA.html

MARC and XML
MARC has alpha-numeric 3-digit tags
100.1 Personal Name
245 $a Title $b Subtitle
XML has element labels
<namePersonIndirectOrder>
<title> <titleSubtitle> <titleCoverTitle>

Looking into the crystal ball
FRBR
Potential influence on cataloguing systems
Authority records, uniform titles, work records
OPACs
Multiple interfaces for different audiences
More flexible search interfaces and displays
Enhance for accessibility - supports all users
Links (actual resources, restrictions, supporting or associated resources)
RDA
Potential use outside the library domain

Contact details
Ann Chapman
UKOLN
University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY
[email_address]
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/bib-man/
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/ukoln/staff/a.chapman/

Creative Commons Licence
This licence allows the slides to be reused and, if necessary, modified for non-commercial use provided acknowledgements are given to Ann Chapman and UKOLN and the same licence is used for such modified resources.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

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Tools of our Trade (RDA, MARC21) 2010-03-15

by Ann Chapman on Mar 16, 2010

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